Tổng hợp các topic môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10

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1. TWE Essays 252/292 (Essay ID: 501. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 173 I don't think it's a very good idea to borrow money from a friend. It can cause resentment and awkwardness in the relationship. How do you approach your friend without making him feel he has to do this for you? It's unlikely he'll feel as if he can turn you down. Can he turn you down without insulting you? Probably not. How do you know whether your friend can afford to lend you the money? He may be embarrassed to admit he's a little short of funds himself. Or he might not want to disappoint you. So he lends you the money and then he needs money, too. There's also the question of when you'll pay back the loan. It's awkward for your friend to ask for a deadline for repayment. Besides, if you're short of funds, you may not be able to predict when you'll pay him back. What about interest on the loan? If it's a small amount of money, this doesn't matter. However, if large funds are involved, and you won't be paying it back for a while, should you offer to pay interest? Should your friend ask you to pay interest? All these issues can result in hurt feelings and can harm the friendship. It's possible, of course, that if you borrow money from a friend and pay it back in a timely fashion, this will create a special bond between the two of you. You'll know that you can count on your friend when you need help. He'll know you're trustworthy. However, more often than not, money issues between friends are an embarrassment. If you need money, it's better to go to a bank for a loan. (Essay ID: 54 ) Topic: 174 The principal differences between my generation and my parents' generation are in how they relate to others. My generation is more tolerant of other people's choices, less concerned about what others think, and more self-centered. My parents' generation has stricter standards about what kinds of behavior are acceptable. They sometimes have a hard time accepting the fact that other people may have different ideas about what's right and what's wrong. My generation thinks people should have a lot of choices. For example, they choose whom they want to live with, whether or not to have children, whether or not to practice a particular religion, and what to do for a living. My parents (generation is much more concerned about what other people think of them. Many grew up in tightly knit communities where people knew each other's families. Fitting in meant that you had to act a certain way. Many of my generation grew up in loosely knit communities, where we only knew about our closest neighbors. We didn't care what the rest of the community thought of us. Also, we were a very rebellious generation and often did things just to shock people. Wherever we grew up, most of my generation didn't have to worry about having enough to eat or a roof over our heads. My parents' generation did. They grew up during the Great Depression, when many people were poor. For this reason, my parents didn't have time to analyze their feelings or think about their inner selves. They were too busy trying to get by. Children of my generation were well taken care of by their parents. Because of that, we had time to think about 252
2. TWE Essays 253/292 ourselves and our place in the universe. As adults, many of us have continued to be self-absorbed. We join health clubs to be perfect in body and go into therapy to be perfect in mind. When I think about our actions, it seems that my parents' generation is more "outer" directed and my generation is more "inner directed." (Essay ID: 55 ) Topic: 175 In my country, the lecture system is the most common system. It is the one I prefer for three reasons: I am used to the lecture system; it is an efficient system; I am too shy to talk in class. All my life, I have listened to teachers. They come into the room, open their books, and start to lecture. We students sit quietly at our desks and take notes. We never ask questions because we don't want to seem stupid. At the end of the course, we are given a test. If we can repeat on the test what the teacher said in class, we will get a good grade. The lecture system is an efficient one. The teacher is the one who knows the subject, not the students. It is a waste of time listening to a student's ideas. What good will that do me? Time is short. I want the teacher to give me as much information as he or she can during the class period. Even if we could talk in class, I would never open my mouth. I am much too shy. I would be afraid the other students would laugh at me and make fun of my ideas. I prefer to listen to the teacher and memorize the teacher's ideas. I hope I can always study in a school where they use the lecture system. I think it is better to continue with what one is used to. I also think that there is a lot of information that I must learn in the most efficient manner possible. I wouldn't want to interrupt a teacher with my foolish questions. (Essay ID: 56 ) Topic: 176 Most countries already have many holidays. In my country, China, we have nineteen official holidays. However, I believe that my new holiday, "Walking Day" would be very beneficial and should be added to the nineteen holidays China already has. In this essay, I will outline the three main reasons why "Walking Day" would be a very good holiday. First, walking is good exercise. As we all know, people all over the world are becoming busier and busier. They are studying more and more so that they can have better jobs. When they work, they are working more and more. As a result, people have less time for other important things in their lives, including exercise. We can read reports in the newspapers everyday about people who have worse health and complain about poor health condition. Many of these problems could be reduced by exercising more and walking is one of the best and simplest exercises for people. Second, by walking, we can reduce pollution and thereby protect the environment. As technology improves all over the world and people have more and more money, they are starting to use this money to buy automobiles. As a result, people are using public transportation less and less. Driving one's own car every day has had a very large impact on the environment as a result of the pollution created by gas burning automobiles. Walking is the perfect way to reduce pollution since there are so many other benefits as well. 253
3. TWE Essays 254/292 Finally, by walking, people can slow down the pace of their lives. Perhaps this is one of the greatest benefits of walking more. Life at the beginning of the new millennium is stressful people are competing with each other for better jobs, countries and companies are competing with each other for business. Many people start to forget about the importance of slowing down in their lives, of simply enjoying the moment. People need to contemplate life more. Walking is a perfect opportunity to slow down, think about life, and simply enjoy the big, beautiful world that we live in. Finally, we could celebrate this holiday by encouraging people to walk instead of driving or taking the bus for at least one trip during the day. I believe that people could find at least one trip during the day that they could make on foot instead of some other form of transportation. For example, if people usually drive to a large supermarket to buy food, perhaps they could walk to a closer, smaller market to buy only a few things. I believe that while people were walking, they would be able to enjoy the exercise and the fresh air and would be able to think calmly and clearly. In short, if I had to create a new holiday, I would create "Walking Day" because of the many simple benefits it could provide us. (Essay ID: 57 . Sample essay provided by Erin Billy of www.TestMagic.com) Topic: 176 October 24 is Union Nations Day. The day is noted in the calendars, but not observed as a holiday around the world. I want the entire world to celebrate the birth of the United Nations because of its attempts to promote peace, education, and health around the world. Peace is the most important thing that we can have today. The sooner that we can stop war the sooner we can all have better lives. There are countries around the world that have been at war for generations. In some of these countries, UN Peacekeepers have temporarily stopped the violence so people can go about their lives. If this peace could be made lasting, the lives of these citizens would be much richer. The UN actively works to promote education. Universal literacy is one of its important goals. Every child in the world deserves to know how to read and write. The UN is also involved in job training for adults. The age of information technology demands new job skills.-The UN works with continuing education programs around the world so workers are not left out of the job market. The UN has played an instrumental role in the eradication of smallpox. Polio vaccines and AIDS- awareness programs have also helped reduce the incidence of these diseases. There is a lot to be done in these areas. Much of the work of the UN is unknown and underappreciated. If we want to live in a peaceful world, where every child can attend school and where every citizen has access to health care, we need to support the work of the UN. We need to recognize its importance and celebrate its birthday. (Essay ID: 58 ) Topic: 177 Between going on vacation and buying a car, I would like my friend to buy a car. Below is why. 254
4. TWE Essays 255/292 The first and most important reason is that a car can bring him convenience. Undoubtedly, nowadays people rely on cars for transportation more than ever before. For example, when he drives a car to go shopping, he may feel more convenient and can pick up more groceries than before because he can put groceries in the car trunk instead of carrying them by hands. Furthermore, when he wants to pick somebody up, or travel to a scenic spot, a car will make him feel convenient. Another great reason why I encourage my friend to buy a car is that my friend will not spend much time on commuting anymore. Everyday we waste too much time on waiting for a bus or riding a bicycle to work. We all experienced the frustration of taking a bus. After having their own cars, such the problems will disappear automatically. Of course, if my friend decides to use his money to go on a vacation, I think that there are some advantages also. For example a vacation may increase his personal experience and knowledge, and may even reduce many troubles that are related to a car. But if all the factors are contemplated, I think that the advantages of buying the car will carry more weight than those of going on vacation. From what has been discussed above, I may safely draw the conclusion that buying a car will be correct choice for my friend. (Essay ID: 59 ) Topic: 177 Trying to decide how to use your money is always tough. Should you use your money to buy a car or go on a vacation? Both afford lasting pleasure, but of a very different kind. From a vacation you get the pleasure of doing wonderful things and of totally relaxing and enjoying yourself. The memories you bring home with you can give you that same pleasure again every time you think of them. A car also gives you pleasure, every time you drive it. There's the pleasure of not having to depend on public transportation. You can go places off the beaten track, where public transportation doesn't go. There is also the pleasure of being independent. You are able to go anywhere your car can take you, without depending on others. A vacation gives you the opportunity to learn new things and meet new and interesting people. However, it's only for a short period of time. A car gives you the same opportunities on a smaller level, but on a more regular basis. With a car, you can go someplace new every weekend. You can also join a car pool. That way you can share travel expenses with the new people you meet. Some people might say that spending your money on a vacation instead of on a car is being impractical. But nothing is as satisfying as a really good vacation. It's mentally and physically healthy. It gives you a chance to get away from all that is familiar to you and see the world from a new perspective. It lets you do nothing but play, the way you did when you were a child. Being able to play, even for a short period of time, is absolutely necessary for everyone's mental health. I would choose the vacation, because we all deserve to indulge ourselves sometimes. (Essay ID: 60 ) Topic: 178 255
