TIếng Anh 12 - Grammar for beginner - Learners

Nội dung text: TIếng Anh 12 - Grammar for beginner - Learners

1. GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNER-LEARNERS • + -ing form for an action in the past GERUND (-ING FORM) - I'm sorryfor breaking that vase. When we put a verb after a preposition, we normally use an -ing form, not an • + infinitive for an action that still has to take place infinitive. - I regret to inform you that you can't go on holiday. - Always brush your teeth after eating. to hate, to like, to dislike, to love, to prefer - They 're talking about moving to Spain. • + -ing form for habitual habits - I look forward to hearing from you soon. - I always wear skirts. I hate wearing trousers. Some examples of to as a preposition are: • + infinitive: with the conditional to look forward to, to object to, to be used to, - We would love to see your wedding photos. to prefer to. to get around to, in addition to to mean Common verbs that are normally followed by the -ing form are: • + -ing form = to involve / to imply to admit, to appreciate, to avoid, to burst out, to consider, to contemplate, to delay, to - Having afamily doesn 't mean leaving your job. deny, to detest, to dislike, to endure, to enjoy, to escape, to excuse, to face, to fancy, to • + infinitive = to want / to intend feel like, to finish, toforgive, to give up. (can't) help, to imagine, to involve, to keep - I meant to call you but Ỉ 've been very busy. (on), to leave off. to mention, to mind, to miss, to postpone, to practise, to put off. to to remember / to forget resent, to resist, to risk, (can’t) stand I bear, to suggest, to understand • + -ing form for an action in the past - I remember leaving my keys in the car. When the action of the -ing clause is done by another we can use: • + infinitive for an action in the future • possessive adjective / A + -ing form (formal) - I promise I'll neverforget to lock the door. - I can't hear his / John’s joking. to stop • object / noun + -ing form (informal) • + -ing form = to stop doing something - I can’t hear him / John joking. - She stopped eating meat last year. • + infinitive = to stop something to do something else VERB + INFINITIVE - We stopped to buy some meat. to need Common verbs normally followed by the infinitive include: • + ~ing form is used when the subject of the need clause is the object of the -ing clause to afford, to agree, to appear, to ask, to attempt, to decide, to expect, to help, to hope, This house needs cleaning. to manage, to mean, to offer, to prepare, to promise, to refuse, to seem, to threaten, to • + infinitive is used when the subject of the need clause is also the subject of the want, to wish infinitive clause - I promise to call you. - I need to borrow some money. Some verbs can take both the infinitive and -ing form: to begin, to start, to continue, to attempt, to bother, to try, tofear can be followed by PRACTICE either form with no significant difference in meaning. I. Complete the sentences with the gerund (-ing) form of the verbs in the box. - I have started studying. = I have started to study. Note! forget drive make contact live do watch complain buy eat If they are in a continuous tense, they are followed by the infinitive. 1. I dislike driving in the dark. - I am beginning to worry. 2. I can’t imagine without you! to begin, to start and to continue are followed by the infinitive of to understand, to 3. Have you ever considered volunteer work? know and to realise. 4. Do you think she'll forgive me for her birthday? - I started to understand what he was saying. 5. The mechanic suggested new tyres. - I began to realise that I didn 'Ỉ love him any more. 6. I won’t miss his ! to be sorry for / to regret 7. Does his job involve potential customers? Thẩm Tâm Vy September 12, 2021
2. 8. We'll finish and then I think we'll take a nap. 9. It’s difficult (train) an old dog (do) new tricks. 9. We enjoy football matches on TV. 10. He loves (eat) chocolate while watching TV. 10. Please avoid noise. 11. I intend (go) out this evening. 12. I hate (get) up early in the morning. II. Complete the sentences with the infinitive form of the verbs in the box. 13. My teacher advised me (revise) for the exam every evening. 14. She heard them say they wanted (buy) meet buy (x2) see talk sleep be pack pay finish speak V. Complete the fofiowing sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1. Are you going (keep) to keep me (wait) waiting all day? 1. I want to see his latest film. 2. (See) is (believe) ; 2. I can’t afford any new clothes 3. I saw him (help) her (cook) the dinner. 3. She promised her homework before going out. 4. We were invited (go) to their house (watch) the tennis. 4. We asked to the manager. 5. I'm sorry (see) you (work) so late every night. 5. They decided in a different hotel. 6 My teacher encourages us (work) individually on the grammar exercises. 6. I offered him something to eat. 7. I would love (go) out with you tonight! 7. I pretended asleep because I this month. didn’t want to her after our argument. 8. Don’t forget (go) to the bank. 8. I refuse any extra money. 9. This needs (look) into more thoroughly. 9. My mum helped my suitcase. 10. I don't think (argue) will help resolve the matter. 10. We agreed at the office. III. Complete the following pairs of sentences, one with the gerund (-ing) form and the other with the infinitive form. 1. a. Forgive me. I never meant (hurt) you. b. We could move flat but it would mean (spend) more on rent. ANSWER KEY 2. a. I'm sorry for (say) the things I said. I. b. I’m sorry (say) no one passed the exam. 1 driving, 2 living, 3 doing, 4 forgetting, 5 buying, 3. a .I prefer (go) to the beach than the mountains. 6 complaining, 7 contacting, 8 eating, 9 watching, 10 making b. I would prefer (leave) early in the morning. II. 4. a. I remember (see) your glasses on the table. 1 to see, 2 to buy, 3 to finish, 4 to speak, 5 to sleep, b. I forgot (tell) you Leanne called. 6 to buy, 7 to be, to talk, 8 to pay, 9 to pack, 10 to meet 5. a. He needs (see) a psychiatrist. III. b Your clothes need (wash) . 1 to hurt, spending, 2 saying, to say, 3 going, to leave, 6. a. I asked the students (stop) and think before answering. 4 seeing, to tell, 5 to see, washing, 6 to stop, swimming b. Martin has stopped (swim) at the pool every Saturday morning IV. 1 ask, to stop, interfering, 2 to arrange, 3 force, to do, 4 to allow, to do, IV. Complete the following sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct 5 to start, looking, 6 to visit, 7 trying, to sell, 8 to sell, 9 to train, doing, form. 10 eating, 11 to go, 12 getting, tequila request put 13 to revise, 14 to buy 1. I must (ask) ask you (stop) to stop (interfere) interfering . V. 2. He decided (arrange) the meeting at once. 1. to keep, waiting, 2. seeing, believing, 3. help, cooking 4. to go, to watch, 3. I won't (force) you (do) it if you don't want to. 5. to see, working, 6. to work, 7. to go, 8. going, 9. looking, 10. arguing 4. We have decided (allow) her (do) as she wants. 5. I was encouraged (start) (look) for a job immediately. 6. I understand you want (visit) the National History Museum. 7. The police suspect him of (try) (sell) stolen goods. 8. We are growing flowers (sell) at the market. Thẩm Tâm Vy September 12, 2021