Cấu trúc tiếng Anh cần nhớ

Nội dung text: Cấu trúc tiếng Anh cần nhớ

1. CẤU TRÚC TIẾNG ANH CẦN NHỚ Grammar structures Meanings/ examples -As if / though : Như thể là : -I don’t like Norma. She talks as if she knew everything. -He speak English as if he were a native speaker - Advise sb to do sth / not to do sth -Our teacher advises us to study hard - As long as + S + V , S+ will + V - So long as + Eg. As long as you work hard, you will pass your exam - Smoking affcts our health badly -Affect badly = have bad effect on = Smoking has bad effect on our heath - Agree with sb about sth - Đồng ý với ai về -Accuse someone of doing something : -They accused him of stealing / having stolen the bike -Apologize ( to someone )+ for + V.ing -I want to apologize for being rude to you -Apologize + for + noun -I apologize for the miscommunication. / Jack apologized for his -I apologize for missing your birthday. mistake./Tommy needs to apologize for the accident. -Jack apologized for coming to the meeting late. -Tommy needs to apologize for breaking Mr. Kim’s window. - Apply for a job - Xin việc - Apart from sb/ sth - Bên cạnh - Argue with sb about sth - Tranh (bàn) cãi với ai - Arange for sb to do sth - Sắp xếp ai làm việc gì -Avoid = keep / stay away from : -She avoided meeting him. -Approve of someone / something -Lan’s parents disapprove of her and Tuan being together Lan’s parents don’t approve of her being with Tuan - Burst out crying / laughing -Everyone burst out laughing when the clown appeared -Be about to: Be intending to do sth in a very short time - sẽ làm gì đó, sắp sửa làm gì đó. -Be on the point of doing something = Be just about to: -Could you call me back later ? I’m about to have lunch -I was on the point of going home, he arrived +I’m able to speak English = I am capable of speaking English. - Be able to do sth = be capable of + V_ing - They say he is able to swim across this river = He is said to be capaple of swimming across this river. -Be interested in / fond of / keen on : -He is interested in sports - Be absent from ( class, school, ) - Vắng, nghỉ - Be absorbed in sth/ V-ing - Miệt mài, say mê - Be accessible to do sth. - Có thể cập nhật làm gì. - Be acceptable to sb - Có thể chấp nhận được đối với ai - Be accompanied by sb - Cùng đi vơi ai đó - Be accountable for an action - Chịu trách nhiệm về một hành động - Be accurate in sth - Chính xác về cái gì - Be out of something = run out of something : - He was out of money - Be accustomed to sth/ V-ing - Quen với điều gì/ làm gì - Be acquainted with sth/ doing sth - Quen với điều gì/ làm gì - Be addicted to sth - Nghiện cái gì - Be afraid of sth - Sợ cái gì/ ai - Be aimed at sb/ sth - Nhằm vào ai/ cái gì -Be + sorry + for + V.ing -Tommy told Mr. Kim that he is sorry for breaking the window. +I am sorry for missing your birthday./ - Jack said he is sorry for his mistake./ Tommy told Mr. Kim Jack said he was sorry for coming to the meeting late. that he is sorry for the accident. - Beg sb for sth - beg sb to do sth - Xin / nài ai cái gì - Xin nài ai làm gì - Believe in sb / sth - Tin vào ai / cái gì - Be between jobs = jobless - Thất nghiệp - Blame for sb/ sth - Đổ lỗi cho -Be/get tired of + N/V-ing = Be bored with N/V-ing : -My mother was tired of doing too much housework everyday. -We are bored with doing the same things everyday. - Be fed up with + V-ing/ N -Chán với việc gì +He is fed up with doing exercises - Be familiar + to Sth/sb - Quen thuéc với - Be famous / well-known for + Sth. - My hometown í famous for it’s rice and sea product - Be filled with - Làm đầy -Be good / bad at + N/ V-ing: - I am good at swimming./ He is very bad at English. -Be/get used to + Noun / V-ing: (quen làm gì) : - My father is used to getting up early -Be accustomed to -I used to play marbles when I was young -Be busy with something / doing something : -We are busy preparing for our exam -I’m busy with my homework -Be in mood for something / to-inf : ( feeling that you would -I’m in mood for some fun / She wasn’t in mood to dance like something / to do something ) -Be in favor of : -Lan’s parents are not in favour of her marriage = Lan’s parents
2. are opposed to her marriage -Be / get / keep in touch ( contact ) with someone : - Did you manage to keep in touch with Lan ? -Be convinced something = believe in something -He is not convinced that there is life on other planets = He doesn’t believe in the existence of life on other planets -Be aware of : -They are aware of the benefits of taking physical exercises -Be high in ( contain a lot of ) : - This drink is high in sugar -Be likely to-inf = probably : - That program is likely to attract a lot of people -Be bound to-inf = certainly - He was bound to be late because he didn’t leave soon -Be due to + inf :Talk about future arrangements that are -The bus is due to leave at 8:15 a.m, according to the timetable expected to happen at a specific time -Be opposed to V-ing: không đồng thuận với/ chống lại = -Many local people object to the building of the new airport. Object to Noun / V-ing: không thích hoặc phản đối làm gì -Blame for something : be responsible for something bad: -They say she was to blame for the accident - But for doing sth/ sth , S + can’t + do ( Nếu không , -The only thing we can do is learning. But for learning, we không thể ) can’t do any thing - Borrow something from someone =Lend someone - Lan lent me her book = I borrowed a book from Lan / She something borrowed this book from the liblary./ Can you lend me some money? - Catch up with sb in sth - Theo kịp ai trong việc gì - Compare sth with sth - So sánh cái gì với cái gì - Compete with sb for sth - Tranh giành với ai về -Congratulate someone on something -He congratulated Tuan on his exam result -Concentrate on something - It’s very noisy here, I can’t concentrate on my study -Find it + Adj + to-inf = Have difficuly / trouble in +V-ing -I find it difficult to learn English = I have difficulty in learning -Have difficulty in = have trouble with English -He has difficulty in learning English = He has trouble with learning English ) - Have no idea of sth = don’t know about sth - -I have no idea of this word = I don’t know this word. -Have / get someone do something 1. Có cái gì được làm eg: I’m going to have my house repainted. = Have / get + something + PP 2. Nhờ/ Thuê ai làm gì eg: I’m going to have Mr. Jonh repair my -He had a mechanic repair his car yesterday car. = I’m going to have my car repaired. = He had his car repaired by a mechnic yesterday - Had (‘d ) better do sth - Nên làm gì / Không nên làm gì eg: not do sth +You’d better learn hard / You’d better not go out. -Have a good relationship with someone = get on well with -He has good relationship with his neighbors someon: -Have a discussion with someone about something : - I had a long discussion with them about the situation at work -Have an/no objection to something/V-ing: -Do you have an objection to my plan?/I have no objection to waiting a bit longer -Have a desire for something / to-inf ( the feeling of wanting - I had a strong desire for chocolate / to eat some chocolate something ): -Have an argument with someone about +noun / V-ing : - We had an argument with them about environment - Regular exercises can have a positive effect on our health - Have positive / negative effect on - Smoking can have a negative effect on our health -Make an appointment with someone -I’d like to make an appointment with the manager, please . -Make someone a promise - She made me a promise to pay him back -Make progress in - You can make progress in your English by practising it every day. -Make a criticism of : -She made a criticism of my behavior at the party -Make an / no attempt / effort to-inf -He made an attempt to break record -Get the blame for + noun / V-ing : Be accuse of doing -I didn’t break the window but I got the blame something bad : *Give someone an explanation for -He gave me an explanation for arriving late ( his late arrival ) -Get / be fed up with = Get / be tired of -I get fed up with living in the city -Give someone encouragement : -My teacher gave me a lot of encouragement -Give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ cái gì -You should give up smoking as soon as possible. -Look forward to V-ing = expect to +inf : -We are looking forward to going on holiday. -I look forward to seeing you / hearing from you. -It takes / took + O +time + to-inf = S + spend / spent + time -It took him about 5 minutes to go to school by bike = He spent + V-ing 5 minutes going to school by bike -Spend + time / money + on something : -We should spend a lot of time on practising English -She often spends her money on books -Let someone do something = allow someone to do - He lets his children play games on Sundays = He allows his something children to play games on Sundays -Play an important part / role - Music plays an important role in our modern life -Pay attention to : -He didn’t pay any attention to what the teacher said during the