5. TWE Essays 256/292 Now that we are in a new millennium, we can assume there will be changes in the world. I predict that the changes will be in the areas of information dissemination, global alliances, and family structure. In the past decades, the computer was responsible for changing the way information was organized. Now, the computer plus the Internet is changing the way information is spread. Information will now be universally available to anyone with a computer. You will not have to go to libraries to do research; you will not have to travel to visit scholars; you will not have to go to a bookstore to buy a book. You can do all of this from your home on the computer. In the past decades, the nations of the world aligned themselves with the United States, the former Soviet Union, or with one another in a loose alliance. In the future, these alliances will be more fluid. Some countries will align politically with one country, but economically with another. Some countries will share technology and other information, but will not trade together. Some countries, which have long been enemies, will align militarily for regional security. The family structure will not be based on a mother/father/child pattern. Single parent families will be more common and often the child will not be a biological child of the single parent, but will be adopted. Other family structures like domestic partnerships will become more accepted. Whatever the changes may be, whether in the way we receive information, the way nations align with one another, or the way family units are defined, you can be sure that there will be more change. Change is a constant. (Essay ID: 61 ) Topic: 179 Different parents have different methods to teach their own children. When faced with the decision of what some of the qualities of a good parent are, each person has his own opinion. From my point of view, I consider that consideration, encouragement, communication, and care are the qualities of a good parent. There are numerous reasons why I hold the above opinion, and I would explore only a few of the important ones here. The primary reason why I persist in the above opinion is that these qualities help parents and children to understand each other. For example, consideration is a key to good relationships between parents and their children. When parents stand at children's point of view, it is easier for them to understand why children is behaving like that, and what they are thinking. This is will give parents a full understanding, and they will be able to find a suitable method to teach his children what to do correctly and how to do on such a thing. By such consideration and communication, children, of course, can accept their parent's advice. Meanwhile they can eliminate the so-called "generation gap", and the relationship between parents and their children is getting along very well. Another factor which should deserve some words is that these qualities can promote children to make progress. For instance, encouragement is an effective way for a parent to teach his children. When a child fails to do something, because of his limited knowledge and experience, if his parent can encourage the child to do it again and help the child analyze the reason why what he has done is wrong. Then the child can learn more knowledge and will try it again, and he will succeed in doing such a thing finally. What is more, these qualities help children grow up healthily. When parents take care of their children, children can feel family’s care and can stay at home very happy. This is very useful for 256
6. TWE Essays 257/292 children to grow up healthily. With these, children can form excellent character and be confident in doing things. In a word, to be a good parent is not an easy thing, but with parents’ effort, each parent can do it very well. From what I have stated above, you may agree with my statement that consideration, encouragement, communication and care are the qualities of a good parent. (Essay ID: 471. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 179 I am fortunate to have good parents so it is easy for me to identify the qualities that make them good. These qualities are unconditional love, trust, and respect for me and my brothers and sisters. All mothers and fathers love their children. They nurture them and keep them from harm. But not all love is unconditional. Some parents would not love their children if they married someone of a different religion or from a different ethnic group. Some parents would not love their children if they were of a different sexual orientation. My parents would. My parents-would love us regardless of whom we married or whom we chose to love. Part of unconditional love is trust. My parents trust us to do what is right. They know we would never do anything to hurt them or to disgrace them. They trust us so we trust them. We are confident that they would never do anything to hurt us. Because our parents love us, they also respect us. They treat us as individuals. They accept our differences. They do not expect us to be like them. They want us to be our own persons. They want us to make our own way in the world, not follow in their footsteps. Without their love, I would not be as confident as I am. Without their trust, I would not be free to do what I want. Without their respect, I would not feel comfortable being on my own. All children should have such wonderful parents. (Essay ID: 62 ) Topic: 180 Like most young guys I like movies very much. If you ask me why movies are so popular I think there are 4 reasons. Firstly, movies in English are an effective tool for learning English. I remember when I went to XingDongFang school to study English I always worried about my poor listening skill. Then I accepted a teacher’s advice and started to watch some English movies. What made me happy was that I can guess what the characters in the movies say and I can learn some useful words and expressions from them. Gradually I found that English is not so difficult to understand and it became more and more interesting to me. Now I can say movies not only improve my listening skill but also make me more interestest in learning English. Secondly, movies can satisfy different people's need. Some married people like romantic movies. From those they can know what true love is. Some young people like action movies. Some older people may like classic movies that can remind the past things. So it is obvious that movie can enrich people's spiritual life. Thirdly, movies can open people's eyes. Now with the modern technique, scientist can show 257
7. TWE Essays 258/292 people what outside space look like in movies. Geologists can show people what earth looks like millions of years ago. It is through movies that people can know cultures from many other foreign countries without traveling. In a word, movie has been a part of people's life. Nevertheless I don't think that movies like horrible movies and porn movies are good for all people; everyone knows that young people can mimic language and behaviors that the movie showed easily so that a movie rating system is necessary. (Essay ID: 425 ) Topic: 180 Have you ever seen a film that tears your tear? Have you ever impressed on the movie about a love story? Have you ever found a lot of things that you did not know from movies? If you do, I believe that you will know why movies are popular all over the world. Among countless factors with the popularity of movies, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The main reason for its popularity is we can learn many things from movies. From a movie about love, we can learn how to communicate with our lovers when there are some crisis between our emotion. From a movie about history, we can learn what has happened before and how the mankind evolved. From a movie about war, we can learn how cruel the war is, and how important the peace is. Another reason can be seen by every person is that movies have become the relaxation mode little by little. In a silver moonlight, it is so romantic to go to see a love story movie with your girlfriend or your boyfriend. Even you can imitate the story that happened in the movie with your girlfriend or boyfriend, I believe you can find it is very funny, and it will be a deep impression on the love between you and he or she. Furthermore, I think movies are just like art. A good art will attract lots of people, so a creative movie will also be popular all over the world. With the developing of the technology, I am sure more and more good movies will be created by the director and other movie workers. From all we have discussed, there is no doubt that movie is one of the most popular entertainment all over the world. (Essay ID: 384 ) Topic: 180 Movies are popular because people are great watchers. They like to watch other peoples' lives. They like to live vicariously. By going to movies, we can escape our own lives, share other emotions, and imagine ourselves as someone else. Many of our lives are not as adventurous or glamorous as the lives in movies. We do not battle evil all day long and then go back to our luxurious penthouse apartment. We just go to school, do our homework, eat, talk to our friends, and sleep. We need a little excitement in our lives and we find excitement at the movies. Humans are very emotional people. We all like to cry and laugh. Fortunately, there is not much to cry about in my life so I like to go to sad movies where my heart strings can be tugged. I also like to go to comedies so I can laugh. I tend to cry and laugh more in a dark movie theater than I do in 258
8. TWE Essays 259/292 broad daylight. Now lama student, but I know someday I will be a scientist or a politician or a famous model. When I go to the movies, I can see my role models. I see how they act, what they wear, how they talk. I can prepare myself for the day when I will be like them. Even though my life is quiet, I can go to the movies and watch someone else's life. I can share their emotions and their everyday life. I wonder if they would like to share mine. (Essay ID: 63 ) Topic: 181 It's hard to deny that with the developing of ecnomics there is more and more land used for housing and industry.But to use land is a two-folded weapen:you may get benifits from it,but in many cases you may meet troubles. For my country,China,which has her children far more than any other country, the need to leave land in its natural condition outweighs the need to develope it for housing and industry.Here are the reasons for it. First,China is one of the most polluted countries in the world.The need for land to be left undevoloped is more necessary now than ever before.Because in this way the land will bring us many plants and beasts,especilly plants, which contribute much to lessen pollution and make the earth a good place for living. Besides,leaving the land alone is important for a country to devolope permanently.If we used up all the land for housing and industry,what shall we leave for our offspings?A polluted earth with her sopping face?That is a problem more and more recognized by many scients and poliotitions alike. The last but not the least,the number of persons live in China is growing rapidly.To leave the land alone now and devolope it when it is necessary and can be used feasibly is the best way to solve the problem refered before. In all,though it is a hard choice,more and more people are aware that the need for land to be left in its natural condition is more than be developed for housing and industry. (Essay ID: 255. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 181 Even though our population is increasing and land is needed for housing and development, I would hope that our country could save the land in its natural state for future generations to enjoy. This land would be good for promoting tourism, for preserving the environment, and for remembering our history. Although tourism has many negative side effects, it is an industry that can create enormous revenues. Tourists of course need something to see. They would not come to our country to see rows of apartment buildings or new industrial parks. What is interesting for tourists is the pristine countryside that our country is known for. Preserving the land as it is, would be good for the environment. More factories and other 259
