Tiếng Anh 10 - Unit 01: Family life

Nội dung text: Tiếng Anh 10 - Unit 01: Family life

1. UNIT 1 FAMILY LIFE Cuộc sống gia đình VOCABULARY: 1. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n): lợi ích 2. breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r)/ (n): người trụ cột đi làm nuơi cả gia đình 3. chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n): cơng việc vặt trong nhà, việc nhà 4. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ (v): đĩng gĩp 5. critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ (a): hay phê phán, chỉ trích; khĩ tính 6. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ (a): to lớn, khổng lồ 7. equally shared parenting /ˈiːkwəli - ʃeə(r)d - ˈpeərəntɪŋ/ (np): chia sẻ đều cơng việc nội trợ và chăm sĩc con cái 8. extended family /ɪkˈstendɪd - ˈfỉməli/ (np): gia đình lớn gồm nhiều thế hệ chung sống 9. (household) finances /ˈhaʊshəʊld - ˈfaɪnỉns / (np): tài chính, tiền nong (của gia đình) 10. financial burden /faɪˈnỉnʃl - ˈbɜːdn/ (np): gánh nặng về tài chính, tiền bạc 11. gender convergence / ˈdʒendə(r) - kənˈvɜːdʒəns/(np): các giới tính trở nên cĩ nhiều điểm chung 12. grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ (n): thực phẩm và tạp hĩa 13. heavy lifting /ˌhevi ˈlɪftɪŋ/ (np): mang vác nặng 14. homemaker /ˈhəʊmmeɪkə(r)/ (n): người nội trợ 15. iron /ˈaɪən/ (v): là/ ủi (quần áo) 16. laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ (n): quần áo, đồ giặt là/ ủi 17. lay ( the table for meals) /leɪ/ : dọn cơm 18. nuclear family /ˌnjuːkliə ˈfỉməli/ (np): gia đình nhỏ chỉ gồm cĩ bố mẹ và con cái chung sống 19. nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/ (v): nuơi dưỡng 20. responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ (n): trách nhiệm I. The present simple tense (Ơn tập: Thì hiện tại đơn) 1) Cấu trúc a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form) I/We/You/They + Verb (nguyên thể) He/She/It + Verb-s/es Động từ chia ở hiện tại (Vi - bare infinitive) Ngơi thứ ba số ít, động từ thêm -s hoặc -es (thêm -es sau các động từ tận cùng là o, s, x, z, ch, sh). b) Thể phủ định (Negative form) - Đối với động từ be (am/is/are), thêm not sau be. Rút gọn: am not = ’m not; is not = isn’t; are not = aren’t. Ex: I am not/'m not a engineer. (Tơi khơng phải là kỹ sư.) - Đối với động từ thường, dùng trợ động từ do /does. I/We/You/They + do not + Verb (nguyên thể)
2. He/She/It + does not + Verb (nguyên thể) Rút gọn: do not => don’t; does not => doesn’t Ex: We don’t live far away. (Chúng tơi sống khơng xa đây lắm.) c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form) - Đối với động từ be, chuyển be ra đầu câu. Ex: Is she a teacher? (Cơ ấy là giáo viên hả?) - Đối với động từ thường, dùng Do/Does ở đầu câu. Do + I/we/you/they + Verb (nguyên thể)? Does + he/she/it + Verb (nguyên thể)? Ex: Do you live here? (Anh sống ở đây à?) 2) Cách dùng Thì hiện tại đơn được dùng để diễn tả: a) Sự kiện xảy ra ở vào một thời điểm hiện tại. Ex: She is in her office now. (Hiện giờ cơ ta đang ở trong văn phịng.) b) Một sự thật hiển nhiên, luơn đúng. Ex: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. (Mặt trời mọc ở hướng Đơng và lặn ở hướng Tây.) Rice doesn’t grow in cold climates. (Lúa khơng mọc ở vùng cĩ khí hậu lạnh.) c) Sự bày tỏ tình cảm, ý kiến, quan điểm và trạng thái mà được xem như là khơng thay đổi ở hiện tại. Ex: I think it’s a good idea. (Tơi cho dĩ là ý kiến hay.) I live in Ho Chi Minh City. (Tơi sống ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.) He works in the bank. (Anh ta làm, việc ở ngân hàng.) d) Một hành động lặp đi lặp lại cĩ tính chất thường xuvên (thĩi quen). Ex: I usually have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning. (Mỗi buổi sáng tơi thường ăn sáng vào lúc 7 giờ.) She gets up early every morning. (Sáng nào cơ ấy cũng thức dậy sớm.) Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với một số trạng từ như: - always, often, sometimes, usually, now - every + time (every day, every week, every month, ), in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. II. The present progressive (Ơn tập: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) 1) Cấu trúc a) Affirmative form (Thế khẳng định)