3. lesson - Make sure of sth/ - I have to make sure of that information. that + S + V -You have to make sure that you’ll pass the exam. -Plan / intend to do something = Be going to do something - He intneds to buy a new car = He is going to buy a new car -Keep an eye on ( watch something so that it is safe): -Could you keep an eye on my bag when I go to out. - Make sb do sth ( active ) +The teacher made us do a lot of homework. Be + made + to – V ( passive ) We are made to do a lot of homework. -On behalf of = represent : -You have to sign this form on behalf of your family -Object to something / V-ing : - He objected to my plans -Put pressure on ( try to force someone to do something : - He is putting pressure on her at work -Provide smb with something -Can you provide us with some books in history? -Prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing. (Thích cái gì/ làm gì - He prefers playing sports to reading books in his free time hơn cái gì/ làm gì) = He would like play sports than read books in his free time = Would rather ('d rather) + V (inf) + than + V (inf ): (thích -She prefers staying at home to going out= She’d rather stay at làm gì hơn làm gì) home than go out -Prefer Someone ( not ) to do something -I’prefer you (not) to smoke here = Would rather Someone + V( simple past ) : = I’d rather you (not) smoked here -Suggest that smb ( should ) do smt -I suggested she ( should ) buy this house. -Suggest doing smt -I suggested going for a walk. -Take into consideration / account (Think about before -Have you taken into consideration / account how much this is making a decision ): likely to cost you ? -Take a risk / chance +V-ing : - He took a risk investing all his money in a new company -Enjoy / like + Noun / V-ing - He enjoys playing soccers in his spare time = be interested in / keen on / fond of + Noun / V-ing = He is fond of playing soccers in his spare time -Can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: - She can't stand laughing at her little dog. Không chịu nỗi/không nhịn được làm gì -We can help suffering from that noise -Had better ( not ) + inf = Should ( not ) + inf : - You should study harder = You had better sudy harder - You had better go to see the doctor. = If I were you, I would study harder -Hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ -I always practise speaking English everyday. practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing: -It’s not neccessary for someone to do something - It is not necessary for you to do this exercise today = S + don’t need to do something = You don’t need to do this exercise today *S + V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: -This structure is too easy for you to remember./ He ran too fast *S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V: for me to follow. *It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S + V: -This box is so heavy that I cannot take it./ He speaks so soft *S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do that we can’t hear anything. something : -It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it./ It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all. -She is beautiful and intelligent enough to become Miss World - How + (a/ an) + adj + N + be ! - What a lovely picture ! - What + (a/ an ) + adj + N ! - How a lovely picture is ! - It’s the first time sb have ( has ) + PII -It’s the first time we have visited this place. - It is + Adj + ( for sb ) + to do sth -It is difficult for old people to learn English. - It’s ( high ) time + S + did sth -It’s time we went home. - It’s (high) time + S + past subjunctive - It’s high time you got back to work. -It’s ( high ) time +S+simple past : -It’s high time he followed a heathy diet -It’s time for someone to do something -It’s time for you to follow a heathy diet - It’s not necessary for sb to do sth - Ai không cần thiết phải làm gì = Sb don’t need to do sth / doesn’t have to do sth +It is not necessary for you to do this exercise -Do you mind if I + V ? -Do you mind if I take a photo of you ? -Would you mind if I + V ? -Would you mind if I took a photo of you ? -Do/ would you mind + V – ing ? -Do/ Would you mind opening the door ? -Someone need to do something : -I need to buy a new bike -Something need to be + PP / V-ing : -My bike needs to be painted / painting - Not only but also = Both and . -She is not only short but also fat. = She is both short and fat -S + had no sooner +V(PP/V3) + than + S + V (simple past) -I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain =No sooner + had + S + P.P than S + V (simple past) . No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain -S + had+ hardly / barely / scarely + V(PP/V3) + when / -We had hardly / scarely / barely sat down at the table, when the before + S + V (simple past) phone rang =- As soon As + S + had + V(pp) , S + V(simple past) Hardly / Scarely / Barely had we sat down at the table, when = Hardly / Barely / Scarely had + S + V(PP/V3) + when / the phone rang before + S + V(simple past) - He had no sooner left than his son played computer games = *Had no sooer + PP + than + S + simple past He had hardly left when his son played computer games = Had hardly / scarcely / barely + PP + when + S + simple past
4. -I only recognised him when he came into the light. - Not until did + S + V Not until he came into the light did I recognise him -There / It + be + no use/no good / not worth+ doing st = -It is no use reading this kind of book. There’s no point / sense (in) doing st -It is no point going to school without doing homework. = It’s useless/pointless to do st = It’s not worth + V-ing -It is no good telling him - he won't listen. *There is no point in + V-ing : There is no point in shouting -It is / There is no use complaining. /There is no use worring *There’s no need to-inf : There’s no need to shout +This film was not worth seeing because it’s so boring +There is no point (in) having a car if you never use it -This film is worth seeing because it is very interesting +It's no good trying to persuade me. You won't succeed. +I live only a short walk from here, so it's not worth taking a +It's worth making an arrangement before you go taxi. - It + be pointless to do sth -It’s quite pointless to complain. S + be + no worth + V- ing - There is no point in complaining.  There is no point in doing sth. - That problem is not worth discussing - S + be try + but not succeed - Children needn’t study too much - There ‘s no need ( for sb) + to + V There’s no need for children to study too much. - No matter + how + adj/ adv + S + V -No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with - No matter + what/ where + S + V you. - S + be + superlative adj + N -Iron is the most useful metal. No other + N + Be + as + adj + as + S No other metal is as useful as iron. - If only + S + V ( past simple) : - Giá như -If only I could live in Paris for a year! -Prevent / stop someone from something / doing something: -The rain prevented us from going for a walk. He prevented us from parking our car here. -Doing physical exercises regularly help us prevent from illness -To provide sb with sth - Can you provide us with some books in history? - Provided that . -You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully - Provided + S + V Provided that you keep my car carefully you can use it - Pride oneself on sth -Mrs. Lan is proud of her cooking. -Take pride in sth Mrs.Lan prides herself on her cooking. -To be+on the point of + gerund= To be about to-Infinitive -Rely on smb -You can rely on him. *Remember to do something : -Remember to turn off all the switches when leaving / *Remember doing something : -Remember to do your homework I remember meeting him - I remember seeing this film - S + be + regarded + as + N/ V-ing . .- Galileo is considered to be the father of modern astronomy Galileo is regarded as (being) the father of modern astronomy. *Manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth -She succeeded in persuading him to buy a new motorbike = She managed to persuade him to buy a new motorbike - In spite of + V-ing/ N -In spite of his age, the old man runs 5 kilometers a day - Despite of + V-ing / N - Dream about / of + N/ V-ing Mơ ước - S + V + Due to + N – phrase. -The office was closed due to the doctor’s illness - S1 + expect + that + S2+ will + V - I expect that he will get there by lunch time. = S1 + expect + somebody + to – v - I expect him to get there by lunch time. students in my school rose / increased /went up dramatically The number of People / tourists in this region fell / decreased / went down / dropped gradually/ considerably a rise / an increase in the number students There was in my school / this region last year a fall / decrease of People / tourists I.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF VERB TENSES : *S +have/has +not +V(pp)+since/for+time *They haven’t visited me for 5 years It’s+time+since+S+V(past) It’s 5 years since they visited me S+last+V(past)+time+ago They last visited me 5 years ago The last time+S+V(past)+was+time+ago The last time the visited me was 5 years ago. *S+have/has+been+V(pp)/ S+have/has+been+V-ing+since/for *Tuan has played the piano for 10 years S+began/started+V-ing+time+ago He began playing the piano 10 years ago. *S+have/has+not+finished+V-ing+yet *He hasn’t finished painted the house yet S+is+still+V-ing He’s still painting the house. *S+have/has+never+V(pp)+before *I have never eaten Chinese food before It’s the first time+S+have/has ever +V(pp) It’s the first time I have ever eaten Chinese food. *S+have/has never +V(pp)+such(a)+adj+noun *She has never heard such a sad story. It’s+the+adj(superlative form)+noun+S+have/has ever+V(pp) It’s the saddest story she has ever heard *S+be about to+infinitive *Jack was about to have dinner when his boss called. S+be on the point of+V-ing Jack was on the point of having dinner .