9. TWE Essays 260/292 industries would further pollute our rivers and air. We need trees and wide open spaces to make us feel like humans, not machines. Untouched land reminds us of our history. When we walk through the countryside, we can imagine our ancestors on the same path. If we cover the earth with asphalt and concrete, we will loose touch with our past. We will forget our roots. Preserving the land is good not only for the economy and the environment, it is good for us as citizens of our soil. We must preserve what little we have left. Can we afford not to? (Essay ID: 64 ) Topic: 182 Human has a long history of feeding pets. With the development of human society more and more people have pets in their families. They love to accompanied by their pets and they look them as their family members. They eat with their pets, stroll with their pets, and even sleep with their pets. And I think having a close relationship with pets is very good for people, the reasons why I say so as follows. First, having a pet is very good for children. Children always need someone to play with them, take care of them, but their parents can't do it all the time. When children have a pet, for example, a dog, they will be attracted by it and spend most of their time playing with it. The children won't feel lonely when their parents can't take care of them. Besides, that also make parents have their own time to do something they need. Second, pets are also good for adults, especially those work under pressure. Now many people work so hard everyday that they don't have time to relax and talk with friends. If they have pets, whenever they get to home they can talk to them, look them as persons, tell them what they are anxious about. This would help people to reduce their pressure and make them have a better mood. Third, most of the owners of pets are senior citizens. That's not a coincidence. Because youngsters leave home for their new lives. They don't have much time to spend with their parents. The old people feel so lonely when they facing the empty rooms. Pets can reduce their loneliness. Old people can take care of them, feed them, talk to them just like taking care of their own children. And the medical research shows that patting pets, such as cats and dogs can reduce the blood pressure, this is also very important to old people. Although sometimes pets make your room a mess, break your favorite vase, even some time they bite you, the advantages of having a close relationship with pets overweight the disadvantages. Have a pet if you like and enjoy it. (Essay ID: 445 ) Topic: 182 Nearly everybody has ever kept one or more pets.There are dogs, cats,birds and even horses and gorillas.Many people treat them just like their own friends, boys or girls,brothers or sisters.But other people dislike keeping pets.Personally,I approve of such relationship because I think pets are so lively and easy-going. First of all,sometimes people have to show their kindness to others.Pets are so beautiful and lively 260
10. TWE Essays 261/292 that everyone likes them.When pets are hungry,people cook delicious food for them,when pets are ill, people take care of them.The owners have to help their pets wash themselves and tell them stories and say goodnight to them. People may find it't very hard and tiring.But they also find they are so omnipotenct and important to their pets. In the other hand,Pets are so reliable and loyal.When the old feel lonely or sad, their pets stay at their sides.people can tell the pets their feelings,dreams and secrets.Not only will the pet listen to he or she, but it will also feel the same feelings as the narrator.They can help people get released and forget the sadness quickly.Pets do be our best friends. Although,as a matter of fact,some people have pointed out that sometimes pets can cause a lot of troubles.They may carry terrible diseases and they hurt you.Other people think the more time playing with pets,the more likely away from the society.That may not be very serious and even true.pets are our good friends,they give us joy and also teach us how to communicate with us and build up friendship.So what we have to know is a little knowledge about protection and prevention. From above,we need no hesitation to say that it is good for people to have a close relationship with their pets. (Essay ID: 506. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 182 I think being very close to a pet can be both a positive and a negative thing. Health professionals have concluded that having a pet is very healthy for everyone. People who have heart disease or similar health problems are often urged to get a pet because it can lower your blood pressure. However, some people get anxious about their pets. If you always worry about the pet getting lost or not getting the right food to eat, then that isn't healthy for you. Many pets are very loving and it's easy to love them back. Some people, though, go overboard. They treat their pets like one of the family. Sometimes they even set a place for them at the table or give them their own rooms in the house. They treat them as if they were children. Some pets are, in fact, substitutes for children. People need to keep their perspective about their pets. Dressing a pet up in clothes like a child is not emotionally healthy. Pets are animals and get confused if you expect them to act like human beings. There are now stores devoted entirely to pets. They sell pet food, pet toys, pet clothes, pet homes. Pets should be given appropriate food, and they should have a few toys, since they need some enjoyment just like humans do. However, some pet owners spend hundreds of dollars on supplies for their pets. There are children in the world who don't have clothes or food or toys. It would be better to give some of that money to charity. Feeling close to your pet can be very satisfying and healthy, as long as you don't overdo it. (Essay ID: 65 ) Topic: 183 Most people like watching movies made from different countries, not only because they can know about these countries' history, what is like in their daily life, but also their various attitude and ideas towards life. 261
11. TWE Essays 262/292 Firstly, movies can reflect a contry's history. Based on different historical backgrounds, movies can give us a lot of information about a country's past. For those who have the background historical knowledge, they can have a better understanding about the movie; while for those who have little knowledge about the history can start to know it from the movie they are watching. For example, many historical movies focus on a certain period of the history. Obviously, each country has a totally different history. Thus, by wathching these movies, we will know more about other countries' history which will help us increase our knowledge and understanding about other countries. Furthermore, movies can show different social and cultural enviroment and various customs, which attract many moviegoers. Although people have more and more chances to travel abroad to see the world, this is not always the case for everyone. Movies give us a convenient way to know more about the outside world. From movies, we get to know that "toast" cab mean different thing to different countries, such as "good luck" to Americans, "bad luck" to Hungarians. From movies, we get to know how Americans live and what food they eat, which bring us closer to the world even when we stay at home. Finally, by wathching movies, we may know other people's attitudes and ideas towards life. Sometimes we may feel depressed or frustrated just because of some small problems in our lives. We alway feel pessimistic toward life, but from movies, we know Americans are optimistic towards their lives even in bad situations. Their attitudes will definitely change our ideas and make us cherish the life. What's more, we may know Americans like to take risks; while Frenches like a relaxed life and Italians like romance. In short, movies are like encyclopedias which can give us much knowledge about other nations we may have no chances to go. Thus we should encourage people to watch more good movies to know the world better. (Essay ID: 240. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 183 As the advance of technology, the understanding and communication among countries are becoming deeper and wider. One of the most important ways for people to understand each other’s culture is by watching films. From watching movies from other countries, we can learn a lot about that country. One important aspect of film of a country is that you can learn about its history. Historical film is one of the most popular themes used by filmmakers. Though U.S. has only a history of two hundred years, their films can give a complete picture and even extended definition of different period of history. From American movies we can learn a lot about what happened during the independent war, the civil war and the recent gulf war. Only movies can give us entertainment as well as a chance to understand history of another country. Another equally important thing about movies is that they can teach us the custom of a country. We can see this clearly from the films about love. From those the large difference of ideology and character among western and eastern countries are shown. For example, a typical romantic story happened in a western film will contain plot as follows, the coincident meeting, the short period of contacting and the quickness of falling in love with each other. But what happens in an eastern movie is quite different. The plot will contain the long period of pursuing from one side, the complex feeling by the appearance of a third person, the last happy time of an experienced love. Love is among many different custom of a country, and by the explanation of films you can surely 262
12. TWE Essays 263/292 get a better understanding of it. Apart from the history and the custom of a country, what people want to know more is the present life and society of a country, then a film will be no doubt the best way to learn about them. It cannot only show the good side of the society but also the problems as well. For example, the films of Hollywood can not only show us the problems such as drug dealing, abusing of guns, the psychological problems of young adults, but also tell us the rapid growth of the economy and the technology of the country. From all those reasons above, watching movies will be undoubtedly the best way to learn about a country well. (Essay ID: 66 . Sample essay provided by Erin Billy of www.TestMagic.com) Topic: 183 Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions. One time, I saw a movie made in China that showed parents helping their children with their homework. My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere want to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they're different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together. Earning a living is another common goal. I've often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them, following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected. Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movie, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing. The movies I've seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals. (Essay ID: 67 ) Topic: 184 Maybe someone will choose to study with a group of students,and they can give you sound reasons for their choice.I prefer to study alone because I am sure that study alone will profer you with silence,freedom and enough choice,which is indespensible for a student,but regretly,group study cannot offer. First,when you study alone,you will not be abstracted by the sound made by other students from 263
