TIếng Anh 12 - Word formation: Verb affixes

Nội dung text: TIếng Anh 12 - Word formation: Verb affixes

1. WORD FORMATION: VERB AFFIXES MAIN VERB SUFFIXES • Many verbs are also nouns in English (coach, display, hurry, phone, etc), so the • The -EN suffix typically refers to shape, size, colour, light, composition, and gives or function of the word can only be understood in context. In some cases the only increases a certain quality as in strengthen (= give strength) or whiten (= make sth white) difference lies in the sưessed syllable (record = noun / record = verb with the main stress on the last syllable). Compare these two examples: -EN - I bought this watch yesterday. (=noun)  Do you often watch TV? (=verb) • The -EN suffix typically refers to shape, size, colour, light, composition, and gives or • The following suffixes are often found in words from Latin / Greek origins as in increases a certain quality as in strengthen (= give strength) or whiten (= make sth sympathise - signify - operate - finish. Many of these verbs are mostly used in more formal white) length  lengthen | wide  widen | broad  broaden | like  liken English. -EN height  heighten | sweet  sweeten | weak  weaken | strength  strengthen -ISE real  realise advice  advise analysis  analyse memory  memorise • The following suffixes are often found in words from Latin / Greek origins as in -FY imple  simplify class  classify clear  clarify pure  purify sympathise - signify - operate - finish. -ATE active  activate creation  create value  evaluate date  update Many of these verbs are mostly used in more formal English. -ISH ban  banish final  finish distinct  distinguish complete  accomplish -ISE real  realise | advice  advise | analysis  analyse | memory  memorise -IFY simple  simplify | class  classify | clear  clarify | pure  purify • Other typical verb affixes from Greek / Latin origin are: -ATE active  activate | creation  create | value  evaluate | date  update IN- (which indicates acquiring something or an intake): increase - inhabit - inherit -ISH ban  banish | final  finish | distinct  distinguish | complete  accomplish - inhale - inflame • Other typical verb affixes from Greek / Latin origin are: CO- (which indicates collaboration or working with): cooperate - cohabit - coexist IN- (which indicates acquiring something or an intake): increase - inhabit - inherit - - collaborate inhale - inflame -INE (with different pronunciations): determine - examine - combine - define CO- (which indicates collaboration or working with): cooperate - cohabit - coexist - • There may be more than one verb related to the same root but with different collaborate meanings, which can lead to some confusion. Here are a couple of examples: -INE (with different pronunciations): determine - examine - combine - define assure (= make sb sure about sth) - ensure (= make sure) - insure (= provide • There may be more than one verb related to the same root but with different meanings, insurance for sth) clear (= remove clutter) - clarify (= make sth clearer) which can lead to some confusion. Here are a couple of examples: assure (=make sb sure about sth) - ensure (=make sure) - insure (=provide insurance PRACTICE for sth) clear (=remove clutter) -clarify (=make sth clearer) I. Build verbs with the same stem as the word provided. - Do you need a permit tofish here? (permit = noun)  They won’t permit you to leave, 1. belief 5. high (permit = verb) 2. tight 6. character • Another little group of verbs shows similarity to the stem of the nouns they are related 3. glory 7. dark to, with a typical vowel change in the middle (song/sing - food/feed - drop/drip) or 4. light 8. exam some other other minor changes (life / live - gift/give - breath /breathe). Compare the verbs and nouns in these examples: II. Complete the following sentences with the verbs related to the words in - Junk food is bad for your health.  Did you feed the cat? (feed = give food) brackets. - What he said is proof of his intelligence.  What he said proves his intelligence. 1. He was profusely so they took him to the ER. (blood) - He was out of breath after running.  You must breathe more slowly. 2. We the easiest path because we were tired. (choice) 3. They the match because the other team played better. (loss) MAIN VERB PREFIXES 4. Travelling is a great way to your horizons. (broad) giving a certaing quality as in encourage (= give courage) or enable (= make sb able) 5. My parents have always me to develop my musical gift. (courage) EN- light  enlighten able  enable large  enlarge ure  ensure 6. I with you - I'm unemployed, too. (sympathy) EM- rich  enrich force  enforce bed  embed power  empower doing the same action again or sending it back as in return and refund III. Choose the correct word among the three alternatives in brackets. RE- view  review use  reuse cycle  recycle sell  resell 1. I can (insure / assure / ensure) you that you'll be pleased with the results. 2. When I eat too much I have to (loosen / lose / loss) my belt. Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 18th, 2021 VERB AFFIXES
2. 3. I can’t see any (imagine / imaginary / images) on the screen. 4. I want to (enlighten / light / lighten) my hair a little bit. 5. These sculptures (memorise / memories / commemorate) the victims of the Potato ANSWER KEY Blight. 6. The Anglican Church doesn't (force / fortify / enforce) celibacy among its clergy. 1. 1 believe – 2 tighten – 3 glorify – 4 enlighten (lighten) – 5 heighten IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in 6 characterise – 7 darken – 8 examine – 9 extinguish – 10 terrify the gap. The word must be different to the one provided. II. 1. Our company in planning the finest luxury travel services. SPECIAL 1 bleeding – 2 chose – 3 lost – 4 broaden – 5 encouraged – 6 sympathise 2. Before leaving the area, always your campfire is completely extinguished. III. SURE 1 assure – 2 loosen – 3 image – 4 lighten – 5 commemorate – 6 enforce 3. In Hamlet's soliloquy death is to sleep. LIKEN IV 4. My father often me for the clothes I wear. CRITICISM 1 specialises – 2 ensure – 3 likened – 4 criticises 5. I went to the doctor’s because the pain in my knee had WORSE 5 worsened – 6 respond – 7 pronounced – 8 renew 6. Timid children may sometimes to loud people aggressively. RESPONSE V. 7. How is this word ? PRONUNCIATION 1 threaten/threatening – 2 fullness/fully – 3 agreement/ agree/ agreeably - 4 increase/ 8. Don’t forget to your subscription before it expires. NEW increase/ increasing – 5 flatter/ flattering /flatteringly 6 enjoyment/ enjoy/ enjoyable V. Complete the grid writing the other words from the same family under the correct heading. In some cases there may be more than one word per category. NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB 1 threat fill full 2 agrreable 3 increasingly 4 5 flattery 6 enjoyingly Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 18th, 2021 VERB AFFIXES