5. *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.She began to play tennis when she was ten She 2.I bought this coat 3 years ago. I . 3.He hasn’t finished writing the report yet He . 4.We have never seen such a funny film It’s 5.He’s never played soccer before It’s 6.John hasn’t played golf for years The 7.When did Mary move to Liverpool? How long ? 8.It was the first time I had met a film star I . 9.Kate was about to leave the house when the postman came Kate was 10.It’s 4 weeks since I spoke to Paul I 11.We haven’t played tennis for 6 months We 12.He is the kindest man I’ve ever met I 13.I haven’t eaten this kind of food before This 14.How long is it since they bought the car? When ? 15.I haven’t been to Bristol for 3 years The first time . *Answer keys: 1.She has played tennis since she was ten. 2.I have bought this coat for 3 years . 3.He is still writing the report. 4.It’s the funniest film we have ever seen. 5.It’s the first time he has ever played soccer. 6.The last time John played golf. 7.How long has Mary been in Liverpool?(How long is it /has it been since Mary move to Liverpool?) 8.I have never met a film star before. 9.Kate was on the point of leaving the house when . 10.I haven’t spoken to paul for 4 weeks(I last spoke to paul was 4 weeks ago /The last time I spoke to paul was 4 weeks ago) 11.We last played tennis was 6 months ago. 12.I have never met such a kind man. 13.This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food. 14.When did they buy the car? 15.The first time I came to Bristol was 3 years ago. *THE FIRST TIME: Use Example *Be(present/future)+the first time+(ever)+present perfect) *This is the first time I have been to this place Be(past) +the first time+(ever)+past perfect) It was the first time I had ever been to this place *The first / second / third time can be used in the above patterns: -This is the second time I have told you this. *Any noun can be used instead of time in the same patterns: This is the first job I have ever had *Any superlative adjective and noun can be used in the same patterns: -This is the best restaurant I have ever eaten. *THE LAST TIME: Use Example *Be(present)+the last time+(ever)+present simple/will / *This is the last time I ever come here / I will come here / going to I am going to come here. Be(future)+the last time+present simple It will be the last time I travel to work in this place Be(past)+the last time+pastsimple That was the last time I saw her It is / It has been +period+since+S+(last)+simple past. It is 3 years since I last saw her. *Any noun can be used instead of time in the same patterns: -It will be the last exam I ever take *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.I am asking you this question for the third time This is . this question 2.Tomorrow,she’ll be driving a car for the first time Tomorrow will be the first time . a car. 3.After those words,he never said anything to me again Those to me . 4.Before then,she had never had to earn her own money That was the first time . to earn her own money. 5.After that,she never mentioned the subject again. That was the the subject 6.After next week,I’ll never have to work with her again Next week will be . work with her *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.They have never made a record better than this one,in my opinion This is the best in my opinion 2.I haven’t been to a football match for years It’s to a football match 3.I’ve already written 2 letters to them before this one This will be the third letter . to them 4.I’ve never met anyone like her before This is the first anyone like her 5.Not again! I’ve already had chicken 3 times this week This is the fourth . chicken this week 6.I never trusted them again after that That was the last time . . them 7.She last got in touch with me about 2 months ago This is about 2 months in touch with me 8.I’ve never seen the worse film than this one ,to be honest This is the worst to be honest 9.Fiona went on a trip around the US 2 years ago It is on a trip around the US 10.I’ve never met a person as unpleasant as him before, I must say He is the most unpleasant I must say. 11.We moved into this flat 3 years ago It is 3 years into this flat
6. 12.My dad will never lend me money again after this This is the last time me money II.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF CLAUSES AND PHRASES: 1.Adverbial of clauses/phrases of reason Examples *As/because/since/now that S+V1,S+V2 *As we have nothing to do, we decided to go for a walk Because of/As a result of/On account of/Due Because of having nothing to do, we . to/Owing to+noun/V-ing,S+V Because of the fact that the weather was good, we decide Because of/As a result of/On account of/Due Having nothing to do, we decide to/Owing to+the fact that+S1+V1,S2+V2 The reason for our decision to go for . was that the V1-ing,S+V2 weather was good. The reason for+noun/V-ing+be+(that)+S+V The reason why+S1+V1+be+(that)+S2+V2 2.Adverbial of clauses/phrases of purpose Examples *S+V1+so that/in order that+S+can/could/would+V2 *Lan went shopping so that she could buy some jeans S+V1+to/in order to/so as to+V2 Lan went shopping to buy some jeans S+V+for+noun/V-ing Lan went shopping for some jeans S+V+to prevend+noun/pronoun+from+V-ing She covered the sofa with a sheet to prevent it from S+V+to avoid+V-ing getting dirty. She covered the sofa with a sheet to avoid getting it dirty. 3.Adverbial of clauses/phrases of time Examples *Once/When/After/Before/As soon as/The *Once Tuan had spoken to his lawyer, he signed the contract. moment+S+V1,S+V2 Until Tuan had spoken to his lawyer, he didn’t sign the Until+S+V1,S+negative of V2 contract. When/Once/Until/Whenever/While/After/Before/On When having spoken to ., he didn’t sign . +V1-ing,S+V2 -S+V+soon -Our country develops soon -It+be+not long before+S+V -It is not long before our country develops 4.Adverbial of clauses/phrases of result Examples *S1+be+so+adj+that+S2+V *The film was so interesting that we wanted to see it twice It(they)+be+such+(a/an)+adj+noun(of V1)+ It is such an interesting film that we wanted to see it twice that+S2+V *S+V1+so adj/adv+that+S+can/could not+V2 -We arrived so late that we couldn’t see the first film. S+V1+too+adj/adv+to+V We arrived too late to see the first film S+negative of V1+antonym of+adj/adv+enough We didn’t arrive early enough to see the first film to+V2 *S+V+a lot of+noun+so+S+V *Peter did a lot of work yesterday so he has nothing to S+V+so much/little+uncountable noun+that+S+V do today. S+V+so many/few+countable noun+that+S+V Peter did so much work yesterday that he has nothing to do today. 5.Adverbial of clauses/phrases of concession Examples *Although/though/whereas/while/in spite of/despite *Although she didn’t have the qualifications, she the fact that+S1+V1,S2+V2 got the job. In spite of/Despite+ noun /V-ing, S+V Despite not having the qualification, she *Although S1+V1+adj/adv ,S2+V2 *Although she is intelligent, I don’t think she will win -Adj/adv+as+S1+V1,S2+V2 the competition No matter how/however+adj/adv+S1+V1,S2+V2 Intelligent as she is, I don’t think However intelligent she is, I don’t think *S1+V1+whether+S2+V2+or not *We must continue our efforts there are problem or not. Regardless of+noun phrase,S1+V1 Regardless of whatever problem, we must Whatever/No matter what+(N)+S1+V1,S2+V2 Whatever problems there are, we must 6.Comparison structures Examples *S1+V+comparative adj/adv+than+S2 * Nga is better at math than Lan S2+negative of V+as adj/adv as S1 Lan is not as good at math as Nga *S1+be+superlative adj+noun+(that)+S2+have/has+ *She was the most warm-hearted person I have ever know V(pp) I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than her S2+have/has never pp+a+comparative adj+N+than+ S1 *S+want to+V1+more than+V2 *I want to go out more than stay at home S+would rather+V1 than +V2 I would rather go out than stay at home S+prefer+V1-ing+to+V2 I prefer going out to staying at home 7.Adverbial of clauses of condition/Wishes/Regret Examples *General truth,scientific fact or habits -If I stay out late, I always get a taxi home -If+S1+V1(present simple)+S2+V2(present simple) *Real condition in the present or future -If you finish your work early, you will go home -If+S1+V1(present simple)+S2+V2(future) *Unreal condition in the present -If you had longer legs, I would be able to run faster
7. -If+S1+V1(simple past),S2+would/could+V2(bare inf) *Unreal condition in the past -If I had had a map, I wouldn’t have got lost -If+S1+V1(past perfect),S2+would have+V2(pp) *Present wish -He wishes he didn’t live in such a small house -S+wish+S+V(simple past) *Future wish -I wish I would understand the language when I go to -S+wish+S would /could+V(bare-inf) France *Past wish -I wish I hadn’t told him about that yesterday -S+wish+S+V(past perfect) *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.He didn’t make any mistakes in the exam He avoided 2.I advise you to see a doctor immediately You’d better 3.It wasn’t easy for him to find a place to live in a big city He find difficult 4.Despite leaving home early, he missed the train Although 5.I’d prefer you to come for dinner later I’d rather 6.He failed to reach a decision He didn’t succeed 7.My father forced me to study harder My father made 8.He got up early because he wanted to be at work by 7:00 am He got up early in order 9.He didn’t speak slowly enough for us He spoke too 10.Lan wore a scarf because she didn’t want to get cold Lan wore a scarf so 11.”I’m sorry I forgot your birthday” said Peter Peter apologised 12.John is like his dad John take 13.The railway station is near my house The railway station isn’t 14.The box was too heavy for me to lift The box wasn’t 15.Lan and Nga don’t like durian Neither 16.She’s never eaten sushi before It’s the 17.Can you take care of my dog while I’m on holiday ? Can you look ? *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.The prescription has brought about the expected results because the chemicals were properly combine. Because of . 2.The reason why I came here was solely to try and improve condition. As . 3.The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended As a result . 4.It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me Until 5.When she heard that bad news,she fainted On 6.The milk is too hot for him to drink The milk is so . 7.The sea was too rough to swim in It was . 8.He’s so poor that he can’t buy a small flat He is not He can’t 9.Though you may be very intelligent, you should be careful No matter Intelligent 10.Because of her efforts, she succeeded in work Because 11.It was very cold. He didn’t wear warm clothes However cold 12.We have to import those whether the price increases Regardless of 13.He plays the piano better than his sister does His sister . 14.Our French exam was much easier than the Maths one The maths . 15.This play is more exciting than the one I saw last week The play I saw . 16.February is the hottest month of the year No other . 17.More people live in New York than in Washington Not so 18.My sister has never come here before This is . 19.This is the first time I’ve lived in such a friendly neighborhood I haven’t . 20.You didn’t tell me you were coming-I have already arranged to go out If . 21.I would be nicer to be able to understand the language when I go to France I wish 22.Working so much will make you tired If you . 23.I regret drinking so much last night If only . 24.If Pauline hadn’t been interested,the project would have been abandoned But for 25.The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman If it hadn’t 26.I don’t think it’s a good idea to lie to your parents about what happened If I . 27.It’s a pity I missed your graduation I wish 28.I didn’t know your address, that’s why I didn’t send you a postcard If . 29.Jane doesn’t spend much time studying. She may fail her exam Jane spends 30.She put her jewellery in the hotel safe. She didn’t want it to get stolen She put 31.He couldn’t afford to buy the car The car 32.Jo’s training accident meant she couldn’t take part in the race Jo’s training accident prevented .