3. Subject + am/is/are + V-ing Ex: I am reading in the library. (Tơi đang đọc sách trong thư viện.) b) Negative form (Thể phủ định) Subject + am/is/are + not + V-ing Ex: I am not watching television now. I am listening to music. (Hiện giờ tơi khơng phải dang xem ti vi. Tơi đang nghe nhạc.) c) Interrogative form (Thể nghi vấn) Am/Is/Are + s + V-ing? Ex: Are you listening to music now? - No, I am not. (Bạn đang nghe nhạc phải khơng? - Khơng, hiện giờ tơi khơng nghe nhạc.) 2) Cách dùng Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả: a) Hành động đang diễn ra ngay lúc nĩi. Ex: I am watching TV. (Tơi đang xem ti vi.) b) Hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại, mang tính chất tạm thời. Ex: I often wear a blue T-shirt. I am wearing a red shirt today. (Bình thường tơi mặc áo thun xanh. Hơm nay tơi mặc cái áo sơ mi màu đỏ.) c) Hành động xảy ra ở hiện tại nhưng khơng nhất thiết phải xảy ra ngay lúc nĩi. Ex: My mother is teaching a secondary school. (Mẹ tơi đang dạy ở một trường cấp hai.) d) Hành động ở tương lai và thường đi kèm với một số động từ : sự di chuyển như: go, come, leave, move. Cách dùng này thường phải kết hợp với trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian tương lai. Ex: My friend is moving to another place next week. (Bạn tơi sẽ chuyển đi nơi khác vào tuần tới.) e) Hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại gây sự bực mình hay khĩ chịu cho người nĩi. Cách dùng này được dùng với trạng từ always, continually, constantly. Ex: Every time Nam sees me, he is always borrowing me money. (Mỗi lần Nam gặp tơi, anh ấy thường mượn tơi tiền.) I’m continually making silly mistakes. (Tơi liên tục phạm những lỗi ngớ ngẩn.) Lưu ý: Khơng dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác hoặc sự sở hữu như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smelly love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, own belong, have, Với các động từ này, ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn (present simple). Ex: I am tired now. (Bây giờ tơi đang mệt.) She wants to go for a walk at the moment. (Lúc này cơ ta muốn đi dạo.) 3) Cách thêm “-ing” vào động từ (V-ing)
4. - Thơng thường chúng ta them đuơi -ing sau các động từ. Ex: watch => watching, do => doing - Các động từ kết thúc bởi đuơi "e", chúng ta bỏ "e" sau đĩ thêm đuơi "-ing". Ex: invite => inviting, write => writing - Các động từ kết thúc bởi đuơi 'ie", chúng ta đổi "ie" thành 'y' rồi thêm "ing". Ex: lie => lying, die => dying, - Các động từ kết thúc bởi đuơi "ee", chúng ta chỉ cần thêm đuơi "-ing". Ex: see => seeing - Khi một động từ cĩ âm kết thúc ở dạng "phụ âm-nguyên âm-phụ âm”: + Nếu động từ đĩ một âm tiết (hay âm tiết đĩ được nhấn âm khi đọc) thì ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối rồi khi thêm “-ing” vào. Ex: stop => stopping; plan => planning; run => running; begin => beginning + Cịn nếu động từ đĩ khơng nhấn âm vào âm kết thúc dạng “phụ âm - nguyên âm - phụ âm” khi đọc hay trường hợp phụ âm cuối (phụ âm kết thúc) là h, w, x thì vẫn giữ nguyên động từ đĩ và thêm "-ing" vào. Ex: open => opening; visit => visiting; listen => listening; happen => happening; draw => drawing; wax => waxing Exercise 1: Choose the letter A, B, C or D the word that has the underlined part different from others. Question 1: A. benefit B. winner C. extended D. gender Question 2: A. chore B. grocery C. household D. control Question 3: A. financial B. benefit C. critical D. contribute Question 4: A. heavy B. breadwinner C. pear D. weather Question 5: A. burden B. homemaker C. grocery D. equal Question 6: A. lifting B. iron C. family D. responsibility Question 7: A. nurture B. extended C. lifting D. critical Exercise 2: Choose the letter A, B, C or D the word that has different stress pattern from others. Question 8: A. equal B. extend C. gender D. heavy Question 9: A. financial B. convergence C. family D. contribute Question 10: A. parent B. burden C. iron D. nuclear Question 11: A. nuture B. laundry C. confide D. finance Question 12: A. benefit B. contribute C. enormous D. financial Question 13: A. breadwinner B. heavy C. household D. conduct Question 14: A. laundry B. extended C. equal D. nurture Question 15: A. grocery B. convergence C. critical D. parenting Exercise 3: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Question 1: Sam didn't get much formal ___. A. school B. schooling C. schooldays D. schoolgirl Question 2: All her life she had a ___ trust in other people. A. child B. childlike C. childish D. childless Question 3: My father is the ___ of my family and my mother is the homemaker.
