TIếng Anh 12 - Conditional sentences (câu điều kiện)

Nội dung text: TIếng Anh 12 - Conditional sentences (câu điều kiện)

1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (câu điều kiện )(3 types) Type 1:real condition in present IF+ S+ V (S/ ES) ,S+ WILL (NOT) / SHALL+ BARE INFINITIVE or iin the future , Imperative If he is late , we will go without him Please ask me if you have any questions Type 2: unreal condition in the IF+ S+V2/Ved, S+ WOULD (NOT)/ COULD + BARE V present If I were you , I would not do that Type3: unreal condition in the IF+S+HAD+P.P , S+ WOULD (NOT) /COULD+HAVE+ P.P past If he had studied hard for the exam, he wouldn’t have failed * “If ” có thể được bỏ đi nếu có sự đảo ngữ (thường được dùng ở hình thức nhấn mạnh) - Were I rich, I would help you. (= If I were rich, I would help you.) - Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry. (= If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry) * Ngoài liên từ “if” ra, câu điều kiện có thể được bắt đầu bằng các liên từ khác như : suppose, supposing that (giả sử như), on the condition that (với điều kiện là), as long as, so long as, provided that (miễn là), in case (trong trường hợp) , even if ( ngay cho là) - As long as you return the book by Saturday, I will lend it to you with pleasure. * Hai tiếng có nghĩa phủ định : unless (trừ phi), but for (nếu không) - He won’t come unless you call him. (= He won’t come if you don’t call him.) - But for the storm, he would have arrived much earlier. I-Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question below. 1. If I had time, I ___ shopping with you. A. went B. will go C. would go D. would have gone 2. If you ___ English, you will get along with them perfectly. A. can speak B. had spoken C. speaks D. spoke 3. If they had gone for a walk, they ___ the lights off. A. had turned B. would have turn C. would have turned D. would turn 4. If she ___ to see us, we will go to the zoo. A. came B. come C. comes D. is coming 5. I would have told you, if I ___ him. A. had meet B. had met C. meet D. met 6. Would you mind if I ___ the window? A. closed B. closing C. had closed D. would close 7. If they ___ me, I wouldn't have said no. A. had invited B. invited C. invite D. would have invited 8. My friend ___ me at the station if he gets the afternoon off. A. meets B. will meet C. would have met D. would meet 9. If my father ___ me up, I'll take the bus home. A. doesn’t pick B. don’t pick C. not pick D. picks 10.If he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again. A. Unless he apologizes, then I will never invite him here again. B. Unless he apologizes, or I will never invite him here again. C. Unless he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again. D. Unless he apologizes, I will never invite him here again. 11. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you. A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you. B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I would meet you. C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning. D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning. 12.___ , he would not have had the accident yesterday. A. If Peter driven more carefully B. If had Peter driven more carefully C. Had Peter driven more carefully D. Unless Peter had driven more carefully 1
2. V- .WISH SENTENCE(3 loại ) present situation ,future situation ,past situation a)present situation S+ WISH + S+WERE /V-ED /V2 Iwish I were a king She wish she had much money b)Future situation S+ WISH + S+ COULD /WOULD + BARE INFI. e.g She is afraid that she can’t go to your party next Saturday .She wishes she could go to your party next Saturday I wish it would stop raining tomorrow c)past situation S+WISH + S + HAD + P.P e.g She wishes she had invited him to her party *Notes If only = S wish e.g I wish I could buy that house If only I could buy that house Chose the best option 1.I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ___ it better. A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understands 2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ___ raining. A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. will stop 3. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ___ here right now. A. were B. would be C. had been D. was 4. I should never have said that. I wish I ___ that. A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. says 6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ___ quiet. A kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep 7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ___ the earlier train. A. caught B. would catch C. had caught D. catches 8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ___ it. A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. seen 9. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ___ out. A. didn't go B. wouldn't go C. hadn't gone D. went 10. I hate living in England. It's cold and it's damp. I wish I ___ in Spain. A. lived B. would live C. had lived D. live 11.Susan regretted not buying that villa. A. Susan wished she had bought that villa. B. Susan wished she bought that villa. C. Susan wished she could buy that villa. D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa. 12. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this. A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this. C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this. 13. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness. A. I wish he will get over his illness. B. I wish he would get over his illness. C. I wish he got over his illness. D. I wish he had got over his illness. 14. Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer. A. Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer. B. Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer. C. Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer. D. Peter was glad to buy the secondhand computer. CÁC HÌNH THỨC NHẤN MẠNH ( FORMS OF EMPHASIS) A. NHẤN MẠNH ĐỘNG TỪ. Để nhấn mạnh động từ trong câu xác định , ta đặt DO hoặc DOES (nếu thì hiện tại đơn) và DID (nếu thì quá khứ đơn trước các động từ nguyên mẫu không TO - I did see him at the airport yesterday. - I know that you don’t expect me to go; but I do go. - He does wishhe could speak English fluently. Để cho câu mệnh lệnh thuyết phục hơn , dùng DO trước các câu mệnh lệnh . - Do help me, please. - Do be careful when you cross the road. Trong câu phủ định , đặt NOT sau trợ động từ hoặc dùng NEVER trước DO, DOES, DID. 2
3. - I know not anything about that. - They succeeded not in their scheme although they tried very hard. - She never does help her friends. - I never did hear anything like that before. Trong câu mệnh lệnh phủ định , đặt YOU giữa DON’T và trợ động từ. - Don’t you forget it. - Don’t you speak to me like that. B. NHẤN MẠNH 1 TỪ / 1 CỤM TỪ / 1 MỆNH ĐỀ Ta dùng cấu trúc “It + is / was + + that ” “It + is / was + + that ” “It + is / was + + that ” để nhấn mạnh 1 từ (word), 1 cụm từ (phrase) hay 1 mệnh đề (clause). Nếu mệnh đề chính ở hiện tại , dùng “It is . that ”; còn nếu mệnh đề chính ở quá khứ , dùng “It was that ” . - It was Mr.Brown that I met at the theatre yesterday. (nhấn mạnh 1 từ) - It was at the theatre that I met Mr. Brown yesterday. (nhấn mạnh 1 cụm từ) - It was because it rained heavily that we couldn’t go to the lecture. (1 mệnh đề) - It is the smoke from that factory chimney that pollutes the air. C. NHẤN MẠNH BẰNG CÁCH ĐẢO NGỮ. (Inversion of subject and verb) Hình thức đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh 1/ Trang từ mang nghĩa phủ định (negative adverbs) hay cụm từ tương đương (equivalents) ra đầu câu. Thường là những từ như : hardly, scarcely, no longer, never, never hardly, scarcely, no longer, never, never hardly, scarcely, no longer, never, never before, before, seldom, rarely, nowhere, in no circumstances, on no account, not until, not only but also, no sooner than - Never have I seen such a wonderful thing. - Seldom does she help her friends. - Nowhere else can he find so many happy people. - Rarely did he smile at me. 2/ Đưa ONLY, SO, MANY A TIME, SUCH ra đầu câu - Only then did she realize her mistakes. - So big was the liner that it couldn’t enter the harbour. 3/ Bỏ liên từ IF trong câu điều kiện. - Had I met you before, we could have been friends. - Were I rich, I would travel around the world. - Did I know him better, I would give him some advice. 4/ Đưa trang từ chỉ nơi chốn (adverb of place) ra đầu câu , kết hợp dùng với những động từ chỉ sự chuyển động : lie, stay, stand, sit, come, move, go (Trong trường hợp này người ta không dùng trợ động từ ) - On the top of the hill stands a village school. - By his side sat his faithful dog. - Near the church lies an old ruined cottage. - There comes the train. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1. Never ___ me again. A. will she love B. she loves C. she won’t love D. she will love 2. Not only ___ but she is also intelligent. A. she is beautiful B. beautiful she is C. is she beautiful D. beautiful is she 3. No sooner ___ out than it rained. A. did I go B. I went C. had I gone D. I had gone 4. Seldom ___ the guitar. A. he plays B. does he play C. he doesn’t play D. he does play 5. Hardly ___ a word when her son came back. A. couldn’t she say B. she could say C. she couldn’t say D. could she say 6. Only at weekend ___ my kids to Water Park. A. I don’t take B. do I take C. I take D. I do take 7. On the battle field ___. A. the tanks did lie B. the tanks lay C. did the tanks lie D. lay the tanks 8. Nowhere ___ such cooperative staff. A. you can find B. you found C. you could find D. can you find 9. Never before ___ in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences. A. have the leaders of these two countries met B. the leaders of these two countries have meet 3
4. C. have the leaders of these two countries meet D. met the leaders of these two countries 10. Only by studying hard ___ this exam. A. can you pass B. you can pass C. pass you can D. can pass you 11. Seldom ___ a newspaper. A. buy Anna B. does Anna buy C. bought Anna D. Anna does buy 12. Not only ___ at the post office, ___ at the grocery store. A. does Mary work / but she also works B. works Mary / but she also works C. does Mary work / but does she also work D. works Mary / but does she also work 13. No sooner ___ the house than the phone started to ring. A. had she entered B. she had entered C. entered she D. had entered she 14. Beside the roadside___. A. a horse stood B. does a horse stand C. did a horse stand D. stood a horse 15. Only after they send you an application ___. A. can you apply B. you can apply C. do you apply D. did you apply 16. Not once ___ into her eyes. A. he looked B. does he looked C. did he look D. looked he II- Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 1. She had never been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed . 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers’ lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 4