8. 33.He prefers golf to tennis He’d rather . 34.Have you got a cheaper carpet than this? Is this 35.I can’t get my feet into these shoes These shoes 36.The bus takes longer than the train The train *Answer keys: 1.Because of bringing about the expected results because the chemicals were properly combine. 2.As I solely wanted to try and improve condition, I came here. 3. As a result of a famous film star’s attendance, the party was a success. 4.Until I left home, I didn’t realize how much my father meant to me 5.On hearing that bad news, she fainted. 6.The milk is so hot that he can’t drink it 7.It was such a rough sea that we couldn’t swim in it. 8.He is not rich enough to buy a small flat / He can’t affort to buy a small flat. 9.No matter how intelligent you are(may be),you should be careful / Intelligent as you, you should be careful. 10.Because she make her great efforts, she succeeded in work . 11.However cold it was, he didn’t wear warm clothes. 12.Regardless of the increasing price, we have to import those. 13.His sister doesn’t play the piano as well as him / His sister plays the piano worse than him. 14.The Maths exam was much more difficult than the France one. 15.The play I saw last week is less interesting than this one 16.No other month of the year is as short as February. 17.Not so many people live in Washington as in New York. 18.This is the first time my sister has ever come here. 19.I haven’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before 20.If you had told me you were coming, I wouldn’t have arranged to go out. 21.I wish I could understand the language when I go to France. 22.If you work so much, you will be tired. 23.If only I hadn’t drunk so much last night. 24.But for(without) Pauline’s interest, the project would have been abandoned. 25.If it hadn’t been for / due to the night-watchman, the fire wouldn’t have been brought. 26.If I were you, I wouldn’t lie to my parents about what happened 27.I wish I hadn’t missed my graduation. 28.If I had known your address, I would have sent you 29.Jane spends little time studying so she . / Jane spends so little time that she may not 30.She put her jewellery in the hotel safe in order not to get stolen ( so that it wouldn’t be stolen) 31.The car was too expensive for him to buy ( so expensive that he couldn’t buy it ) 32.Jo’s training accident prevented her from taking part in the race. 33.He’d rather play golf than play tennis. 34.Is this the cheapest carpet you have got? 35.These shoes are too small for me to get into / are so small that I can’t get my feet into 36.The train travels/runs faster than the bus. III.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF MODAL VERBS: 1.Ability Examples *S+can/could/be able to+V(inf) *John can/is able to/could play the piano S+be+capable of+V-ing John is/was capable of playing the piano -S+was/were able to+V(inf) -He was able to climb the tree S+managed to+bare-inf/succeeded in+V-ing He managed to climb the tree / succeeded in climbing. 2.Possiblity Examples -S+may/might/could+V(bare-inf) -Perhaps S+will+V(bare-inf) -I may get the job I have applied -S+will probably+V(bare-inf) -There’s a chance/possiblity that S+will+V(bare-inf) -There’s a chance that I will get the job I’ve applied -It’s likely that S will +V(bare-inf) -It’s possible that S+will+V(bare-inf) -S+may/might/could+have+pp -She may have called while we were out -It’s possible/likely that S +V(past) -It’s possible that she called while we were out 3.Certainty Examples -S+must+V(bare-inf) ( chắc chắn) S+can+surely+V(bare-inf) -There must be some mistakes Someone+be+convinced/sure/certain+that+S+ I’m sure that there are some mistakes V(present simple) There can’t be any mistakes S+can’t+ V(bare-inf) ( chắc chắn không có) I’m sure that there aren’t any mistakes Someone+be+convinced/sure/certain+that+S+ negative of V(present simple/future simple) -S+must/can’t have+V(pp) -He must have called me last night Someone+be+sure/certain+that+S+V(past)/negative I’m sure that he called me last night of V(past)-Một sự suy diễn ở QK 4.Obligation/Necessity Examples -S+must/have to/has to+ V(bare-inf) -You have to get to the airport on time
9. It’s essential that+S+V It’s essential that you get to the airport on time S+be supposed+to-inf You’re supposed to get to the airport on time 5.Lack of necessity Examples -S+needn’t+V(bare-inf) -You needn’t shout S+don’t need/have to+ V(bare-inf) You don’t need to shout There’s no need+to-inf There is no need to shout There’s no point in+V-ing There’s no point in shouting It’s not necessary+to-inf It’s not necessary to shout It’s pointless/not worth+V-ing It’s pointless shouting -S+needn’t have+V(pp)=It was not necessary to do -I ran all the way to work, but I needn’t have hurried st,but it was done because I was the first person to come 6.Advice Examples -S+should/ought to/had better+ V(bare-inf) -You should follow a healthy diet It’s (high) time S+V(simple past) It’s time you followed a healthy diet It’s time for SO+to-inf It’s time for you to follow a healthy diet 7.Preference Examples -S+would like/would prefer+SO+to-inf -We would like him to do that work S+would rather+SO+V(past) I would rather we started at 7 -S+should/ought to/shouldn’t/ought not to+have+pp -The owner shouldn’t have left the window unlocked It would have been better if S+had/hadn’t+pp It would have been better if the owner hadn’t left the window unlocked 8.Suggestion Examples *Shall we /Why don’t we+ V(bare-inf) -Shall we go to the movies Let’s+ V(bare-inf) How about going to the movies? How/What about+V-ing He suggests going to the movies S + suggest + V-ing *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.I don’t really want to go out tonight I’d rather 2.Maybe your glasses were in the bathroom Your glasses 3.It’s pointless to have that old typewriter repaired That old typewriter is not 4.I’m sure that there’s some mistakes with this bill There 5.It was wrong of you not to call the police You 6.It is essential that he get to the airport on time He . 7.Jane managed to save the little boy Jane was . 8.Can I hand in the assignment two days after the deadline? Would it be possible ? 9.I don’t believe that you have lost your keys again You can’t 10.Perhaps they didn’t notice the tyre was flat They might 11.He needn’t bring water There 12.Why don’t we go on a picnic this weekend ? Let’s 13.I had better get home now It’s high time 14.I think you should buy a new pair of shoes and get rid of those trainers It’s high time . 15.There’s no need for you to talk loudly You don’t 16.It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday You 17.I’d prefer you to start work next week I’d rather . 18.There’s no point in asking George to help It 19.It’s forbidden to go near the launch pad You 20.Let’s discus this over lunch We . 21.It isn’t necessary for Ron to pay for our tickets Ron 22.Everyone is supposed to pay taxes to the goverment Everyone . 23.It wasn’t necessary for him to buy a gift,but he did He . 24.I’m sure Sylvia didn’t mean what she said Sylvia . 25.We’ll probably have a party for Simon’s birthday It’s 26.Simon managed to climb the mountain,although it was steep Simon . 27.Do you mind if I use your telephone? Could . 28.You aren’t allowed to run in the corridors It’s You . 29.It’s possible they didn’t receive our message Perhaps *Answer keys: 1.I’d rather not go out /stay at home than go out tonight 2.Your classes may have been in the bathroom 3.That old typerwriter is not necessary to be repaired 4.There must be some mistakes with the bill 5.You must have called the police 6.He has to get to the airport on time 7.Jane was able to save little boy 8.Would it be possible for me to hand in . 9.You can’t be believed that you have lost your keys again 10.They might not have noticed the tyre was flat 11.There is no need to bring water