5. A. breadwinner B. finance C. household D. nurture Question 4: He is having a lot of difficulties, ___? A. doesn’t it B. isn’t it C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he Question 5: Both men and women should ___ responsibility for equal shared parenting. A. have B. get C. hold D. take Question 6: We wish ___ to college next year. A. go B. to go C. going D. shall go Question 7: An ___ family is a family with more than two generation living together under the same roof. A. nuclear B. happy C. extended D. shared Question 8: He suggests ___ to France this summer time. A. travel B. to travel C. travelling D. traveled Question 9: Despite ___ burden, his mother tried to raise him by herself. A. finances B. financial C. financially D. finance Question 10: We would love ___ three cups of coffee. A. have B. to have C. having D. had Question 11: I don’t know how to ___ the laundry or iron clothes. A. do B. make C. have D. look Question 12: ___he is tired, he can’t work longer. A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides Question 13: His idea contributes a lot ___ our project. A. in B. of C. with D. to Question 14: When he was a boy, he was always willing to join in a ___ of football. A. match B. play C. game D. group Question 15: ___ in Shanghai than in any other city in China. A. More people live B. More people living C. It has more people D. More living people Exercise 4: Read the passage below and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE? I’m Brian. I belong to a middle class family. There are six members in my family. They are our parents, grandparents, I and my younger sister. Our grandfather is the head of the family. He enjoys a commanding position. His decision is final in family matters. Nobody can dare to go against him. Everybody respects him. He is the guardian of the family. He is a cool and considerate man. He is just and fair. His decision is never influenced by any other. He is a retired teacher. He helps us in our study. Our grandmother tells good stories. My father is a police officer. He is a great disciplinarian. He is sincere and hardworking. He always goes to office in time. My mother is a simple housewife. She is a postgraduate in English. She is soft-natured and caring. She takes great care of us. She does not care for her comfort for us. She looks after our grandparents. She helps the poor and the needy. She is religious and God-fearing.
6. Our family has been known for discipline and values. We give great importance to values and morals in life. Since our early childhood, we are taught to respect the elders and love the children. We learnt the lesson of punctuality and honesty from our grandfather. It is due to the good education of our grandparents that we could excel both in sports and education. Since our childhood we have been put into the habit of rising early in the morning. This has a natural effect on our health and physical fitness. Our family is like a heaven. There is peace, prosperity, love and care. The younger’s have regard and respect for the elders while the elders shower them with their love and affection. The instructions of the elders are followed with great respect. If a member has some problem the whole family is beside him. I am proud of my family. Question 1: How many people in Brian’s family ? A. True B. False Question 2: His father’s decision is the most important in his family. A. True B. False Question 3: His grandfather’s decisions can be affected by grandmother’s opinions. A. True B. False Question 4: His father is disciplined. A. True B. False Question 5: His mother is gentle and considerate. A. True B. False Question 6: His grandfather taught him how to be on time and honest. A. True B. False Question 7: He doesn’t get used to getting up early in the morning. A. True B. False Question 8: Family members have mutual respects within the family. A. True B. False Question 9: Every members tries to solve their own problems. A. True B. False Question 10: Brian love his family. A. True B. False Exercise 5: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below Home is place where I feel heaven and my parents are the reason ___ (11) it. We, as a family have spent the best times of life. Only when we are at home, we feel happy. Both my father ___ (12) mother are working. ___ (13), we find time to share our daily experiences. My mother ___ (14) extra care to prepare the most delicious food I like and she is my best friend. My father has always been my best companion and I would say he is my mentor. Without my parents, I ___ (15) what I am today. I love my parents very much and we always wish to be the lovable family as we are now, ever. Question 11: A. in B. for C. of D. on Question 12: A. and B. or C. but D. so Question 13: A. Although B. However C. Because D. Therefore Question 14: A. dos B. gets C. has D. takes
