Bài ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 (Global Success) - Unit 2: Humans and the environment

Nội dung text: Bài ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 (Global Success) - Unit 2: Humans and the environment

1. UNIT 2: HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Vocabulary GETTING STARTED 1. green living /gri:n 'lɪvɪŋ/(n.phr): sống xanh 2. improve /ɪm'pru:v/(v): cải thiện 3. set up /set ʌp/ (phr.v): thành lập 4. clean up / kli:n ʌp /(phr.v): dọn dẹp 5. planned event / plỉnd ɪˈvɛnt /(n.phr): sự kiện đã được lên kế hoạch 6. carbon footprint /'kɑːbən 'fʊtprɪnt/ (n.phr): khí thải carbon 7. text /tekst/(v): nhắn tin 8. achieve /ə'tʃi:v/(v)(v): đạt được 9. raise /reɪz/ (v): nâng cao 10. adopt /ə;dɒpt/(v): áp dụng LANGUAGE 11. plot /plɒt/(n): cốt truyện 12. playground /'pleɪɡraʊnd/ (n): sân chơi 13. household appliances /'haʊshəʊld ə'plaɪənsɪz/(n.phr): đồ dùng gia đình 14. eco-friendly / 'i:kəʊ-'frendli / (adj): thân thiện với mối trường 15. produce /prə'dju:s/(v): tạo ra 16. litter /'lɪtə(r)/(v): vứt rác 17. harm /hɑːm/(v): gây hại 18. device /dɪˈvaɪs/ (n): thiết bị 19. driving machine /'draɪvɪŋ mə'ʃi:n/(n): máy lái xe 20. attract /ə'trỉkt/ (v): gây được sự chú ý 21. reduce /ri'dju:s/(v): giảm 22. revise for / rɪˈvaɪz fɔː /(phr.v): ơn tập 23. make the decision /meɪk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən/(v.phr): đưa ra quyết định READING 24. lifestyle /'laɪfstaɪl/ (n): l ối sống 25. sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/(adj): bền vững 26. prevent /prɪˈvent/ (v): ngăn ngừa 27. natural and organic /'nỉʧrəl ỉnd ɔːˈgỉnɪk/(adj): tự nhiên và hữu cơ 28. chemical /'kemɪkl/ (n): chất độc hại 29. cut down / kʌt daʊn /(phr.v): cắt giảm 30. break down /breɪk daʊn/(phr.v): phân hủy 31. refillable /.ri:'fɪləbl/(adj): cĩ thể đổ đầy 32. recycle /,ri:'saɪkl/(v): tái chế 33. raw material /rɔː mə'tɪərɪəl/(n.phr): nguyên liệu thơ
2. 34. throw away /θrəʊ ə'weɪ/(phr.v): vứt 35. compulsory /kəm'pʌlsəri/(adj): bắt buộc 36. electrical appliance /ɪˈlektrɪkl ə'plaɪəns/ (n.phr): thiết bị điện SPEAKING 37. teenager /'ti:neɪdʒə(r)/ (n): thanh thiếu niên 38. dirty /'dɜːti/ (adj): bẩn thỉu 39. waste /weɪst/(v,n): gây, chất thải 40. shade /ʃeɪd/(n): bĩng râm LISTENING 41. announcement /ə'naʊnsmənt/(n): thơng báo 42. pick up /pɪk ʌp/(phr.v): nhặt rác 43. take part in /teɪk pɑːt ɪn/(v.phr): tham gia 44. water /'wɔːtə(r)/ (v): tưới nước WRITING 45. waste collection /weɪst kə'lɛkʃən/(n.phr): thu gom chất thải 46. suggestion /sə'dʒestʃən/ (n): đề xuất 47. safe for /seɪf fɔː/ (adj.phr): an tồn 48. action /'ỉkʃn/ (n): hành động COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE 49. climate change /'klaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ (n.phr): biến đổi khí hậu 50. collect information /kə'lɛkt ,ɪnfə'meɪʃən/ (v.phr): thu thập thơng tin 51. emissions /ɪˈmɪʃənz/(n): phát thải 52. calculate /'kỉlkjuleɪt(v): tính tốn 53. global temperatures /'gləʊbəl 'tɛmprɪʧəz/ (n.phr): nhiệt độ tồn cầu 54. heat /hi:t/(v): làm nĩng 55. public transport /'pʌblɪk 'trỉnspɔːt/ (n.phr): phương tiện cơng cộng 56. impact /'ɪmpỉkt/ (n): sự tác động LOOKING BACK 57. professor /prə'fesə(r)/(n): giáo sư 58. modern household /'mɒdən 'haʊshəʊld/ (n.phr): hộ gia đình hiện đại 59. driving test /'draɪvɪŋ test/ (n.phr): kiểm tra lái xe 60. congratulation /kən.ɡrỉtʃə'leɪʃn/(n): chúc mừng 61. be made of bi: meɪd ɒv/(v.phr): được làm bằng 62. wind energy /wɪnd 'ɛnəʤi/ (n.phr): năng lượng giĩ PROJECT 63. make a plan /meɪk ə plỉn/(v.phr): lập kế hoạch GRAMMAR: WILL or BE GOING TO + Chúng ta dùng will để nĩi về:
3. - kế hoạch được xây dựng ở thời điểm nĩi. - dự đốn dựa trên những gì chúng ta nghĩ hoặc chúng ta tin về tương lai. - Cấu trúc: S + will + V-nguyên thể + Chúng ta dùng be going to để nĩi về: - kế hoạch đã được xây dựng trước thời điểm nĩi. - dự đốn dựa trên những gì chúng ta nhìn thấy hoặc dựa vào hiểu biết. - Cấu trúc: I + am + going to + V-nguyên thể S (số ít) + is + going to + V-nguyên thể S (số nhiều) + are + going to + V-nguyên thể Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to. 1. A: Oh no! I’ve left my money at home B: Again? OK. I ___ pay for the dinner. 2. The weather forecast is good for the next few days. It___ be warm and sunny. 3. I think the final match ___ be very exciting. 4. They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday. They ___do a tour of the country. 5. I hope you ___ visit me in my home one day. 6. I can’t come to the party tomorrow. I ___ study for my exams. 7. A: It’s very hot in here. B: I ___turn on the air conditioner 8. I and my friends ___see a movie after class. Would you like to join us? GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE I. General rule: Active: S + V + O Passive: S + BE + V3/ ED + by O Ex: - She usually takes my car. → My car is usually taken by her. - He has sent his son to another school. → His son has been sent to another school. II. Active passive: 1 V1/s/es am / is / are + V3/ed 2 V2/ed was / were + V3/ed 3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3/ed 4 was / were + Ving was / were + being + V3/ed 5 has / have + V3/ed has / have + been + V3/ed 6 had +V3/ed had + been + V3/ed 7 will / would / can / could + V0 will / would / can / could + be + V3/ed may / might / must / should may / might / must / should 8 be going to / have to + V0 be going to / have to + be + V3/ed used to used to Decide whether the following sentences belong to the active voice or passive voice. 9. I have never been to Paris. (active voice/ passive voice) 10. I have never been arrested. (active voice/ passive voice) 11. The tower was built in 1802 by a French Artist. (active voice/ passive voice) 12. Nothing happened. (active voice/ passive voice)
4. 13. No one was injured by the fire. (active voice/ passive voice) 14. The award was given to the top student. (active voice/ passive voice) 15. We decided not to hire anyone. (active voice/ passive voice) 16. The pizza was delicious. (active voice/ passive voice) 17. The pizza was ordered. (active voice/ passive voice) 18. The pizza made me sick. (active voice/ passive voice) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice 19. The words ___ by the teacher. (to explain - Present simple) 20. My car ___while I was gardening. (to steal - Past simple) 21. A new restaurant ___next week (to open - Future simple) 22. Our street ___because of snow. (to close - Present continuous) 23. A new house ___by my parents next month. (to build - be going to) Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words. 24. People eat 40 million hamburgers every day. => 40 million hamburgers ___ every day. 25. People speak English all over the world => English ___ all over the world. 26. Where did they invent gun powder? => Where ___ gun powder ___ ? 27. The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend. => The missing girl ___ last weekend. 28. Tourists don’t visit this museum very often. => This museum ___ very often. 29. Workers are building a new fun park in town. => A new fun park ___ in town. 30. When did they translate this book into English? => When ___ this book ___ into English? 31. Women send thousands of emails to the star every month. => Thousands of emails ___ to the star every month. 32. Daisy brought me some fresh grapes. => I ___ some fresh grapes by Daisy. 33. Some dangerous looking men were following me the whole evening. => I ___ the whole evening by some dangerous looking men. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. 34. Pollution affects the environment in many ways. =>___ 35. The club's activities will raise people's awareness of environmental issues. =>___ 36. The local people planted many more trees in the neighbourhood last week. =>___ 37. The students are cleaning the school playground this morning. =>___ 38. Americans use around 100 billion plastic bags each year. =>___ 39. More and more people adopt a green lifestyle. =>___ 40. We are going to pick up rubbish in the central park this weekend. =>___
5. 41. The Youth Union will organise a campaign to protect the environment. =>___ Change the sentences into the active voice. 42. The children are helped by the policemen. The policemen ___. 43. A letter is being typed by the manager. The manager ___. 44. Sally’s little brother will be looked after by her. Sally ___. 45. Our window was broken by the robber. The robber ___. 46. The car has been cleaned by us. We ___. 47. I was offered a bike for my birthday by my parents. My parents ___. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences. 48. I'm afraid you___ for an interview. A. didn't selectB. haven't selected C. were not selected D. were not selecting 49. Her first novel___ into English last year. A. translatedB. was translated C. was translatingD. translate 50. Their suitcases are packed. They___ to the southern part of the country for their holiday. A. will travelB. travelled C. are going to travel D. was travelling 51. My brother___ a set of toys for his 7th birthday. A. was givenB. gave C. was givingD. give 52. Are you thirsty? I ___you a glass of water. A. will getB. am going to get C. have givenD. gave 53. This book ___in the classroom yesterday. A. was leftB. was leaving C. leavesD. left 54. A documentary about the wildlife___ on TV tonight. A. showB. will show C. showed D. is going to be shown 55. She is buying some sugar and flour. She ___a cake this evening. A. is going to makeB. makes C. madeD. has made 56. Listen! There's someone at the door. I ___ the door for you. A. am going to openB. am opening C. openD. will open 57. “Look at those dark clouds!“ - “Yes, it ___ in some minutes.” A. will rain B. is going to rain C. are going to rain D. is raining 58. It‘s very hot. ___ the window. please? A. Are you opening B. Are you going to open C. Will you openD. Won’t you open 59. Although I have taken some aspirin, the headache ___ away. A. isn‘t going B. isn’t going to C. not go D. won’t go 60. On Sunday at 8 o‘clock I ___ my friend. A. meet B. am going to meet C. will be meeting D. will meet 61. Wait! I ___ you to the station. A. am driving B. drive C. is going to drive D. will drive 62. I ___ my sister in April as planned. A. have seen B. will see C. am going to see D. see
6. 63. Perhaps I ___ New York one day. A. am visiting B. am going to visit C. visit D. will visit 64. What time ___ tomorrow? A. are you going to leave B. do you leave C. will you leave D. would you leave 65. Who ___ the next World Cup? A. is going to win B. is wining C. will win D. win 66. He ___ to the theatre tonight. He has got a free ticket. A. goes B. is going C. went D. will go 67. I ___ my parents at the weekend. I already bought a train ticket. A. visit B. am going to visit C. visited D. will visit 68. Don‘t touch that dog. It ___ you. A. bites B. is biting C. is going to bite D. will bite 69. It ___ that half of your plate should consist of vegetables and fruit. A. is suggested B. is suggesting C. suggestingD. suggests 70. Stephen William Hawking ___ on 8 January, 1942 in Oxford, England. A. bornB. has born C. is born D. was born 71. ___ by your father? A. Did that book write B. Did that book written C. Was that book writing D. Was that book written 72. The teacher ___ the student for lying. A. was punished B. is punished C. punishedD. has been punished 73. The injured ___ to the hospital in an ambulance. A. have takenB. was taking C. were takenD. were taking Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form. clean up set up recycle raise encourage adopt organise reduce 74. Doctors try to ___ awareness of the importance of adopting a green lifestyle. 75. We need to ___ the amount of waste you throw out every day. 76. We can prevent some diseases by ___ a healthier lifestyle. 77. Our club is going to have plans to ___ the beaches. 78. We ___ all our cans and bottles. 79. They will ___ a workshop about the benefits of green living. 80. There is a lot of work involved in ___ the campaign to recycle our waste. 81. That fine is not enough to ___ people to stop littering in the streets. Complete the sentences with the words given below. poison pollutes destroy waste burn save reuse recycle 82. Using cars ___ the atmosphere. 83. It’s wrong to ___ trees. We need them. 84. People must ___ the tigers in India. 85. We sometimes ___ plastic cartons. We put small plants in them. 86. It’s important to ___ more paper and glass. 87. Some families buy a lot of food and don’t eat them. They ___ it. 88. Rubbish in the river can ___ the fish. 89. It’s bad for the environment to ___ plastic bags. Complete the text with the words given below. disposable eco-friendly green pollute toxic recycle
7. How eco-friendly is your town? In our town, I don’t think we are very (90) ___ - we don’t think about the energy we use or the things we throw away. It’s bad to use a lot of (91) ___ plastic bags and create rubbish that isn’t biodegradable. I think people in my town need to (92)___ more paper and plastic and use more (93)___ energy, too. People often (94)___ the air and rivers with (95)___ waste. This is very unhealthy for people and animals. We need air and water that is clean and safe for everyone. 90.___ 92.___ 94.___ 91.___ 93.___ 95. ___ Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 96. Leave our electric appliances ___ when they are not ___ use is a bad habit. 97. It takes many years ___ plastic waste to break down ___ small pieces. 98. Both students and local people take part ___ the event to pick up rubbish ___ the central market. 99. We should set ___ more rubbish bins ___ public places to keep the environment clean and safe ___ everyone. Complete the following sentences with the words / phrases from the box. organic energy adopt awareness set up eco-friendly litter protect 100. More and more people ___ a green lifestyle, which is good for themselves and the environment. 101. ___farming is better for the environment because it doesn't use harmful chemicals. 102. The club hopes to raise public ___ of the environmental issues. 103. Students are reminded not to drop ___in the street. 104. Bamboo is considered to be one of the most ___building materials. 105. A way to save ___is to reduce the amount of electricity used at home. 106. Simple actions like putting rubbish in the bin can help to ___the environment. 107. The club was ___to encourage people to recycle more. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 108. You can save a lot of energy by turning off unnecessary household (appliances / chores). 109.(Natural / Nature) resources are materials from the Earth used to support life and meet people's needs. 110. More people turn to organic products because they do not contain harmful (chemicals / chemistry). 111. The club members hope to (raise / rise) people's awareness of environmental protection. 112. There are many simple ways to reduce the negative impact of using plastic on the (environment / environmental).
8. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 113. A. set B. encourage C. enjoyable D. environment 114. A. clean B. green C. beautiful D. heat 115. A. yoga B. young C. yellow D. rhythm 116. A. item B. organic C. plastic D. interesting 117. A. plastic B. organic C. natural D. take Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 118. A. protection B. neighbourhood C. natural D. energy 119. A. polluted B. dangerous C. organic D. recycled 120. A. compulsory B. electrical C. situation D. environment 121. A. sustainable B. eco-friendly C. refillable D. activity Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 122. It ___ that half of your plate consists of vegetables and fruit. A. suggests B. suggesting C. is suggested D. is suggesting 123. I ___ an interview for a scholarship tomorrow morning. A. will have B. am going to have C. will be having D. will have had 124. Not brushing your teeth regularly ___ plaque build up on your teeth. A. is going to let B. is going to allow C. will let D. will get 125. I ___ a good hot bath in ten minutes in order to take good care of my skin. A. will have B. will have had C. will be having D. is going to have 126. Someone’s carbon ___ is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce. A. effect B. amount C. footprint D. energy 127. The more carbon footprint we can ___, the more we can protect the environment. A. reduce B. increase C. cut D. achieve Complete the conversations by circling the best answers. Then practise reading them. 128. Mai: "I want to reduce my carbon footprint. ___" Lan: "You should change your daily habits. For example, you should take shorter showers to save energy." A. What should I do, Lan?B. How about the exam, Lan? C. What do you have, Lan?D. How do I change my routine, Lan? 129. Nam: Can you give me some advice on how to reduce air pollution in the city? Hoa: ___I would use public transport such as buses or trains. It's a very good way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A. If I liked youB. If I were youC. If I wishedD. If I wanted 130. Tuan: Can you give me some advice about living green? Minh: ___ use more organic food because it's good for your health and the environment. A. I advise you toB. I want you tC. I tell you toD. I ask you to 131. Long: I'm looking for a book on endangered animals but I haven't found a good one. ___ Hoa: How about searching it on our school library website? I hope you will find the one you need there. A. Can you show me the way to the library?B. Would you like to go to the bookshop? C. Can you give me some advice?D. Would you like to try it on Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 132. Look at the dark clouds. I’m sure it will rain soon. A B C D
9. 133. Many accidents is caused by careless driving. A B C D 134. She was gave a box full of chocolate. A B C D Read the text and choose the best answers. The most obvious advantage of living green is that it helps reduce environmental pollution. This is done by practising the 3Rs. The first R means choosing products very carefully to reduce waste as much as possible. Reusing involves the repeated use of items. The third R is about separating materials that can be recycled and later used for a new purpose. There are also economic benefits to living green. Reducing the use of energy and water can help save money on household bills. Furthermore, reusing products and materials is another way to make saving. It helps save on production costs since creating new products wastes materials and is expensive. Recycled products also last longer than new ones, making them a better and more eco-friendly option. Lastly, going green offers health benefits. It reduces air pollutants by making the air we breathe cleaner and healthier. This means fewer diseases and doctor's appointments. Another way to improve your health is to purchase organic foods and green products for your household. They don't use harmful chemicals that can lead to health issues. In turn, you are also supporting responsible farming methods that protect the environment. 135. What is the main idea of the text? A. The pros of a green lifestyle. B. Difficulties in adopting a green lifestyle. C. Trends in green living. 136. According to the text, how can we practise the 3Rs? A. By reducing waste as much as possible B. By reusing and recycling items C. By doing both A and B above 137. Which of the following is NOT given in the text as a benefit of living green? A. health benefitB. economic benefitC. community benefit 138. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ___. A. creating new productsB. reusing productsC. making savings 139. The word 'purchase' in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to___. A. exchangeB. sellC. buy Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 140. This surprises me. A. I am surprised by this.B. I was surprised by this. C. I will be surprised by this.D. I would have been surprised by this. 141. They were interviewing her for the job. A. She has been interviewed for the job.B. She was being interviewed for the job. C. She was interviewed for the job.D. She was interviewing for the job. 142. They may forget the password. A. The password may be forgot.B. The password may be forgotten. C. The password may been forgot.D. The password may have been forgotten. 143. The students should have done the assignment. A. The assignment should be done by the students.