10. 12.Let’s go on a picnic 13.It’s high time I got home now 14.It’s high time you bought a new pair of . 15.You don’t need / have to talk so loudly 16.You don’t need / have to finish . 17.I’d rather you started . 18.It is pointless/not worth asking George to help 19.You aren’t allowed to go near 20.We should discus 21.Ron needn’t pay for our tickets 22.Everyone has to pay taxes to the 23.He needn’t have bought a gift 24.Sylvia can’t/mustn’t have meant what she said 25.It’s possible that we will have a party 26.Simon succeeded in climbing / was able to climb the mountain 27.Could I use your telephone? 28.It’s forbidden to run in the / You mustn’t run in . 29.Perhaps they could have received our message. IV.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF REPORTED SPEECH: -S+V+O+to-infinitive -“I know you can do it.Take the exam again”,he said (advise,encourage,invite,remind,require,warn ) He encouraged me to take the exam again. -S+V+to-infinitive -“There’s no way I’m going on holiday with my (agree,decide,offer(ngỏ lời),promise,refuse,threaten, mum and dad”,he said. demand He refused to go on holiday with his mum and dad. -S+V+that-clause. -“The accident was all my fault”,she said. (admit,confess,agree,decide,deny,explain, She admitted that the accident was all her fault promise,recommend -“I didn’t eat the last cake”,he said -S+V+V-ing ( deny,recommend,suggest . ) He denied eating the last cake -“No put the money away.I’ll pay for the drinks”,he -S+V+preposition+V-ing (apologise,insist ) said. He insisted on paying for the drinks -‘When will you finish your work?,she asked -S1+V1+wh-word+S2+V2 She asked him when he would finish his work -“Can you come tomorrow?”,she asked me -S1+V1+if/whether+S2+V2 She asked me if I could come the next day. -“Don’t leave the house until I get back,Lan”,her -S1+V1+O+V2(to-inf) mother said. Lan’s mother told her not to leave the house until she got back. *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.”Go on Jack,apply for the job”said Sally Sally encouraged . 2.”Shall I carry that bag for you,John?,said Pauline Pauline offered 3.”If I were in your position”,he said”I would stay at home and rest” He advised 4.”There’s no way I’m going on holiday with mum and dad” Jane refused 5.”The accident was my fault” He admitted 6.”Stay out of the crowd and don’t forget to take medicine” The doctor persuaded . 7.”Would you open the door for me,Tom” An asked . 8.Sue,can you remember to buy some bread? Paul remended 9.”I don’t really think it’ll snow tomorrow” I doubt 10”I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier” Jill apologiszed . 11.”I really think you should see a doctor,Chris” William advised 12. “No,I’m sorry.I won’t work on Saturday.Definitely not!” Catherine refused 13.”Let’s go out to the pub for lunch,shall we? Wendy suggested 14.”It’s not true!I have never been arrested” Larry denied . 15.”If you like,I’ll help you do the decorating,Bob” Ann offered 16.”I wouldn’t cook the fish for too long,Bill,if I were you”said Jean Jean advised Bill 17.”Helen,would you like to come to lunch on Sunday?said Mary Mary 18.”Well, in the end I think I’ll take the brown pair,”said the customer The customer finally 19.”No,you really must stay the night Sophia,”Ann said An insisted 20.”Make sure you don’t take the A20 in the rush hour,Tim”said Jack Jack warned *Answer keys: 1.Sally encouraged Jack to apply for the job 2.Pauline offered to carry that bag for John 3.He advised me to stay at home and rest 4.Jane refused to go on holiday with her mum and dad 5.He admitted that the accident was all his fault 6.The doctor persuaded me to stay out of the crowd and not forget to(to remember to) take medicine 7.Ann asked Tom to open the door for her 8.Paul reminded Sue to remember to buy some bread 9.I doubt if /whether it would snow the next day 10.Jill apologized for not phoning / having phoned me earlier 11.William advised Chris to see a doctor 12.Catherine refused to work on Saturday. 13.Wendy suggested going out to the pub for lunch/they should go out to 14.Larry denied being arrested 15.Ann offered to help Bob with the decorating 16.Jean advised Bill not to cook the fish too long 17.Mary invited Helen to come to lunch on Sunday 18.Th ecustomer finally decided to take the brown pair 19.Ann insisted on staying the night Sophia 20.Jack warned Tim not to take the A20 in the rush hour.
11. V.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF SUBJECT-VERB INVERSION: -No sooner+had+S1+V1(pp)+than+S2+V2(past) -No sooner had I come home than it began to rain Scarely/hardly+had+S1+V1(pp)+when+S2+V2 Scarely had I got out of the bed when the door bell rang -Under no circumstance+auxiliary verb+S+V(Cho dù -Under no circumstance should you send money to us bất cứ giá nào cũng không) by post At no time/never/not until+ auxiliary verb+S+V Not until had he finished his work,we started the party ( Mãi cho đến khi ) -Had+S+V1(pp),S+would have+V2(pp) -Had you given it in on time,you would have got a (Câu ĐK loại 3 bỏ If phải đảo ngữ ) high mark(If you had given it in on time,you .) -Should+S1+V1(inf),S+V2 -Should you see Lan,give her this book ( Diễn tả một sự không chắc chắn ) (If you should see Lan,give her this book) -So/Little+adj+be+S+that+S+V -So afraid was the child that he hid behind the sofa (So late am I that I feel sorry to class ) (The child was so afraid that he hid behind the sofa) -Only by+V-ing -Only by united opposition is world terrorism -Only by+noun +auxiliary verb+S+V eliminated. ( Chỉ khi . thì . ) -Adverbial expression of place+S+V -High up on the hill stood a small figure,waving at us. (Once upon a time there lived an old couple in a small (Cao cao trên đồi,có một bóng dáng đang vẩy gọi cottage=Once upon a time there an old couple lived in a chúng tôi) small cottage) VI.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF VOICE: -S1+V1(say,believe,know,think )+that+S2+V2 -People say that he escaped to a small village It+be+V1(pp)+that+S2+V2 It is said that he escaped to a small village S2+be+V1(pp)+to-inf / to have pp He is said to have escaped to a small village -We had the garage repair our car -S+have/get+O+(to)+V+noun phrase -We got the garage to repair our car S+have/get+noun phrase+V(pp) We had our car repaired -S+be+supposed/thought+to-inf -He is supposed to help his parents with the housework It+be+one’s duty+to-inf -It’s his duty to help his parents with the housework VII.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF PRONOUN”IT”: -It+be+difficult+for SO+to-infinitive -It’s difficult for me to finish this test in 5 minites -S+have/has difficulty+(in)+V-ing -I have difficulty in finishing this test in 5 minutes -S+find it+difficult to-infinitive -I find it difficult to finish this test -S+find it +adj+to-infinitive -We find it very confusing to understand the rules VIII.SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF IDIOMATIC DERIVATION: *Nouns and verbs: -We will have to decide soon -to decide = to make a decision We will have to make a decision soon -Mary can type well She is a good typist *Adverbs and Adjectives -He has a strong desire to become a doctor He strongly desires to become a doctor -There is a determination to overcome problems There are determined to overcome problems *Adjectives and nouns -She showed no interest in the picture She wasn’t interested in the picture *SOME COMMON IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS : 1.to look at = to have a look 2.to think about/of = to give thought to 3.to be determined to = to have a determination to 4.to know(about) = to have knowledge of 5.to tend to = to have a tendency to 6.to intend to-inf = to have intention of+V-ing 7.to desire = to have a desire 8.to wish = to have / express a wish 9.to visit = to pay a visit to SO / to pay SO a visit 10.to discus St = to have a discussion about 11.to talk to = to have a talk with 12.to explain St = to give an explanation for 13.to call SO = to give SO a call 14.to photograph = to have a photograph of 15.to try to = to make an effort to / to make an attempt to 16.to succeed = to make a success 17.to be used = to be in use 18.to agree / disagree = to be in agreement / disagreement 19.to contact SO = to have a contact with SO 20.to receive St = to be in receipt of SO 21.to arrange with SO = to have an arrangement with SO 22.to brush St = to give St a brush 23.to land = to make a landing 24.to need = to have a need of 25.to argue with SO = to have an argument with SO *EXERCISES:Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that means exactly the same as the first one. 1.People think that neither side wanted war Neither side is 2.Everone knows that eating fruit is good for you Eating fruit . 3.Everyone thought that painting had been destroyed The painting 4.It is believed that the Chinese invented gun power The Chinese . 5.He has not his hair cut for months He hasn’t had 6.The decorators have finished the whole of the first floor We have 7.We had the garage repair the car last week We had our car .