7. Question 15: A. would have not been B. would not have been C. would been have not D. would been not have Exercise 6: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences with given words Question 1: When/ we/ go/ back/ the bookstore, we/ buy/ book/ we/ wanted. A. When we go back to the bookstore, we will buy the book we wanted. B. When we will go back to the bookstore, we buy the book we wanted. C. When we go back to the bookstore, we buy the book we wanted. D. When we will go back to the bookstore, we will buy the book we wanted. Question 2: The workers/ stopped/ work/ take/ a rest/ because/ they/ felt/ tired. A. The workers stopped work to take a rest because they felt tired. B. The workers stopped to working take a rest because they felt tired. C. The workers stopped working to take a rest because they felt tired. D. The workers stopped to work taking a rest because they felt tired. Question 3: Napoleon/ attack/ the/ West Indian island/ of/ Santo Domingo/ 1801. A. Napoleon attacks the West Indian island of Santo Domingo in 1801. B. Napoleon attacking the West Indian island of Santo Domingo on 1801. C. Napoleon attacked the West Indian island of Santo Domingo in 1801. D. Napoleon attack the West Indian island of Santo Domingo on 1801. Question 4: Family/ play/ important/ role/ everyone’s life. A. Family plays an important role in everyone’s life. B. Family plays the important role on everyone’s life. C. Family plays the important role in everyone’s life. D. Family plays an important role on everyone’s life. Question 5: Both/ parents/ should/ take/ responsibility/ child raising. A. Both parents should take responsibility about child raising. B. Both parents should take responsibility for child raising. C. Both parents should take responsibility of child raising. D. Both parents should take responsibility with child raising. Exercise 7: Rearrange the sentences to make meaningful sentences Question 6: What/ can/ to/ you/ parents/ do/ a/ hand/ give/ with/ your/ the housework? A. What you can do to give your parents a hand with the housework? B. What do you can to give your parents a hand with the housework? C. What do you can give to your parents a hand with the housework? D. What can you do to give your parents a hand with the housework? Question 7: I/ when/ mother/ usually/ in/ having/ my/ confide/ problems. A. I usually confide my mother in when having problems. B. I usually confide when having problems in my mother. C. I usually confide in when my mother having problems. D. I usually confide in my mother when having problems. Question 8: At/ moment/ the, we/ a/ reading/ novel/ are. A. At the moment, we are reading a novel. B. At the moment, we are a novel reading.
8. C. At moment the, we are reading a novel. D. At the moment, we reading are a novel. Question 9: They/ Anna's/ telling/ new/ us/ are/ boyfriend/ about. A. They Anna's new boyfriend are telling us about. B. They are telling us about Anna's new boyfriend. C. They are about telling us Anna's new boyfriend. D. They are telling us about new Anna's boyfriend. Question 10: He was so lazy that he never washed his clothes by himself. A. He was lazy so that he never washed his clothes by himself. B. He was so lazy that he never washed his clothes by himself. C. He never washed his clothes by himself that he was so lazy. D. He was never so lazy that he washed his clothes by himself. xercise 8: Rewrite sentences without changing the meaning Question 11: It is earth's gravity that gives people their weight. A. People have weight because gravity. B. People have weight thanks to gravity. C. People have weight despite gravity. D. People have weight in view to gravity. Question 12: He took a taxi so that he wouldn't be late. A. In order to be late, he took a taxi. B. To be late, he took a taxi. C. In order not to be late, he took a taxi. D. So as to be late, he took a taxi. Question 13: If he doesn’t come to the theater with me, I shall go alone. I shall go alone unless he comes to the theater with me. B. I shall go alone in case he comes to the theater with me. C. I shall go alone without he comes to the theater with me. D. I shall go alone if he comes to the theater with me. Question 14: He didn’t answer the questions correctly despite his intelligence. A. Because he is intelligent, he didn’t answer the questions correctly. B. Although he is intelligent, he didn’t answer the questions correctly. C. In spite he is intelligent, he didn’t answer the questions correctly. D. Instead he is intelligent, he didn’t answer the questions correctly. Question 15: There are 5 people in my family. A. My family has 5 people. B. Five people is too many. C. There live 5 people in my family. D. In my family has 5 people.