TIếng Anh 12 - Revision for advenced learners 01

Nội dung text: TIếng Anh 12 - Revision for advenced learners 01

1. REVISION FOR ADVENCED LEARNERS 01 about anything. It’s as if there were some sense of comfort in hiding behind their web of lies. The irony regarding compulsive liars is that, while they are given a hard time by I. Read the article and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that fits best according to most of us, their decision to lie is often unavoidable. Few ‘normal’ liars can say they the text. had no choice but to lie, whereas compulsive liars often don’t have that luxury. WHAT MAKES US WANT TO LIE? The fact that we are so quick to judge the actions of liars highlights the moral Nowadays, it can sometimes feel as if we are trapped in a web of lies and deceit. conundrum surrounding the act of lying. On the one hand, we’ve been conditioned to Viewers tuning in to the evening news are likely to be confronted with political believe that we should always aspire to the truth, which forms the moral bedrock of speeches peppered with half-truths and outright lies, interspersed with advertisements society. On the other hand, the vast majority of us lie from time to time, and we may for products that are unlikely to improve our lives to the extent they claim. even feel that it’s justifiable in certain circumstances. Perhaps this tension between a Recent research has suggested that as few as 40% of media consumers believe that the rigid moral standard and individual discretion has been necessary for us to get to where media facilitates the separation of truth from falsehood. And when social media we are today. While we tend to recognise the need to keep lying to a minimum, we may platforms are taken into account, this fi gure drops to 24%. Surely, then, this makes for also choose to override that rule when we believe that it may be for the greater good. a society of suspicious and untrusting individuals, afraid to believe a word that they read 1. In the fi rst paragraph, the writer mentions some research or hear in the news? A. to explain diff erent forms of lying on a scale from minor to major. On a brighter note, it would seem that there’s less cause for concern when it comes to B. to show the challenges researchers face when studying dishonesty. one-to-relations. While it is notoriously hard to determine the extent to which C. to support his claim that lying is universal and everybody does it. individuals lie, it is estimated that we tend to lie no more than once or twice a day. D. to demonstrate the level of public mistrust in the media. Furthermore, this is based on average figures and it’s likely that most lies can be 2. What does the writer suggest in the second paragraph? attributed to a small percentage of people. While the more righteous among us may be A. Some people might be upset if they knew how oft en others lied. dismayed by the fact that some people can lie with such frequency, it does also suggest B. Individuals tend to lie more oft en than was previously thought. that we can trust the vast majority of our friends’ and co-workers’ utterances. C. Trust in friends and the people we work with is eroding. Nevertheless, the ability to lie is something we develop at an early age and which most D. Recent research on the frequency of lying is not to be trusted. of us will engage in at various points in our lives. Children seem to develop it from 3. What point does the writer make about lying in paragraph three? around two years of age, usually with the express aim of avoiding getting into trouble A. It was fi rst used by animals as a means of protection. with their adult guardian. Not only that, but some animals have also been known to lie. B It has been hard-wired into both humans and animals. Experiments on apes have confirmed that they may also avoid ‘telling’ the truth so as C. It’s not known why we develop the capacity to lie. not to have to share their food with others. While this proves that humans are not the D. Apes and humans tend to have the same reasons for lying. only dishonest creatures, it’s not clear whether this behaviour is hard-wired into us or 4. In the fourth paragraph, the writer attempts to show that acquired from our peers. A. it is no longer necessary for us to lie to protect ourselves. Whichever it is, lying can clearly confer some sort of advantage on the perpetrator. B. our ancestors understood the dangers involved in lying. Several hypotheses suggest that our early human ancestors would have lied to avoid C. there are a number of diff erent reasons why we might lie. physical confrontation and the risk of injury or even death. Why risk a violent end over D .our reasons for lying have essentially remained unchanged. a stolen piece of meat if you could just pretend you knew nothing about it? Of course, 5. How does the writer feel about compulsive liars? people still lie in order to protect themselves. For example, if someone were about to A. They don’t deserve for us to be angry with them. mug you and asked you to tell them the PIN number for your credit card, you might B. There are few reasons for us to trust them. well give them a fake number. Yet, at the same time, our lies also stem from a much C. They only lie when they are likely to benefi t from it. wider range of motivations such as personal gain, or attempting to avoid causing pain or D. There is no justifi cation for their anti-social behaviour. distress to our fellow humans. 