12. 8.Watching an international football match is wonderful I find 9.It was impossible to complete the work on time I found 10.to get into work this morning is a bit difficult It . 11.You won’t be allowed in until your identity has been checked Only . 12.The prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this Rarely 13.Mary didn’t come.That made him sad The fact that . 14.Her roommates don’t know where she is.Her brother doesn’t know where she is Neither 15.Mr.Pike has arranged for his son to study abroad Mr.Pike has made 16.To Alan’s amazement,the passport office was close when he arrived Alan found . 17.There is no ice-cream left We 18.There’s no point in asking George to help It 19.Valerie found it hard to concentrate on her book because of the noise Valerie had 20.John failed to find the source of the River Nile John didn’t 21.We were in disagreement with what you said We did not . 22.He answered the question honestly He gave 23.We haven’t heard from him for ages We haven’t kept . 24.The heavy rain made it impossible for us to have our picnic The heavy rain 25.The police said that John was a thief John was accused 26.Everyone was surprised to see Geoff leave the party early To 27.That was a silly thing to say! What 28.My French friend finds driving on the left difficult My French friend isn’t . 29.They think the owner of the house is abroad The owner 30.The mechanic serviced my car last week I 31.Handicapped people find shopping in supermarket difficult It’s 32.We’ve run out of tea There 33.Collecting dolls from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interest Jane is 34.Shirley didn’t begin to read until she was 8 It wasn’t 35.She was very stupid when she went out without a coat It is very stupid 36.A fire destroyed most of the old city of London in the 1600s. The destruction . 37.I’ve never seen such a mess in my life Never . 38.Don’t try to escape.It’s no use It’s no use . 39.There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January *Answer keys: 1.Neither side is thought to have wanted war 2.Eating fruit is said to be good for you 3.The painting was thought to have been destroyed 4.The Chinese is believed to have invented gun power 5.He hasn’t had the barber cut his hair for months 6.We have the whole of the first floor finished by the decorators 7.We had our car repaired last week 8.I find it wonderful to watch an international football match 9.I found it impossible to complete the work on time 10.It is a bit difficult for us to get into work this morning 11.Only by checking your identity will I allow you in 12.Rarely has the Prime Minister made a speech as inept as this(made such an inept speech) 13.The fact that Mary hadn’t come made him sad14.Neither her roommates or her brother knows where she is 15.Mr.Pike has made an arrangement with his son to study abroad 16.Alan found it amazing that the passport office was close when he arrived 17.We run out of ice-cream 18.It is not necessary to ask George to help 19.Valeri had difficulty in concentrating 20.John didn’t succeed in finding the source of 21.We did not agree with what you said 22.He gave an honest answer to the question 23.We haven’t kept contact / in touch with him for ages 24.The heavy rain prevented us from having our picnic 25.John was accused of being a thief 26. 27.What a silly thing(to say)! 28.Ny French friend isn’t used to driving on the left 29.The owner of the house is thought to be abroad 30.I had the mechanic repair my car last week 31.It’s difficult for handicapped people to find . 32.There is no tea left 33.Jane is interested in collecting dolls from foreign countries 34.It wasn’t until when Shirley began to read 35.The destruction of most of the old city of London in the 1600s was caused by a fire *EXERCISE I : Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings: 1.His father is taller than his mother. His mother is not . 2.Tom didn’t come to the party. Ann didn’t come to the party, either. Neither Tom 3/ Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. In spite of . 4.If you have a car, you are able to travel around more easily. Having a car enables 5.The sudden noise caused me to jump. The sudden noise made . 6.My father said I could use his car. My father allowed 7.She wouldn’t allow me to read the letter. She wouldn’t let 8.Tom is ill. He became ill three days ago. Tom has
13. 9.I can’t give up smoking, but I’d like to. I wish . 10.She often writes to him and he often writes to her. They 11.If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. Unless 12.Jane is a better cook than Mary. Mary can’t . 13.Jack is too young to get married. Jack is not 14.I don’t really want to go to the museum. I’d rather 15.Despite taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert. Although 16.She made herself ill because she worked very hard. She worked so 17.The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down. It was such 18.Nobody can solve this problem. This problem 19.The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. The man who 20.That girl is very beautiful. What 21.Bill is not old enough to drive a car. Bill is too 22.His house is not as comfortable as hers. Her house is . 23.It is said that he is 108 years old. He is said . 24.Tom said : “I’m feeling ill.” Tom said that 25.I got all the information I need from Tom. Tom provided 26.Ann said to Bill : “Don’t forget to have your appoinment with Mr.Brown.” Ann reminded 27.They don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly. If 28.She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money. If . 29.She was very stupid when she went out in the rain. It was 30.I am always nervous when I travel by air. Travelling by air . 31.The last time I saw her was in 1985. I haven’t . 32.That meal was excellent. How . 33.That factory is producing more and more pollution. More and more pollution 34.We must leave now or we’ll miss the train. If 35.She is a faster and more careless driver than I am. She drives 36.How old do you think this building is ? When do you think 37.He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Jane to his party. He wishes 38.This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping. This is 39. We spent five hours getting to London. It . 40.When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home. On . 41.I hope to see you at Christmas. I’m looking forward 42.I’ve never seen such a mess in my life. Never in my life . 43.Don’t try to escape. It’s no use. It’s no use 44.It won’t be difficult to get a ticket for the concert. You won’t have any 45.Whose is this handbag ? Who *EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings: 1.Knowing English is very useful It . 2.It started to snow at 5 o’clock It . 3.Nam is taller than Hung Hung 4.When did you go to bed last night? What ? 5.What time does Nam have to leave? Do you know ? 6.To do morning exercises is good It 7.This book is very boring and so is that one This book is as . 8.Will it be necessary for me to sleep under a net? Shall I have to .? 9.I last read a book on September 20th. I haven’t 10.It is not as warm in Canada as it is in Mexico Mexico 11.An began to be interested in healthy eating 3 years ago. An has been 12.I feel sick if I eat too much ice- cream. Eating 13.I have never seen that play before . It’s 14.They are watching my father’s new car My father’s new car 15.I am sorry, Hoa isn’t coming with us I wish . 16.It is such a heavy book that I can’t lift it The book 17.The farmers spread the trees each week The trees . 18.The sun is much hotter than the moon The moon isn’t 19.You can’t read more quickly than I can I can’t 20.Thank you for helping me It was kind . 21.Staying at home would be better than going out tonight I’d rather 22. Mrs Ha told Ba to carry those books back home Mrs Ha had 23.You can’t understand these things because you are very young. You are not 24.I have so much to do today I wish 25.Tom is a playwright as well as an actor Tom is not only .
14. 26.They did not finish the kitchen on Mon day The kitchen 27. The last time I saw Lan was at Tam’ sbirthday party I 28.What did he tell you? I need to know 29.Where did they go on holiday ? Do you know ? 30.Where is the dentist’s office? Could you tell me .? 31.How many people are there in our school? We want to know .? 32.This shirt is too dirty for me to wear . This shirt 33.Boiling an egg is not difficult It 34.The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids The pyramids . 35.Cairo is hotter than Lon don Lon don isn’t 36.It’ s two years since I was jast in Ha noi I have not . 37.She is overweight because she eats too much meat If she 38.That road is so narrow that cars can not park here (too) 39.Ba is both talented and handsome (not only .but also 40.I don’t know any thing about her family (wish) 41.I advise you to wear a coat when you go out (had better) 42.Do you have a cheaper pen than that one? (cheapest) 43. I saw Linda last on New year’s Day (since) 44. Hoa prefers to play ping pong (would rather) 45. I don’t like to watch TV (dislike) 46. “I have visited this beauty spot many times” said my father My father told me 47.People say that he is a famous singer It 48.The police man does not run so fast as the thief The thief 49.This boy is very stupid. I can’t teach him math (too) 50.The novel is very interesting We . 51.Their advanture is very surprising All of us 52.The long walk is very tiring They 53.His funny story is amusing The children . 54.You will catch a cold if you don’t wear your fur coat Unless 55.I haven’t seen this man here before This . 56.It’s a great pity you wrote that letter I wish 57.Did you enjoy yourself last night? (time) 58. I don’t want to go to the party tonight I don’t feel like 59.She can’t have more children because of her age She is too 60.He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful If 61.Tom and Mary moved to Paris 20 years ago It is . 62.I haven’t seen so much rain for along time It 63.Please, explain this letter for me! Please tell me 64.It is high time for us to go home It is high time we 65.You can’t go in to this restaurant without a jacket and tie Unless 66.The question was so difficult that no one could answer it It was such 67.She hasn’t finished the letter yet This letter 68.He isn’t good at English. He can’t get a job. If. 69.Mary doesn’t spend much money. She spent much money last month Mary doesn’t 70.The weather isn’t fine. We can’t go for a walk in the woods If 71.I’ll ask someone to make a new dress I’ll have 72.The bridge might be built in a hurry People . 73.You really should be able to dress yourself by now It’s high time 74.I wish I hadn’t told him what we were planning to do that evening I regret 75.I have never eaten with knives and folks before This is 76.“Why don’t you ask Tom for help, Mary?” Ba said Ba suggested . 77.Ba is too young to see horror films Ba is not 78.They should quit smoking They had 79.They once started these machines by hand. They used to . 80.He works hard and he will pass the exam If he . 81.Ba is a new comer, and so was Tom Both . 82.This lecture bores me I am . 83.This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted I 84.She left university 2 years ago It’s . 85.They had sold the house at the end of the road The house . 86. It’s careless of you to leave the window open last night. You should not 87.You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry Unless 88.We couldn’t go to shool because it rained Because of 89.Although he is old, he often plays tennis Inspite of
15. 90.Tom is not used to working so hard Tom is in 91.The day was so cold that we stayed indoor It 92.The man was too tired to keep on working The man was so . 93.TV programmes attract so many viewers. They can satisfy every taste Because 94.He is not good at English, He can’t get the job If 95.Nam washes his car every week Nam wishes his car 96.He used to wait there all the time He used to wait there 97.My friend had the storekeeper deliver the book case My friend asked 98.My brother can be so annoying some times I am . 99.Mai was encouraged by the news The news . 100.Ba made that dress himself The dress . 101.I have never read such a romantic story This is . 102.Everyone heard about the accident before I did I was the 103.The film star wore dark glasses so that no one would recognize him The film star avoid 104.We didn’t arrive in time to see her We weren’t early 105.If you don’t have a rest, you really will be ill Unless 106.The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it The water was not 107.Ba was arrested by the police The police 108.There are a number of people waiting to see you A number of people 109.I hope to see you at Christmas I am 110.Your hair is too long, You’d better have it cut Your hair 111.Are you against working on Sunday? Do you object ? 112.I have to writes 6 letter a day There are 113.People always laugh at his funny face, he doesn’t like it He dislikes . 114.You are not permitted to smoke in the hall Smoking . 115.I wish I had gone on holiday with my friend I regret 116.Tom’s father no longer smokes cigarettes No 117.This baby rarely cries during the night Rarely 118.People did not discover Aids until 1981 Not until . 119. I seldom come there ay night Seldom 120.We have never seen such a wonderful sight before Never 121.Those students arrived late because they had an accident Because of 122. Tom was worried because of the heavy traffic Because the 123.I regret not finishing my home work at the weekend I wish . 124.Ba ate too much and then felt sick. If 125.It started to rain at 2 o’clock It has . 126.She and I had never been there before Neither 127.It was such good weather that we went swimming The weather 128.I can’t see that far It is too . 129.I’d rather not see him tomorrow I don’t 130.After many years of hard work,he retired Ater he 131.With the money he has saved, he can buy a house His saving money 132.We had to wait two hours for Ba Ba kept 133.It is difficult for us to make ends meet these days We find 134.I am sorry, I interruped your dinner I oppologized 134. He does almost no work He hardly . 135.It was such good weather that we went swimming. The weather 136.It's very difficult to leave here after such a long time. It isn't 137.That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there. It is such 138.You can't visit Moscow unless you get a visa. If you 139.Reading scientific books is one of my interest. I'm 140.Jane is the tallest girl in her class. Nobody 141.His parents made him study for his exam. He was made 142.Peter said he wasn't feeling well . Peter said " I 143.I'm pleased that we shall meet again soon. I'm looking 144. I have never met a famous person before. It is 145.He said “I will go to school tomorrow.” He said 146.“What kind of books do you read?” They asked Huong. They asked Huong 147.The police has just caught the thief. The thief 148.My classmate, Lan, loves to write letters. My classmate, Lan, enjoys 149.Ba is taller than Hung. Hung 150.They are going to build a new school here. A new school 151.The last time I saw him was in 1995. I haven’t 152.The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it . The furniture was too .
16. 153.Unless he phones immediately he won’t get any information. If . 154.We will solve the problem next week. The problem 155.The naught boys always draw on the wall. I wish . 156.“ Would you like to go with me to the market , Mai ? ”- Ha said Ha invited 157. “I’ll see you tomorrow, John.” Peter told John 158. “I left my umbrella here two days ago.” Susan told them *EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings: 1.Tom wrote that letter.- That letter 2. Do you know the man ? The man lives next door to me.- Do you 3. The sentence is not correct. It is on the blackboard.- The sentence 4. They built a stadium near the river.- A stadium 5. The keepers feed the lions at 3 p.m everyday.- The lions 6. The worker didn’t know our address. He was sent to help me.- The worker 7. The book were arranged into sections by the librarian.- The librarian 8. They live in a house. It was built in 1990.- They live 9. We’ve always got library cards. They are issued at the begining.- We’ve 10. Our children do a lot of homework.- A lot of 11. The girl is standing there. Do you know her ?- Do you know ? 12. Is this bladder mended by Mr. Green ?- Does Mr. Green ? 13. I was given this address by a man. I met him on the bus.- I was 14. Is this the book ? You asked me for that book .- Is this ? 15. The clothes look pretty because of the color.- The color makes 16. People usually cooked on wood fires.- People used to 17. We came late because of the traffic jam.- The traffic jam 18. The gate is very wide. A truck can go through the gate.- The gate 19. The girl won the contest. We had met her at the clib.- The girl 20. Jack cleaned the window last week.- The window 21. The child ran out because of the strange noise.- The strange noise 22. I don’t know why she continues to look at me.- I don’t know why she 23. The subject is English. I like to study it.- The subject 24. He often went fishing when he was young.- He used to 25. You don’t ask me so I don’t lend you my car.- If you 26. He is the pupil. You might want to make friends with him.- He is 27. Jane won’t get good marks next semester.- Jane wishes 28. I’m sorry that I don’t finish my homework.- I wish 29. We don’t have a bike so we can’t go there for a picnic.- If we 30. It’s a pity that he doesn’t take the doctor’s advice.- I wish 31. They are repairing the house. They bought it in July.- They are 32. The longest table is covered with green paper. It’s in the corner of the room.- The longest table 33. It’s a pity that you can’t come to the theater with me.- I wish 34. Lan is fat because she doesn’t do any morning exercise.- If 35. This is the first student. He came this morning.- This is 36. She is tired., so she can’t eat.- If she 37. They have celebrated Teachers’ Day largely since 1982.- Teachers’ Day 38. The stadium looked very large. The match was held in the stadium.- The stadium 39. Birthday is a day. People get gifts from that day.- Birthday is 40. A lot of money has been spent on advertising in recent years.- They 41. That is the restaurant, and we often meet each other there.- That is the restaurant 42. The fire has destroyed many houses.- Many houses 43. Do you know the time? You met her at that time .- Do you ? 44. Has the New Year celebration been considered a great holiday ?- Have we ? 45. Mrs Green keeps this school library.- This school 46. We laughed a lot because of the funny clowns.- The clowns 47. The children talks about the lion- tamer. They admired him.- The children 48. We can’t go to the seashore this weekend.- I wish 49. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.- Unless 50. The train couldn’t run because of the snow.- The snow 51. They have just made a big cake for that birthday party.- A big cake 52. We work hard all day .- We wish 53. We stayed home because of his lateness.- His lateness 54. I don’t know the girl. You went with her last night.- I don’t know 55. They continued to ask about you.- They kept 56. The air isn’t pure and they don’t feel healthy.- If 57. The boys are planting some trees in the garden.- Some trees 58. They painted the walls last week.- The walls 59. I’m sorry that he isn’t with us now.- I wish 60. He doesn’t send me letters because he doesn’t like me.- If he
17. 61. Some one was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.- The coffee 62. We began to learn English three years ago.- We have 63. The farmers are cutting the grass now.- The grass 64. They are mending your shoes at the moment.- Ypour shoes 65. No one knows what is being built there.- No one knows what they 66. The men are rebuilding the bridge which collapsed last year.- The bridge 67. I am on holiday so I won’t watch the match between the Army Club and the Hanoi Police.- If 68. She sent him a letter after she had gone away.- He 69. I just talked to the girl. I can never remember her name.- I just talked to the girl 70. He died after he had been ill for seven years.- He had been 71. The librarian wants to talk to the man. We borrowed his car yesterday.- The librarian 72. People sell apples on the street corner.- Apples 73. Do you know the woman ? We are sharing a flat with her son.- Do you 74. This cheque has not been signed.- No one 75. My brother is not a doctor.- I wish 76. The children did all their homework, then they went to bed. - The children went to bed 77. We don’t visit Hanoi because the tickets are expensive.- If 78. We have told him not to do it again.- He 79. He finished his dinner. He stood up and left the room.- As soon as 80. He could not find it in time because he did not start working.- If 81. He is sorry now that he didn’t take part in the trip.- He wished. 82. The teacher made all the students do this test.- All the students 83. He didn’t trained hard, so he couldn’t break the record.- If 84. Tom is soory he didn’t watch the game last night.- He wishes 85. They fell asleep because of the boring film.- The boring film 86. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.- If we 87. She can’t walk any more because she is too weak.- Because of her 88. What a pity you failed your the driving test.- I wish 89. He hasn’t seen Peter yet.- Peter 90. The buses do not stop. They are full.- Since 91. I didn’t go to USA. I didn’t see a lot of beautiful sights there.- If 92. They will build a new station here.- A new station 93. The underground is both quicker and cheaper.- The underground is not only 94. Someone may pick you up at the hotel.- You 95. The flight to Hanoi lasted two hours.- It took 96. Foreign languages are not easy to learn.- It 97. She didn’t prepare her lesso, so she got bad marks.- As she 98. The children did the exercise in 15 minutes.- It 99. We can see many houses from the brigde.- Many houses 100. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.- If we 101. I prefer playing tennis to football. - I would rather 102. The floor will be cleaned by Jane.- Jane 103. That boy is very serious about his school work: his father is a teacher.- That boy, whose 104. I haven’t read Dicken’s novel.- I wish 105. I didn’t come to the party because I wasn’t invited.- If I 106. He couldn’t drive fast. The trafic was heavy.- Because 107. You may use pencils to draw a map.- Pencils 108. I didn’t know she was in hospital, so I didn’t come to see her.- If I 109. He rode to school in about ten minutes last year.- It took 110. It’s a pity I don’t know where she is.- I wish 111. The football match attracted thousands of football fans.- Thousands of football fans 112. Because the buses are full up, they don’t stop,- If 113. The man has asked his daughter to buy the cheaper shirt.- The man has had 114. She is a very good singer.- She sings 115. Mr. Taylor fixed the washing machine for my mother.- My mother had 116. People believe that there will be a lot of rain this week.- It 117. The teacher asked the students to do their homework carefully.- The teacher had 118. The patient had the doctor test his eyes.- The patient wanted 119. They want to sit in the morning sunlight.- They enjoy 120. My father helped my uncle to look aftre his house when he went on a trip to Europe.- My uncle 121. If your son doesn’t get up early, he’ll be late for school.- Unless 122. Waste products from this factory polluted the river.- The river 123. They forced the poor boy to work harder.- They made 124. He helped his father repair the gate.- We see him 125. A child was swimming across the Saigon river.- I saw 126. Today is my birthday. I’m very busy.- Unless 127. They could see the birds flying up from bushes.- The birds could 128. The detective saw the woman putting th jewllery in her bag.- The woman
18. 129. The teacher gave them some good books.- They 130. She felt ill, but she went to school.- She felt ill 131. I saw him run across the street.- He was seen 132. I’ll show you the stadium. It was built two years ago.- I’ll show you the stadium 133. He doesn’t get up late. He used to get up late during his holiday.- He doesn’t get up as 134. The paper is cheap. It is bad.- The cheaper 135. Jane cooks well. Alice cooks well, too.- Alice 136. I can’t remember the place. We met each other at that place.- I can’t 137. He became poorer because he spent too much money.- The more 138. Mr Pike designed that bridge in 1945.- That bridge 139. Tom doesn’t drive as fast as he used to.- Tom used to 140. They have had plans to recycle waste paper so that they saved money and labour.- In order to 141. If the fruit is fresh, it tastes good.- The fresher 142. He slept much, and he felt very tired.- The more 143. They covered the shelves with a coat of paint.- The shelves 144. She used to spend a lot of money but she doesn’t now.- Now she doesn’t spend 145. The package was too heavy for Peter to crry.- The package was so 146. The boy is too young to understand the story.- The boy isn’t 147. The house was so clean that they could sleep on the floor.- The house was clean 148. He never listens to anyone because he is very impatient.- He is too 149. I live very far school, so I can’t walk there.- I live too 150. This tea is very hot, so I can’t drink it.- This tea is 151. He can’t reach the top self because he’s not very tall.- He is not 152. We like to watch the programs for children.- We enjoy 153. Tom is too young to go to the movies himself.- He 154. He didn’t meet his friends yesterday.- He wishes 155. Nobody has seen him since last week.- He 156. It was such a long homework that I couldn’t finish it.- The homework 157. The lessons are difficult. We try hard.- The more 158. The car was so expensive that we couldn’t afford to buy it.- The car was too 159. It is too cold for us to go out.- It is not 160. We haven’t used paper economically. We should use it economically.- We 161. The suitcase was too heavy for the boy to carry.- The suitcase was so 162. I will ask someone to translate this letter for you.- I will have this letter 163. He was very tired, and he couldn’t eat.- He was too 164. If you eat much vegetables, you will feel healthy.- The more 165. The exercises were long. They were easy.- The longer 166. He’s very old, so he can’t work hard.- He’s too 167. It was very late, so we stopped working.- It was late enough 168. Tom wanted Peter to wash his car. - Tom had 169. Football was their favourite sport. They didn’t watch the match.- Although 170. The story was so boring that I turned off the light and went to bed.- It was such 171. “Oliver Twist” was written by Charles Dicken.- Charles Dicken 172. The program was good enough to satisfy every of us.- The program was so 173. I’ve met so many people that I can’t remember all their names.- I’ve met such 174. I got up too late this morning, but I didn’t come to class late.- Although 175. Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy.- The piano 176. The novel was so interesting that I have read it many time.- It was 177. There was such a lot of milk that we couldn’t drink it all .- There was so 178. The milk is so good that every one wants some more.- It is such 179. In spite of his broken lag, he manage to get out of the car.- Although 180. We had a test that lasted thirty minutes.- We had 181. There was a cow in the street, all the cars stopped.- Because of 182. People say that this restaurant is very expensive.- This restaurant 183. I often ask him for advice because he is one of my close friends.- As 184. People say that he writes this novel.- He is 185. He devoted all his time to patients because he was a doctor.- As 186. Peter has a bookcase with five shelves.- Peter has 187. Somebody told the children to wait outside.- The children 188. The square was full of cinema fans although it rained heavily.- In spite of 189. Today isn’t Sunday. We can’t have an interesting picnic.- If today 190. He died when he was 60 years old.- He died at 191. The train journey from London to Bristol takes two hours.- It is a 192. She hates people looking at her.- She hates 193. They wanted to go on a trip to Nha Trang last year, but they had no money.- If they 194. The woman is very friendly. Her daughter is a friend of mine.- The woman 195. How long have you waited the answer ?- When ? 196. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.- If we
19. 197. When did you start learning English ?- How long ? 198. He is a fast runner.- He runs 199. We practice English often. We speak it well.- The more 200. People believe that dogs are the most faithful pets.- Dogs 201. Tom is not here, so he can’t help us.- If Tom 202. Newspapers are sold everywhere in the city.- People 203. It was such an interesting film that none of us wanted to miss it.- The film was 204. They use cement and iron for building house.- Cement 205. I want to give you some advice because I am your close friend.- As your 206. I’m not tall. I can’t reach that picture on the wall.- I’m not tall enough 207. Since you haven’t finished your homework, you can’t come with them.- If you 208. He paid all his depts.- The lender begged him 209. Mr Brown has read a novel by Charles Dickens. He has seen his film.- Mr Brown has not only 210. They say the doctor has made a serious mistake.- The doctor 211. My brother is too young to go to school.- My brother is not 212. I can’t cook as well as my sister does.- My sister 213. Mr Spencer mended the washing machine for me.- I had 214. It was raining heavily yesterday, but they went to school.- Although 215. The TV film is so attractive that our parents see it through.- It is such 216. Dick raised a very interesting question.- A very interesting question 217. He couldn’t go to the English Speaking Clup because he was sick.- He was so 218. He can’t do this exercise because it is very difficult.- It is such 219. People say that the weather is very fine there.- The weather 220. They built a new school in that village.- A new school 221. He should turn off the light before leaving.- I asked him 222. The trip lasted two days.- It was a 223. Her father is a good teacher, so all students love him.- Her father is such 224. The woman has told the children the funny stories.- The children 225. He loves children very much because he is the father of a large family.- As the father Writing exercise 1) I only made that terrible mistake because I wasn’t thinking. If 2) We had planned to visit grandmother, so we left early in the morning. We were 3) Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building. No sooner 4) As television programmes become more popular, they seem to get worse. The more 5) “I think the whole idea’s ridiculous,” he said. He dismissed 6) The authorities will prosecute anyone they find trespassing on this land. Anyone found 7) I prefer going out for a meal to staying at home. I’d rather 8) It would have been a super weekend if it hadn’t been for the weather. But 9) “You should have waited for us,” the team leader said to John. The team leader criticized Try to do ( Cố làm gì ): We tried to learn hard.( Chúng tôi đã cố học chăm chỉ ) Try doing smt ( Thử làm gì ): We tried cooking this food.( Chúng tôi đã thử nấu món ăn này ) *There’s no harm in +V-ing :There’s no harm in asking her to lend you money. I’m sure she won’t get angry. *In time to-inf : Set off late but he arrived in time to catch the train *In time for : I must get home in time for lunch *Do someone a favour : Could you do me a favour ? I need to borrow some money *A large / small number of plural noun :She tends to make a large number of phone calls / I live in a small village with a small number of shops. *A large / small amount of uncountable noun : I try to save a small amount of money every month *A great deal of uncountable noun = a lot of : I feel a great deal of anger about it. *The minority of uncountable noun / plural noun / singular noun : -You’ve eaten the minority of bread / He thinks that minority of jobs are boring / He eats minority of his meal at home