10. B. The assignment should had been done by the students. C. The assignment should have been did by the students. D. The assignment should have been done by the students. 144. Everyone understands English. A. English has been understood by everyone. B. English is understood by everyone. C. English was being understood by everyone. D. English was understood by everyone. 145. The doctor told him not to talk during the meditation. A. He has been told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation. B. He was told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation. C. He was being told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation. D. He is told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. GREEN ENERGY Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (146) ___ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (147) ___. Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non- polluting. When it is called (148) ___, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that person (149) ___ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us. Wind power and solar power, (150) ___ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left. 146.A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant 147.A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out 148.A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective 149.A. along B. about C. within D. during 150.A. where B. when C. which D. what Use the verbs in their correct forms and add some words where necessary to make meaningful sentences. 151. Reduce / amount / air travel / way / reduce / carbon footprint. ___. 152. You / turn / appliances / when/ in use / save / energy ___. 153. Cut / plastic / products/reduce / plastic pollution. ___. 154. You / buy / organic / food / contain /harmful / chemicals ___. 155. Plant / trees / provide / shade / environment / beautiful. ___.
11. Talk about things you should do to make the environment better. You may use the suggested ideas in the box. You can start the talk with the sentence below. You can make the environment better by: - reducing the amount of energy you use in the home - using organic food - avoiding products that are made from plastic “There are several things I should do to make the environment better ” ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ I should do a number of actions to improve the environment. I should start by using less energy inside of my house. For instance, I must unplug all of the electrical devices when not in use. Second, I ought to utilize organic products because they're excellent for the environment as well as my health. Finally, I should refrain from using anything made of plastic. We should use as little plastic as possible because it takes a long time for plastic to decompose. Talk about things you should do to help reduce plastic pollution. There are many things you should do to help reduce plastic pollution. Firstly, you should reduce your use of plastic. You should avoid single-use plastic products such as straws or takeaway coffee cups. Instead, choose reusable products made from bamboo or metal. Besides, you should use strong, reusable shopping bags made from other materials rather than plastic. Secondly, you should reuse plastic. If you have plastic items, make sure you use them many times. For example, you can refill water bottles and reuse lunch boxes. Finally, you should recycle plastic whenever you can. Before you buy anything sold in plastic, check the recycling symbols. Always try to recycle plastic items instead of throwing them away in the rubbish bin. Remember that there are many things that are made from recycled plastic. Write a paragraph (120 – 150 words) about ways to reduce your carbon footprint. I have a number of options for lowering my carbon footprint. I should strive to conserve energy first. I can accomplish this by taking shorter showers and shutting off all electrical devices while not in use. I won't waste water or electricity thanks to this. Second, I should stop asking my dad to drive me and start using public transportation, such buses or trains. As a result, the air will be cleaner and contain fewer dangerous gases. Finally, since airplanes consume more energy than other forms of transportation, I can cut back on my air travel. I should limit my flying to large distances and try to avoid it as much as possible. I can significantly lower my carbon footprint by avoiding flying travel, using public transportation, and conserving energy and water.