13. TWE Essays 264/292 your study.It is fretful that when you want to study hard but others drone beside your ears like bees.And always you will be angry enough to begin to quarral with them.That will certainly lead to an unfruitful study. Second,many people have their own study styles.Some want to have something to eat when he is studying,some want to lie down with a book in his hand,while still some want to study without anything doing.And when you study alone,you can take your favorite way and needn't regard what others feel. Third,studying alone profer you with enough choice as you want to do.You can have your media playing,you can open the window,also,you can sing your song when you are in a high spirit.That is great.I always sing a good song when I solve a difficult problem and to think that nobody will criticise you for making noise is a lovely experience. So,may there some problems for studying alone,I'll prefer to study alone. (Essay ID: 244. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 184 As a student in university, I can live in the dormitory or live alone. Someone thinks it is better to live in the dormitory, but someone does not think so. Both patterns of living in the dormitory and living alone present advantages and disadvantages. But in my opinion, I prefer living in the dormitory to living alone. The main reason I choose to live in the dormitory is I can learn how to get along well with each other. I am the only child in my family and my parents love me much, so I am self-centered in my life more or less and I do not know how exactly to deal with the complex social relationship between peoples. Living in the dormitory with the roommates, I gradually pay attention to my words and behaviors and make them not disturb the others. I learn to listen to the others, share things with them, help them as possible as I can and no longer just think of myself. I feel happy because I make many friends and become livelier by doing so. If I live alone, it is no use of improving my ability in social relationship and maybe I will stuffier than before. It may be also note that it can save money when I live in the dormitory because the costs of living will be shared with the roommates. But I will afford the cost by myself if I live alone. It is well known that the costs of living are much cheaper in the dormitory, and I am a student, still a consumer and I have no income. It is hard to afford it. So, there is an another factor effect my choice. Moreover, I can learn to care about others while living in the dormitory. If I live alone, I may not care about whether my room is neat or not, whether my things are in order or not, whether my bed cover need to be washed or not and so on. However, I live in the dormitory, with my roommates, I sure I will care about them. Because I care the opinions of the others, they will know me through my room, my bedcover, my things and so on. I need to remain a good impression to the others. Given the factors I have just outlined, it is wiser to live in the dormitory for me. (Essay ID: 437 ) Topic: 184 Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with friends. Although studying 264
14. TWE Essays 265/292 with friends has its advantages, in my point of view, I would like to study alone. The reasons are as follows. When you study, especially when you study some subjects which are hard to understand, such as maths and physics you need to concentrate on them. That requires a quiet environment without distractions. Studying alone can provide that, you can read your books and think of questions without being disturbed. It will help you to understand the knowledge better and to remember the knowledge better. Furthermore, studying alone has another advantage that studying with friends does not have. That is it forces you to think. When you face some questions hard to solve, and there is no other students around you, you have to think of the questions hard and try you best to solve them. This gives you an opportunity to improve your ability to deal with problems by yourself. Obviously, studying with friends cannot give you these. Because when you meet some questions, you probably turn to friends for help. The third advantage of studying alone is also the most important reason. It can make you think independently and have your own opinions. You have to think independently when you study alone. No one can give you interference or suggestions. You will not be affected by other people’s opinions. That can help you create your own thoughts, not to become a parrot. After all, the best parrots still live in cages. Though studying with friends has some advantages, for instance, it can help you to solve your questions faster and improve your friendship, however I think the advantages of studying alone overweight these of studying with friends. My preference would be to study alone. (Essay ID: 395 ) Topic: 184 Do you like to sit alone in a quiet place pondering on the solutions in your study? Or you would favor discussing the subjects with several friends? The question of the condition of study, which plays an important role in the process and outcome of study, is often met with diverse answers. Some people choose to study alone, enjoying peaceful surrounding without disturb; others, however, would rather join a group of people, sharing different ideas with them. As far as I am concerned, I prefer the latter for the following argument. To begin with, there is no denial that studying alone helps better concentration on the problems, consistency in the trail of thought, and establishment of the ability to handle problems by oneself. But what if it comes to confront the difficulties one cannot break through single-handed? To consult with several people may be greatly conducive. Studying with a group of people will offer you a chance to exchange opinions with others, and often can discussion help you out of your predicament, or at least achieve enlightenment which lead to what you are in search for. Writer or designer, for example, seldom works out wonder or classic alone with door closed. On the contrary, their resources accrue from communication with other people, learning, feeling, and progressing. Secondly, studying in group can help build teamwork consciousness, which is much needed in today’s competition world. To study means not only the improvement of knowledge, but also the development of mental quality. Both can benefit from group study. Presentations in university are often required to be performed by a group of students. With a common goal to practice and rehearse, students usually attach great enthusiasm and spare no effort to achieve for self and 265
15. TWE Essays 266/292 group. Study knows no bounds. Moreover, studying in group can expand one’s horizon, you will learn to consider problems from different perspectives. In conclusion, despite some minor drawbacks such as lack of private time in study, studying in group, compared with studying alone, is instrumental rather than detrimental for a student’s education, and thus will not fail to be a wise choice. (Essay ID: 68 ) Topic: 184 Study habits are a very individual thing. Some people like to study alone, while others like to study with a group. Personally, I would rather study alone, but I can see advantages to both ways. It can be very helpful to study with other students. For one thing, you can exchange information about the topic. Not everyone is going to hear everything the teacher says in class. Comparing notes is a good way to be sure you get what you missed. You can also discuss various aspects of the topic. Other students can bring a different perspective to the discussion. They can point out things you may not have thought of, and help you make your arguments clearer. Studying with other students can also help keep you focused on studying. If you 're in a study group, you have to be at a particular place to study at a particular time. This is good discipline. The group reviews all the material available and then begins studying. There's not a lot of wasted time, if things work the way they should. Of course, it doesn't help if you're in a study group that doesn't take studying seriously. Then you'd be much better off studying by yourself. If you're trying to study with friends and all they want to do is talk about other things, you'd get more done going somewhere to study by yourself. Being with people who don't want to study can mean you'll be constantly distracted. There'll be a lot of interruptions, and you won't gain much hearing their points of view on a study subject. Finally, whether you study alone or in a group depends a lot on your own study habits and on your personality. If you need absolute quiet to study, then you're better off alone. If you're a very social person, then you're better off studying alone, too; you'll be too tempted to socialize instead of studying. This is the reason I prefer studying alone. When I'm with other people, I want to play. I don't want to work. (Essay ID: 69 ) Topic: 185 If I had enough money to buy either a house or a business, I'd buy a house. A business may succeed or fail. It's also possible I might change my mind about what I wanted to do in business. However, a home is a lifetime gift to myself. Right now I'm in a small apartment, with barely enough room for everything. All my furniture and the things I've accumulated since I left college barely fit. I have almost no closet space left. This means my clothes are always wrinkled because they're crushed together. I don't have anyplace to put my cleaning supplies, nor room for more than one set of sheets and towels. A new house would mean a lot more room for all these things. 266
16. TWE Essays 267/292 I love having plants around. It's very healthy for the air inside and it's cheerful to have living things growing in a room. Right now I have plants sitting on tables. This is the best I can do in an apartment. I'd like to have a garden instead. That way I could grow a lot of different kinds of plants and flowers, and I could have a vegetable garden in the summer. Besides having a garden, I'd like to have a backyard with lots of trees and a small fountain in the corner. I love watching birds and listening to them sing. On the windowsill of my apartment, I put out bird seed every morning. In the hot weather, I put out a shallow tin plate with water in it for the birds. The trees and the fountain in my backyard would give me pleasure, but they'd really be for the birds. The trees would give them a place to nest, and the fountain would be a source of fresh water when it's hot. Can you picture my dream house? A business would only give me money. A house would give me someplace special to be myself. (Essay ID: 70 ) Topic: 185 I will purchase the big house so that i can live and work comfortable.The house nearby the beach is my whole life dream when I was young.The advantage of house is the shield of noisy without others,and is quiet and freely. First,The basic essential for the people is living.Living is vital for the family in the world.We can concluded that the house is the aim pursuiting by the people.The whole day fatigue of peron is replying on the sleeping in the big house which have the first-rate electric such as the air- conditions,digital TV Sets, wireless cell phone,fridge, Water-machine, computer, notebook, etc. So, the house is important and necessary for the people every day. Second,The enjoyment of house is evident ,the entertainment with the colleague,relatives,friends,family member to sing the song,dance by the music,do the piano,violin,etc.The wonderful party held in the house is available for the celebrate the birthday or appointment.The house provide much more happiness for the people who delight it. The health and enegy of person own his house will do better business, The person will contribute themselves to the big business for the great achievement.The people purchase the housee is rapidly growth annually.So, i will own my dream house because i extremely like it and design it with my full ideas so that its beautiful and splendid.I really like live in the big house and care it. (Essay ID: 243. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 185 Some people prefers to purchase a house if he has enough money, and other people would like to purchase a business instead. Personally, I would prefer buying a house because I think it has more advantages. There more numerous reasons why I would like to purchase a house, and I would in here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that it will make many benefits to our lives. If you purchase a house, you will have a quiet, fixed place to do your own business, for example, you can work at home, you can have a party with your friends or relatives in your house and so on. 267