6. In the concluding paragraph, the writer What all these situations have in common is that there’s generally something tangible A. explains why we need to overcome the desire to lie. to be gained through the deception. However, a small number of people seem to lie B. describes the factors which have led to our current views on lying. without any real need to – other than, perhaps, for self-aggrandisement. They are known C. questions the need for us to lie in modern society. as compulsive liars and their condition is manifested through the repeated fabrication of D. refers to the way in which lies were judged in the past. the truth. They have probably learnt to lie in their formative years as a means of KEY: 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B surviving a diffcult childhood and, as they mature, they fi nd it hard to tell the truth Thẩm Tâm Vy, Sptember 10th, 2021 REVISION 1 ~ FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS
2. II. Read the text and complete the gaps with ONE word only. IV. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in each numbered gap. ONE MAN’S WORD It wasn’t the first time I was reading a book by G. Thomas. He’s got a real (1) WHEN AN AD GOES BAD with words. I put it (2) to his years of experience as a writer. In my mind’s (3) Most content will offend someone somewhere these days but , I always saw him as a lonely old man but he isn’t and the moment he starts there is an issue when many fi nd an ad extremely off ensive. 1. SET speaking, he makes you sit (4) and take (5) I met him at a book signing Yesterday, a soft drink company suff ered a major (1) An 2. CRY where he was promoting ‘How to Fight your (6) ’ , a book which gives you some advert which was released to celebrate the launch of a new 3. IMAGINE techniques to defend your opinion and argue successfully. product came up against a great deal of criticism and aft er a 4. TURN To my (7) it’s one of those books that you would keep going back to. Thomas has major customer (2) , the company had to withdraw it. The 5. INTEND years of dealing with opposing (8) as a political activist, for (9) of a better advert, which was expected to push sales to an (3) level, 6. LEAD word. He is a very passionate campaigner who is not afraid to put (10) out there, caused uproar and as a result the company suff ered a 9 percent 7. FALL something that could cost him someday if he doesn’t learn to (11) back sometimes. drop in (4) The company apologised for the (5) off 8. DENY He concerns himself with an (12) –widening range of issues that he brings to our ense. ‘It is our policy to listen to our consumers. We understand 9. HEART (13) through his work. In (14) word, he dares to wade into the deep waters of that the message may be (6) and this has prompted our 10. LET social and political issues to raise (15) . decision to withdraw it,’ said the company’s CEO in a statement issued yesterday. In an interview with the press he has admitted KEY: that the (7) from the ad has not been pleasant, and 1. another 2. put 3. across 4. spotlight 5. strongly 6. own 7. way described it as an (8) problem for the company. However, 8. walk 9. tied 10. goes 11. with 12. piece 13. fail 14. minded 15. paper the consumer’s remain decidedly (9) by the message. The ad has racked up thousands of views online as media (10) III. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. continue to document the controversy. 1 ‘Can you put your ideas down on paper?’ he asked. KEY: 1. setback 2. outcry 3. unimaginable 4. turnover 2 ‘We have set up a petition against the council’s decision,’ they said. 5. unintended 6. misleading 7. fallout 8. undeniable 9. disheartened 10. Outlets 3 ‘Let’s prepare for our presentation,’ she said. 4 ‘What do you want to achieve?’ he asked. 5 ‘You needn’t worry about anything,’ she said. Have a look at these! KEY: 1. He asked if I/we could put my/our ideas down on paper. 2. They said they had set up a petition against the council’s decision. 3. She suggested that we should prepare for our presentation. (or) She suggested we prepare for our presentation. (or) She suggested preparing for our presentation. 4. He asked what I/we wanted to achieve. 5. She said I/we didn’t need to worry about anything Thẩm Tâm Vy, Sptember 10th, 2021 REVISION 1 ~ FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS