TIếng Anh 12 - Modals: Deduction; compound forms

Nội dung text: TIếng Anh 12 - Modals: Deduction; compound forms

1. MODALS : DEDUCTION; COMPOUND FORMS OTHER FORMS EXPRESSING DUTY, OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY Modal verbs can be used to expressed different degrees of certainty. Here is a list  Be expected to is used when something is very likely to happen, we expect it to starting from the maximum level and ending with the least level of certainty. happen: - The storm is expected to move southward during the night. MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING DEDUCTION  Be obliged/compelled /forced to are used when an action is caused by something: - Because ofthe flood we wereforced to close down. MUST Almost certain (80%) That must be Cheryl's car. (I'm quite sure it is)  Be bound to is used when something is destined to happen or will happen for sure: SHOULD Very likely (60%) That should be Cheryl's car. (I think it is) It was bound to happen sooner or later. We should have known better. COULD Possible (50%) That could I may be Cheryl's car. (I can't tell)  Be due to it is used for things dial are planned or expected to happen at a certain time MIGHT Uncertain (40%) That might be Cheryl's car. (I have no idea) or moment: MUST Very uncertain (20%) That may not be Cheryl's car. (I have no idea) - Our train is due to arrive at Glasgow Central at 12:12. MAY /  Be to is used as a short form for ‘be going to’ (especially in the news) or to give Impossible (10%) That can't be Cheryl's car. (I'm sure it isn't) MIGHT NOT formal / impersonal instructions and orders about actions that must or mustn't be carried out: The same can be done with modal verbs in the Past form. The compound form of modal - The Pope is to visit the Philippines (or: is going to visit ) . verbs is basedMon this typical structure: - The rest papers are to he handed in by 9.30AM. (or: must he handed in ) - Guests are to leave the premises in a clean and tidy condition, (or must leave ) MODAL ♦ HAVE ♦ PAST PARTICIPLE (PP)  Be meant to is similar to be bound to and is used when something is destined Io MUST HAVE + happen: Almost certain (80%) The film must have been boring. P.P. - Laura was meant to he a mother: she's so patient and loving. COULD HAVE + Possible (50%) She could have left her phone at home. P.P. MAY (not) HAVE PRACTICE He may have known the killer. + P.P. Uncertain (40%) I. 1 What are the 8 speakers doing? Match the sentences (1-8) to the correct MIGHT (not) They mightn't have recognised us. HAVE + P.P function (a-h). CAN’T HAVE + 1. When is it due to snow in Birmingham? Impossible (10%) I can't have signed this document. P.P. 2. You weren't expected to arrive so early! 3. I should have listened to her when she said I was wrong. OTHER COMPOUND MODALS 4. Tara mightn't have received our text message. 5. You can’t be 50: you look so much younger. SHOULD (not) HAVE + Expressing regret We shouldn't have wasted so much money on P.P. about something that that 6. We’re bound to hear from that man again. OUGHT TO HAVE + P.P. didn't happen in the She ought to have taken that chance. 7. You needn't have brought any wine. MAY (not) HAVE + P.P. past I could have studied harder. 8. You must have a lot of spare time. DON’T / DIDN’T NEED TO or NEEDN’T HAVE + P.P. a. making inferences about the past b. expressing regret In the Past tense there is a little difference between these two forms. Compare the c. making inferences about the present examples: d. saying that something is impossible - Ann told us we didn't need to bring any drinks. e. predicting that something will happen again (we knew it wasn't necessary to do it). f. expressing surprise - We needn't have brought the umbrellas: it was sunny all day. g. asking when something is expected to happen (but we didn't know that when we left.) h. explaining that something was not required 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 13th, 2021 MODALS FOR DEDUCTION
2. II. Underline the correct alternative. 1. Jane passed the exam with an A: she must study / must have studied hard. 2. Let’s call Mum: she may be / may have been worried. ANSWER KEY 3. I feel so miserable. I mustn't / shouldn't have said those horrible things to her. 4. You can't / mightn't have seen Rob in town: he's still in Japan. I. 5. It's been raining for two weeks but it can't / might be sunny next weekend. 1g – 2f – 3b – 4a – 5d – 6e – 7h – 8c 6. Grandma's waiting for us! We mustn't / mightn't be late. II. 7. Don't blame me: you may / could have planned the trip more carefully. 1 must have studied – 2 may be – 3 shouldn't – 4 can't – 5 might – 8. That must /could be Greg’s new car. His daughter's sitting in the back. 6 mustn't – 7 could – 8 must – 9 needn't have brought – 10 may not 9. I needn't have brought / didn't need to bring my umbrella: it’s sunny. III. 10. We couldn't / may not have enough time to finish the test. 1 had – 2 be – 3 to – 4 must – 5 have – 6 should – 7 have – 8 should / shall – 9 can – 10 allowed III. Read the email below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word for each gap. Hi Nicky, I'm sorry I didn't write (0) to you before but I've (1) to get everything ready for my trip to Dublin. My host motherM open said it may (2) quite cold next week so I had (3) pack three more woollen jumpers, a fleece and jackets in my suitcase. From the pics I've seen, the home where I’m staying (4) be really nice. I’ll just (5) to travel 20 minutes to get to school every morning and the bus stop is right in front of the house. The only problem is they have a cat: I really love pets but I'm a bit allergic to cat hair. Maybe I (6) have told the agency before Yesterday I got a special SIM card but I needn’t (7) bought it because my phone provider offers cheap top-ups for international calls. I was wondering what to bring my host family as a gift: (8) I get them some Italian food or a bottle of wine? I hope you (9) help me to make the right choice. The agency told me that I won't be (10) to stay out later than 10.00 because I'm still 16, but that's ok with me as I'm not used to going out at night. Well, I guess I have to go now. I'm leaving early tomorrow morning and my plane is due to arrive at Dublin airport at 9,45.1 can’t wait! Best wishes, Anna Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 13th, 2021 MODALS FOR DEDUCTION