17. TWE Essays 268/292 Another reason why I advocate the attitude of purchasing a house is that it's convenient for us to relax ourselves. Nowadays, we all have to work hard almost every day and it will be beneficial for us to relax ourselves in our spare time. We can do many exercises or go out for entertainment. But if it happens to rain or snow, what should we do? We could enjoy ourselves also, if we have a house. Last but not least, it's a requisite for a family. If you a married man, you have to be responsible to your family, your wife and your children. Basicly, it's most important to provide enough space to your children to grow up. And do you agree that it's helpful for your wife to cook in a larger kitchen? Of course, choosing purchasing a business also has advantages to some extent, for example, you can make yourself more wealth and experienced. But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of purchasing a house carry more weight than those of purchasing a business. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that if you purchase a house, your life will be rich and colorful. (Essay ID: 239. This is a 5 point essay) Topic: 185 If I had the chance of purchasing either a house or a business, I would prefer the latter. There are a lot of reasons for the choice, and I would like to put them in the following way. First, we live to improve ourselves, not just to satisfy our demands for material comforts. Indeed, it is everybody’s dream to live in a luxurious house with spacious rooms, private swimming pools and servants. What a nice picture of life! But wait, a business can offer more. Buying a business and run it will not only give us a chance to challenge our ability and skills, but also can help accumulate our wealth. There is nothing more satisfying than watching your knowledge, ability and investment turning into wealth. Second, the choice of being an entrepreneur means that you are a spiritually strong person, you are confident about your self and you have the nerve to face the possible loses in a business. These are very important qualities to success in today’s world. On the other hand, choosing to buy a house means relatively more conservative, shorter sighted to me. I cannot see much vision and gut in these people. Third, choosing to purchase and run a business can us get more knowledge and experiences. A business is a complex system. In order to run a business well, we must learn very hard for the most current knowledge of management, accounting and marketing. We also have to know the area of specification very well, dealing with various people from government agencies, suppliers and dealers, as well as our own employees. Of course, a business is not always making money, sometimes there are risks of lose. But what to regret after you already acquired so much knowledge and experiences. Yes, comparing to buying a house, there is much more to worry about, but with buying a business we can really get into something and gain a lot. All above are just some reasons for my choice. And I am sure that this choice will be a good choice, whatever the outcome may be. (Essay ID: 236. This is a 5 point essay) 443 essays. Last Modified Aug/06/2002 268
18. TWE Essays 269/292 www.wayabroad.com/chinese/twe TWE Templates Agree/Disagree Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that Explain Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that What is more, some students are interested in In a word, Agree/Disagree Some people prefer to A, others believe B, Nowadays some may hold the opinion that , but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree/disagree that MY arguments for this point are listed as follows. One of the primary causes is that Examples But there is a further more subtle point we must consider. Examples. What is more Examples General speaking, Recognizing the fact that should drive us to conclude that Agree/Disagree Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that But others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree that My arguments for this point are listed as follows. I agree with the statement that without reservation since Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that In a word, Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that Choice/Preferences When it comes to , although some people think that , they fail to see I am , and probably will always be ,one of those who argue that The most persuasive point is that 269
19. TWE Essays 270/292 Furthermore ,sociological studies have found that Of course, arguments will be raised against my standpoint. Some people might argue that for this point are listed as follows. The main reason for my propensity for is that There is another factor that deserves some words here. In a word, While it is true that the argument, I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think Choice/Preferences Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows. The main reason for my propensity for A is that For instance, Another reason can be seen by every one is that For example, The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as In a word, So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A. Choice/Preferences When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that , but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The main reason for my propensity of is that The second reason can be seen by every person that In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that There are some disadvantages in In a word, Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that Choice/Preferences Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that , but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why , and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is that Take as example, 270
20. TWE Essays 271/292 There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that (examples: ) From the above you might got idea that I agree (repeat the above three reason ). So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to Choice/Preferences In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For example Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important. B This is arbitrary to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph. Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that Admittedly, A By he same token, however, B Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that Choice/Preferences When it comes to , Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows. I agree with the statement that without reservation since Naturally It can be given a concrete example A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of is that. Obviously Take the case of a thing that Furthermore, what is worth noticing fact is that This demonstrates the undeniable fact that Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that Explanation There may be by one or two disadvantages to ; however, I believe that there are far more advantages. My arguments for this point are listed as follows. First of all, perhaps one disadvantages to is that For instance, Another drawback to involves the possibility that For example, 271
21. TWE Essays 272/292 Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to , the advantages far outweigh them. The main reason for my propensity for is that For example Another reason for my inclination for is that For example, In a word, in spite of the fact that there may be a couple of disadvantages to , I feel that the advantages are more obvious Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that Explanation The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The main reason for my propensity for is that Another reason can be seen by every person is that Furthermore, In short, Choice/Preferences In a modern society, people always face the dilemma to choose whether AAA or BBB. This problem is the much debated one in that it affects everybody in their daily lives. People may prefer one to another although some may have no opinions about it at all. Before rendering my opinion, I think it is necessary to take a glance at the arguments of both sides. It is quite easy for average people to CHOOSE BBB because of the obvious reason that It can be given by a well known example that But at the mean time, although BBB has some advantages, it also has many drawbacks such as Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that BBB is always better than AAA. What is more, if you notice the invisible benefits of CHOOSING AAA, you can understand AAA more deeply. Here I would explain a few of the most important reasons. The main reason is that To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive: is only part of the important aspects, and another equally significant role of CHOOSING AAA lies in the development of This demonstrates the undeniable fact that Besides, the further reason why I advocate AAA is that This may explain why In addition Finally 272
22. TWE Essays 273/292 If all the factors above are considered, we will find out that the advantages of AAA outweigh those of BBB. Therefore from what we have discussed, we may safely come to the conclusion that CHOOSING AAA is a rather wise decision. But I have not denied the opinion that CHOOSING BBB. I must admit that people can DO WELL without AAA, but no one can ignore the added convenience and satisfaction offered by AAA. Such experience will definitely be helpful in one's later life. Choice/Preferences It seems, in so many items, very difficult for us to prefer one to another because all of them have their advantages and disadvantages to the extent that it is hard to distinguish. Yet that does not mean they are all the same to me. Which one I prefer depends on my own experience, life style and emotional concerns. To be frank, I prefer AAA most in my point of view. Choice/Preferences To choose A or choose B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect the genuinely good aspects of A. [For B, people are often driven to believe that / It is quite easy for average people to CHOOSE B because of the obvious reason that] (As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides".) Although B does have its seemingly profound advantages, at the mean time[there lies intrinsic [harmful characteristic/drawbacks] in it such as / it can be achieved only conditionally because ] . Some ple/experts] [maintain/warn] that This significant point, however, is often not noticed by [the public/most people] and accordingly, is unconsciously overlooked. (Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that B is always better than A.) [Another [disastrous/unfortunate] fact is that / Unfortunately,] the innate quality of A is often underestimated. Or: What is more, if you notice the invisible benefits of CHOOSING A, you can understand A more deeply. Here I would explain a few of the most important reasons for choosing A. The main reason is that To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive: Besides, the further reason why I advocate is that Moreover, Therefore from what we have discussed, we may safely come to the conclusion that CHOOSING AAA is a rather wise decision. Choice/Preferences There is no denying the fact that (whether to choose A or B is better) is a popular topic which is much talked about [not only by , but also by /by people across the world/ in a modern society]. Or: There is no denying the fact that (whether to choose A or B is better) is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives). Or: In a modern society, people always face the dilemma of whether to choose A or B. This problem is a much-debated one in that it affects everybody in his or her daily lives. 273
23. TWE Essays 274/292 Although it seems that [ [normally/sometimes] we can not tell which one outweigh the other between A and B / they normally coexist peacefully], they deserve some close examination. [If three criteria were taken into account, in comparing these two, I would prefer A. / As far as I am concerned, I vote for the latter]. There are no less than three advantages in A as rendered below: First, we can observe easily that in modern society, 1 .The second/another reason for my propensity for A is that 2 .The third reason, not the last/however, goes this way: 3 . In conclusion, to mention there are more. Choice/Preferences While both the two [methods/choice] may have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances. Afterwards, I will explain my opinion about it. [A has the obvious advantage that / One very strong argument for A is that] But there lies intrinsic harmful characteristic in this method. Some [people/expert] [maintain/warn] that Furthermore, Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that A is always better than B. On the other hand, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, For example, . However, it is also important to see that under certain circumstances B will (disadvantage) Or: Yet there are some people who cast serious doubts on B Or: Although B does have its seemingly profound [advantages/ reason], at the mean time[there lies intrinsic [harmful characteristic/drawbacks] in it such as / it can be achieved only conditionally cause ] . But if all these factors are contemplated, [as far as I am concerned / according to my personality and fondness], the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B because A fits [me/us students] better in two ways: In the first place, , In the second place/secondly, Therefore from what we have discussed, we may safely come to the conclusion that CHOOSING AAA is a rather wise decision. It seems, very difficult for us to prefer one to another because all of them have their advantages and disadvantages to the extent that it is hard to distinguish. Yet that does not mean they are all the same to me. Which one I prefer depends on my own experience, life style and emotional concerns. [As far as I am concerned / According to my personality and fondness/ To be frank], I would like to choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages not to choose it. B, on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages. Agree/Disagree There is no denying the fact that (if one should /if is correct) is a hot topic which is much talked about [not only by , but also by /by people across the world/ in a modern society]. Or: There is no denying the fact that (if one should /if is correct) is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives). Or: There is no denying the fact that (if one should /if is correct) is the basic (moral/philosophical) problem that can not be circumvented by anybody, ( because the opinion on this problem will determine one's attitude toward the world and the life). 274
24. TWE Essays 275/292 Before rendering my opinion, I think it is important to take a glance at the arguments on both sides. Agree/Disagree At first glance it seems very difficult for us to draw a [definite/quick] conclusion that is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages. However, after serious considerations we can see that under most circumstances (this approach) will do more good than harm. Or: As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion. However, it is unfair to draw a quick conclusion without serious considerations. There are no less than [three advantages in A/three reasons to agree with the opinion] as rendered below: First, we can observe easily that in modern society, 1 .The second/another reason for my (propensity for /agreement with ) is that The third reason, [not the last/however], goes this way: 3 . In conclusion, The first reason can be obliviously seen. Most people would agree that Some people may neglect that in fact Others suggest that Part of the explanation is The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of Although A enjoys a distinct advantage Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned. A maybe , but it suffers from the disadvantage that To understand the truth of , it is also important to see A study of will make this point clear Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as I do not deny that A has its own merits. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that 275
25. TWE Essays 276/292 In summary, it is wiser In short It can be given by a (well known/concrete) example that / In order to see this point clearly, let us to see an example: This may explain why It goes without seeing that In fact, we can observe easily that in modern society, As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". As a proverb says, "Where there is a will there is a way". As is known to all, "No pains, no gains." Let's bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context. In today's world, I can say that if you have no experience like these, your life is an inadequate one. be of great benefit to sb./sth. The reason of is not so much as People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that Others, [ however/on the contrary], maintain that It is necessary/convenient/desirable/advisable] for sb. to do sth. have [trouble/a difficult time] [in doing sth./with sth.] Nevertheless I must admit that people can do well without AAA, but no one can ignore the added convenience and satisfaction offered by AAA. Such experience will definitely be helpful in one's later life. Useful quotations One of the greatest early writers said " ". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise ). " ". How often we hear such words like there. Useful quotations by Robert Collier In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time. by Ann Landers Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them. 276
26. TWE Essays 277/292 by Ralph Waldo Emerson No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves. Confucius Our greatest glory is not in never falling but in rising every time we fall. Mother Teresa To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it. Henry Ford Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs. Winston Churchill Never, never, never, never give up. Albert Einstein In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. by Crassus Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly. Thomas Edison There is no substitute for hard work. Leo Tolstoi The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience. Thomas Jefferson I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it. Robert Collier Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out. Ray A. Croc 277
27. TWE Essays 278/292 Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get. You'll learn more about a road by traveling it than by consulting all the maps in the world. Vince Lombardi Winning isn't everything but wanting to win is. John F. Kennedy We choose to go to the moon and other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. Thucydides The strong do what they will. The weak do what they must. John Wooden Talent is God given Be Humble. Fame is man given Be Thankful. Conceit is self given Be Careful. Theodore Roosevelt Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are. Publilius Syrus Maxim No one knows what he can do till he tries. Terence There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly. Thomas Fuller A wise man turns chance into good fortune. William Hazlitt Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity is a greater. 278
28. TWE Essays 279/292 William Penn No pains, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall , no glory; no cross, no crown. Will Rogers Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over if you just sit there. Opportunity rarely knocks on your door. Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter. Vince Lombardi It's not whether you get knocked down. It's whether you get up again. Winston Churchill An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. Ralph Waldo Emerson Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. James Allen The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do. Samuel Johnson Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Aughey Lost time is never found again. Voltaire No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking. Napoleon 279
29. TWE Essays 280/292 Victory belongs to the most persevering. Euipides Leave no stone unturned. Norman Vincent Peale Plan your work for today and every day; then work your plan. Henry Ford Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again. Thomas Edison I start where the last man left off. What the mind of man can conceive and believe, the mind of a man can achieve. Benjamin Franklin Plough deep while sluggards sleep. Henry David Thoreau In the lone run men hit only what they aim at. Emily Dickinson Luck is not chance It's toil Fortune's expensive smile is earned. Thomas Edison Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Useful Quotations Albert Einstein Imagination is more important than knowledge. Walter Begehot 280
30. TWE Essays 281/292 The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do. Abraham Lincoln I will prepare and some day my chance will come. Henry Ford Whether you think you can or think you can't you are right. English Proverb Where there's a will there's a way. There is no failure excepting no longer trying. Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity. Writing Power By KAPLAN Education Center AN OVERVIEW OF THE ESSAY TEST The first and most frequently asked question by ESL students who are confronting the TOEFL essay is: "What exactly is an essay?" This is a very good question, as essay organization and formation may vary greatly from one country to another. Quite simply, an essay is a written composition based on a particular topic. In the following writing sections, we will describe the kind of essay that the TOEFL examiners are looking for as well as provide you with the background you'll need to feel confident when you are faced with writing your TOEFL essay on the day of the exam. Essay writing is a required part of every TOEFL CBT exam (as of July 1998). (The essay will, however, continue to be optional for the paper-based TOEFL.) Your essay score will be combined with the score from the Structure section to form one Structure/Writing score. On the day of the exam, you will be given one topic on which to base your essay and allowed 30 minutes to write your essay. Unlike with the rest of the new TOEFL, you will be able to choose whether you wish to write your essay on the computer or by hand. The range for your score of the essay component is from 0 (lowest score) to 6 (highest score); your final Structure/Writing score will range from 0 to 30. The readers of your essay are English or ESL specialists and work under the direct supervision of a "reading manager." The two readers will rate your essay independently of each other. That is, neither will know the rating of the other, and your final grade will be an average of the two scores. If there is a difference of more than one point between the two, a third reader will also rate your essay. Your final score could be a 6.0, 5.5, 5.0,4.5,4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0,1.5,1.0, or 0 (for a paper that is blank or written in a language other than English, or one that in no way addresses the topic). To help you prepare for the essay component, you should study the "Writing Topics" provided to you by ETS (Educational Testing Service) in its TOEFL Information Bulletin for Computer- Based Testing. By practicing essay writing prior to the day of the TOEFL, especially within the 281
31. TWE Essays 282/292 30-minute time frame, you can greatly enhance your chances of doing well on this section of the test. While becoming a proficient English writer may seem like a daunting task at first, there is no way to get around one very simple and basic truth: the only way to become a writer is to write and read as much and as often as you can. This may sound trite, but it is the fundamental key to improving your writing skills. Whereas it is important that you read and study examples of "good writing," unless you are willing to put in time and effort to write yourself, you will never become a competent writer of English. Great writers of English certainly did not become that way overnight; it obviously took a great deal of commitment, diligence, and time to perfect their craft. Thus, you-as an English as a Second Language writer and speaker- will need to be willing to invest an even greater effort into perfecting your English writing. In the writing sections of this chapter, we will take you through steps that will help you learn how to organize your ideas, form an outline and develop organization, write a draft, and finally edit/proofread your essay. And yes, by the day of the test, you will need to know how to accomplish all of this in the 30-minute time frame that the TOEFL essay allows! But don't be discouraged. With dedication and perseverance, you will no doubt see results. Your final essay must do the following in order for you to achieve the highest score possible: (1) Your essay must effectively discuss the topic you have been asked to address. It is vital that you read the assigned topic very carefully and not add or delete anything. This is one of the most common mistakes in writing an essay-by adding a few words, or conversely ignoring one or two significant ones, a test taker can easily digress from the assigned topic. Of course, the end result is failure to address the topic. (2) Your essay must be well organized. You must have an introduction (with a thesis statement), a body (with supporting details for your thesis), and a conclusion. Because essay organization is very important, this will be dealt with in greater detail later in this chapter. (3) You must show consistent ease in your use of the English language. This includes using correct grammar as well as the appropriate use of idiomatic language. Remember, you are trying to prove that your English skills are advanced enough for you to do as well as native English speakers in an American university class. (4) You must prove to your readers that you possess a wide range of vocabulary and know how to use terms in an appropriate fashion. In other words, be very careful with the words you choose and avoid redundancy of both words and ideas. You want to be conservative so that you can show how much vocabulary and how many different word forms you know. You must be able to paraphrase some or all of the question asked or the quotation given. This shows that you have a broad vocabulary, that your reading comprehension is adequate, and that you can avoid redundancy in your writing. You will also need to be able to paraphrase your thesis in your conclusion to remind your readers of your main idea. STANDARD ESSAY FORM 282
32. TWE Essays 283/292 In general, an essay is made up of three basic components: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The length of an essay may vary greatly, but because you only have 30 minutes in which to prepare, write, and proofread your TOEFL essay, you should aim for an essay containing a maximum of four to five paragraphs (unless you are a highly accomplished English writer). Your first paragraph, the introduction, will introduce the main topic of your essay to your reader, and it typically ends with your thesis statement (the most important sentence in your essay). The next part of your essay is the body. The body provides detailed support to prove your thesis. The body will be made up of the main subpoints of your thesis, each with its own paragraph. Thus, your body will most likely consist of 2-3 paragraphs. Your final paragraph is your conclusion. These three basic parts are outlined below and discussed in greater detail in subsequent lessons. I. Introduction A. Hook (to capture your reader's attention) B. General information on assigned topic (no details) C. Thesis (one-sentence statement of main idea plus viewpoint) II. Body A. Sub-Point One 1.Topic sentence 2. Details supporting topic sentence B. Sub-Point Two 1. Topic sentence 2. Details supporting topic sentence C. (Possible) Sub-Point Three 1. Topic sentence 2. Details supporting topic sentence III. Conclusion A. Paraphrase of thesis B. Summary of viewpoint C. General final statement/comment TIME DIVISION FOR A 30-MINUTE ESSAY EXAM One of the biggest dilemmas students face with essay examinations is how to make the best use of their time during the test. Certainly, the amount of time each student will need to make an outline, write the essay, and proofread will vary. However, all of these steps are necessary to produce a 283
33. TWE Essays 284/292 clear, organized essay with few grammatical errors. Below is a suggested way to divide the limited time you are given: 1-3 minutes-Read and Paraphrase Question 3-5 minutes-Plan, Prewrite 17-20 minutes-Write Essay 5-7 minutes-Proofread, Correct Essay TYPES OF ESSAYS The list below contains the most common types of essays found in an essay examination. After you have read your essay question and interpreted it, the next step is for you to decide what kind of essay you will need to organize and write. Determining the type of essay will help you write your thesis statement, decide how many body paragraphs are needed, know which transitions are appropriate to use, and much more. Compare and Contrast Essay This is one of the most typical forms of essay examinations. A comparison tells the ways in which a person, place, thing, event and so on are similar. A contrast points out differences. There are two common methods of organizing compare/contrast essays. Let's use the topic of "urban life vs. rural life" as an example: (1) Body A. Similarities between urban and rural life B. Dissimilarities between urban and rural life OR (2) Body A. Urban life: advantages and disadvantages B. Rural life: advantages and disadvantages Persuasive Essay (Also Known as Personal Opinion Essay) In the persuasive essay, you are trying to convince your reader to agree with a particular position or viewpoint you have expressed in your thesis. While adjectives and adverbs may sway your reader, the most effective way to bring your reader over to your side is through facts, detailed examples, and/or personal knowledge. Be sure to incorporate some aspects of the latter in the body of your persuasive essay. This type of essay may be written in the first person and include: in my opinion, it seems to me, or in my view. However, even if you use the third person (and this is often considered to be more sophisticated), you can make your stand clear to your reader. Descriptive Essay The purpose of a descriptive essay is to present a detailed picture of a person, place, object, event, etcetera. To make the image as real as possible, you can use words or linguistic devices known as "imagery." These may be words that appeal directly to the reader's senses. That is, you can help 284
34. TWE Essays 285/292 your reader see, hear, taste, smell, or feel what it is you are describing by choosing vivid vocabulary. Avoid vague, general words such as good, nice, and bad, and replace these with more descriptive, specific terms. Metaphors (comparisons of two unlike items) are also often used in descriptions. Try to imagine that your reader has never experienced the object that you are describing; it is your job to bring this subject to life. Cause and Effect Essay To "cause" an action means to make something happen; the result or consequence of that action is the "effect." For example: "What are the chief causes of divorce, and how does it affect the children of the couple?" Typical transitions for this type of essay are: as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, and thus. Conditional sentence-type essay questions are sometimes classified as "cause and effect" as well. For example: "If you won a million dollars in the lottery, how would you spend the money? Describe in detail how you think your life would change as a result of your new-found wealth." Interpretation/Analysis Essay In the interpretation-type essay, you are given a short quotation (usually 1-3 sentences in length). You are asked to interpret the saying (i.e., paraphrase the author's message); then, either analyze or form your own opinion about the original quotation. This kind of essay is rapidly growing in popularity, especially for essay entrance examinations to American universities and for many standardized tests. The time given for the essay test may vary from 15 minutes to two hours, depending on the school and/or the standardized test. Therefore, when you practice writing this type of exam, you should try several different time frames. Illustrative Essay Another type of essay is the one that is based on examples or illustrations to support the writer's thesis. For example: "What were the best classes you ever took? Give examples of at least two classes which you found outstanding, and explain why you chose these." Of course, illustration is an important component of many types of essay "body" paragraphs. Process Essay Process writing, generally speaking, provides instructions or details a process: that is, it tells the reader how to operate a VCR, apply to a school, build a bookshelf, learn a foreign language, etcetera. Therefore, while this writing style is quite common, it is not typically tested in an essay examination. On the other hand, it is not uncommon to be given this type of essay as an at-home assignment. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSAY Like all first impressions, the introductory paragraph of your essay will leave a lasting imprint. Therefore, it is extremely important that it be well written. To favorably impress your readers, your introduction should contain the following: Hook How is a hook used in fishing? It dangles in front of its target (the fish) and tries to lure or 285
35. TWE Essays 286/292 captivate it. In much the same way, the "hook" in an essay is used to catch the attention of your audience. To accomplish this, begin your essay with an interesting, thought-provoking idea about the topic you have been assigned. Avoid asserting the obvious; that is, merely stating a fact that everyone knows is true. For example, "Learning a new language is difficult" is a fact known to be true by almost everyone, and, therefore, serves no useful purpose. Sometimes a quotation (or proverb) works well as a hook if it is particularly relevant to the thesis. General Statements Regarding the Assigned Topic Your introduction should only introduce the main ideas of your essay. This is not the place for you to provide supporting details, such as specific names, places, and dates. Save these for the body of your essay. Thesis The thesis is the most significant statement in your essay. It consists of one sentence only and is usually the last sentence of your introduction. A thesis must be a complete sentence (unlike a title). It should also be narrow enough for you to be able to discuss it within the short time frame allowed on the TOEFL and within a two- or three-paragraph body. Yet it must also be general enough for you to be able to write two to three sub-points on this topic. Unlike some countries, in the United States, we do not state directly what we plan to do or say in our essay; for example, "I will write about " is unacceptable in an American essay. If your essay is well written, your intentions should be obvious to your reader without your having to explicitly state them. The thesis serves two basic functions. First, it states the main topic of your essay. Secondly, it provides a viewpoint or position that you, the writer, holds about this topic. For example, this is not a thesis: "Smoking in restaurants in New York is illegal." It merely states a fact, but provides no position or opinion regarding this fact. This is a thesis: "Not allowing smoking in restaurants in New York is highly unfair to the smoker and gives too much power to the nonsmoker." Here we are given both a topic (i.e., smoking in restaurants in New York is illegal) plus two clear opinions about this topic. Because this thesis states two positions regarding the topic, it will also help the writer to quickly and effectively set up the organization for the body of his/her essay. That is, the two sub-points have been clearly laid out in the introduction for both the reader and the writer. Often students feel that there must be a "right" or "wrong" position that they should take on a given topic. Remember: You are entitled to your own opinion. The readers are only interested in whether you have logically, clearly, and effectively supported the position that you have taken. Practice One Which of the following sentences is a thesis? If the sentence is a thesis, put a "T" in the space provided next to it. If it is not a thesis, put in "NT" in the space provided. Be prepared to discuss the reasons for your choices. 1. ___ Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States. 2. ___ There are two basic reasons for the rise of divorce: the lack of communication skills and financial problems. 286
36. TWE Essays 287/292 3. ___ Divorce is not legal in my country. Some people think it should be, some don't. 4. ___ Walking is the best exercise: it is great for one's health, and it doesn't cost anything! 5. ___ Traveling for fun and education. 6. ___ Because I wanted to learn how to speak English fluently, it was essential that I move to an English-speaking country. 7. ___ Financial woes and lack of free time are the major causes of stress today. 8. ___ The Beatles sold over a million records in the 1960s. 9. ___ The Beatles and the Rolling Stones were far more talented than the popular rock bands of today. 10. ___ Now, I am going to write about the reasons I moved to the United States. To check your responses above, be sure the thesis statement: Contains one, and only one, complete sentence Provides a clearly defined main topic Takes a clearly stated position on the topic (instead of merely stating a fact) Doesn't explicitly state what you plan to do/say Answers NT 6. T 2. T 7. T 3. NT 8. NT 4. T 9. T 5. NT 10. NT Practice Two Take the following topics and questions, and turn them into theses. Remember that each thesis must be a complete sentence that clearly states your main idea and takes a position on this topic. Ideally, it will also set up the organization for the body of your essay. Doing this can save you a great deal of time when you write the body. It will also help you stay focused. EXAMPLE: Topic/Question: In many countries, the government practices censorship of television programs. Do you support this practice or not? Support your answer with specific examples. Possible Thesis: Government censorship of television programs is unfair and fiscally wasteful. 1. Topic/Question: If you had a choice, would you like to live forever? Explain why this does or does not appeal to you. Thesis: 2. Topic: Students attend a university or college for a variety of reasons. In your opinion, what should be the main purpose of a university education? Thesis: 287
37. TWE Essays 288/292 3. Topic: When many people think of the United States, words such as independent and free- spirited come to mind. If you had to describe your country by its personality, what trait(s) would best describe it? Thesis: 4. Topic: Most people experience at least some degree of culture shock when they are getting accustomed to a new culture. What advice would you give to a friend of yours to help him get over culture shock? (You may write about your own culture or about the American culture.) Thesis: 5. Topic: It is necessary to be wealthy in order to be successful. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? Thesis: Practice Three Choose one of the questions from the above list (1-5) and write an introduction. Be sure to follow the steps laid out in the inverted pyramid diagram, and watch the time. Remember, on the actual test you will only have a very short time in which to compose your introduction. THE BODY OF THE ESSAY The main purpose of the body of your essay is to give support to your thesis (usually the last sentence of your introduction). To give sufficient support, you need to provide a minimum of two or three paragraphs in your body for an essay examination. However, a take-home essay generally has several body paragraphs. All body paragraphs begin with a topic sentence. The topic sentence states the main idea of the body paragraph, a main sub-point of your thesis. For this reason, it may be said that after your thesis, topic sentences are the most important part of your essay. Immediately following the topic sentence, you should provide clear, specific details to lend credence to the argument of your paper; specifically, to the topic sentence of that paragraph. To accomplish this, you should use specific dates, people, places, and/or events. You will most likely need more than one sentence to provide sufficient details for each point. Use transitions to introduce your examples (see list in appendix). Generally speaking, the body paragraphs are longer than the introduction and conclusion. However, be sure that each body paragraph contains only one main sub-point. All the ideas included in each paragraph must fall under the broader topic sentence. That is, every new idea requires a new paragraph. Think of each sentence after the topic sentence ("the set") as a sub-set of it. While you will want to use transitions within your body paragraphs, you also need to use them to connect one body paragraph to another. This is necessary to make your paper smooth and coherent. For example, if you are writing a compare/contrast essay, you may want to begin your second body paragraph with a transition phrase such as on the other hand or in contrast. Study the list of transition terms at the end of this chapter to determine which one(s) would be appropriate for the type of essay you are writing. 288
38. TWE Essays 289/292 Practice One Read the following sample essay body divisions, and think of possible topics for these divisions. 1. I. Introduction II. Body A. Past B. Present C. Future III. Conclusion 2. I. Introduction II. Body A. Infant B. Quid C. Adult D. Old Age III. Conclusion 3. I. Introduction II. Body A. Emotional B. Mental C. Physical III. Conclusion 4. I. Introduction II. Body A. Urban B. Small Town C. Countryside III. Conclusion 5. I. Introduction II. Body A. Home B. Work C. School III. Conclusion Practice Two In the exercises below, take the topic provided and, working with a partner, create your own sub- topics. EXAMPLE: Topic: Best uses of home computers II. Body B. Entertainment C. Pay bills 1. Topic: The most practical college majors II. Body A. B. C. 2. Topic: Advantages to living in a foreign country - II. Body A. <-.-: B. C. 3. Topic: What a person must do to have a successful life II. Body A. B. C. Practice Three Choose one of the topics above, and write a 3-paragraph essay body on it. You have 20 minutes in which to write the body. You may choose either two or three sub-points (body paragraphs). Be 289
39. TWE Essays 290/292 sure that you begin with a topic sentence, and that all of the following sentences in that paragraph remain within the framework of your topic sentence. A new topic introduces a new paragraph. THE CONCLUSION OF THE ESSAY The conclusion of the essay is often neglected. One reason for this is that students often run out of time during the essay examination and never get beyond the body of their papers. Another factor is that students often do not know how or when to end their essay. Yet failure to end your essay is analogous to not finishing the final chapter of a book. Your reader is left with unanswered questions; you must put these to rest before you finish your paper. However, if you have gone through the recommended organization steps laid out in our earlier sections and practiced timed writing on your own, finishing your essay should become an easier task. The following guidelines can help you improve your concluding paragraph: Before writing your conclusion, reread your introduction (paying special attention to your thesis) and your topic sentences. This will refresh your memory as to the main idea and main subpoints of your paper. Begin your conclusion with a paraphrase of your thesis. It is vital that you not repeat your thesis verbatim. Doing so is redundant and boring, and you miss the opportunity to show your readers the breadth of your vocabulary. Follow with general statements. These should be a summary or evaluation of previously mentioned main thoughts. Your last sentence should provide a final thought or comment concerning your main topic. The following should be avoided in a conclusion: New information does not belong in a conclusion. You have neither the time nor the space to develop it further (this is what the body paragraphs are for). Avoid detailed information in support of your thesis. This, too, should be found in the body of the essay, after your topic sentences. Don't begin your conclusion with "to conclude" or "in conclusion." It is clear to your reader that this is your final paragraph and is obviously your conclusion. (You may, however, begin your conclusion with transitions like therefore, thus, to sum up, or in summary.) A conclusion should not be lengthy. In general, three or four sentences will suffice. This is especially true of a 30-minute essay examination conclusion. Practice One Take the following thesis statements and paraphrase them so that they would fit into a conclusion. Remember that a paraphrase keeps the same ideas of the original statement, but uses your own words. When paraphrasing a thesis, it is often helpful to underline the key words in the original sentence. Be sure to use synonyms for these where possible. Also, be sure to include all of these main ideas in your rewrite. For example: THESIS: Getting married and having children is not key to one's happiness. PARAPHRASED THESIS: A person may find contentment in life even if (s)he never 290
40. TWE Essays 291/292 marries or has children. 1. Thesis: "If you want to live a long and productive life, you must exercise regularly and eat healthy foods." Paraphrased Thesis: 2. Thesis: "Because of the conveniences and the cultural opportunities available in the city, living there is superior to living in the countryside." Paraphrased Thesis: 3. Thesis: "The only ways to become a proficient writer are to read as much as possible and write whenever you can." Paraphrased Thesis: TRANSITION TERMS The word transit means to move or pass from one place to another. Thus, the words and phrases we use to move smoothly from one idea to another one in an essay are called transitions. To create a coherent, smooth essay, you must use these terms, and use them correctly. While not every sentence in an essay requires a transition, you must disperse a variety of them throughout the essay to link sentences and paragraphs to each other. The chart below states the purpose of the transition and provides you with a variety of similar ones to use. Avoid redundancy in your essay by choosing several different ones. In other words, don't use "however" every time you want to show contrast; instead, select as many different phrases as needed that serve the same function. Use commas to separate transitions from the rest of your sentence. Purpose of Transition to show likeness or add information to show contrast to introduce examples to explain to emphasize to generalize to conclude or show result to indicate sequence or show order Possible Transition Terms also, too, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover however, but, on the other hand, conversely, yet, though, in contrast, nevertheless for example, such as, e.g., to illustrate, for instance that is, in other words, i.e. 291
41. TWE Essays 292/292 in fact, indeed, certainly, clearly, of course generally speaking, in general, overall, for the most part, usually, typically, in conclusion, in summary, to sum up therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, as a consequence first, second, next, then, finally, lastly Appendix 2: A Patterned Plan of Attack Writing READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY. Be sure you understand exactly what is being asked, and prepare to answer it. ORGANIZE YOUR THOUGHTS in an outline or other logical way. ADD sufficient DETAILS OR EXAMPLES in the plan for each major topic. PAY ATTENTION TO GRAMMAR. Do not try to make it complicated. Just make sure every sentence is complete and logical. PAY ATTENTION TO VOCABULARY. Do not try to use words if you are not absolutely certain how they should be used. Big words are not necessary to achieve a good score. WRITE CAREFULLY, following the organization of your outline and watching the grammar and vocabulary. PROOFREAD. Make changes as necessary. 292