Tiếng Anh 7 - The passive voice

Nội dung text: Tiếng Anh 7 - The passive voice

1. THE PASSIVE VOICE 1. Use of Passive (Cách sử dụng của câu bị động) : Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là người hay vật gì cũng không quá quan trọng. Ex: My bike was stolen OR A mistake was made. 2. Form (Cấu trúc): S +(V) + O SO + (BE) + P2 + BY + OS Tân ngữ câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ câu chủ động. Câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “be” ở câu bị động chia ở thì đó. By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Nếu sau “by” là đại từ vô nhân xưng mang nghĩa người ta như by people, by somebody, thì ta bỏ “by o” đi. Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by” nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”. Ex: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter. Trong một số trường hợp “be/ get +P2” hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:  Chỉ trạng thái, tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải: Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone ? He got lost in the maze (mê cung) of the town yesterday.  Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy: Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly. I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts (những con ốc). Với động từ khuyết thiếu (MV) : Can, may, must, should, have to, ought to, used to S+ (MV) + V + O So + (MV)+ be + P2 +by +O Các thì Chủ động Bị động 1. Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - Mary studies English every - English is studied by Mary everyday. day. 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - He is planting some trees - Some trees are being planted (by him) now. now. 3. Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed + O S + was/were + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She wrote a letter yesterday. - A letter was written (by her) yesterday. 4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - They were buying a car at 9 - A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday. am yesterday. 5. Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + P2 + O S + have/ has + been + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - My parents have given me a - A new bike has been given to me by my new bike on my birthday. parents on my birthday. 6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp S + have/ has + been + V-ing S + have/ has + been + being + P2 +(by + diễn + O O) - This car has been being repaired by John for - John has been repairing this 2 hours. car for 2 hours. 7. Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2 + (by O)
2. - He had finished his report - His report had been finished before 10 p.m before 10 p.m yesterday. yesterday. 8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp S + had + been + V-ing + O S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O) diễn - The essay had been being typed for 3 hours - I had been typing the essay before you came yesterday. for 3 hours before you came yesterday. 9. Tương lai đơn S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O S + will + be + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She will do a lot of things - A lot of things will be done tomorrow. tomorrow. 10. Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She will be taking care of her - Her children will be being taken care of at children at this time tomorrow this time tomorrow. 11. Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + P2 + O S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She will have finished her - Her studying will have been finished by the studying by the end of this end of this year. year. 12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp S + will + have + been + V- S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O) diễn ing + O Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - English will have been being taught by me - I will have been teaching for 5 years by next week. English for 5 years by next week. 3. Một số câu bị động đặc biệt: Cấu trúc câu bị động nhờ ai làm gì đó làm gì: S + (have) + Ochỉ người + V + Ochỉ vật / S + (get) + Ochỉ người + to V + Ochỉ vật S + (have) / (get) + Ochỉ vật + P2 + (by +Ochỉ người ) Ex: I have Tom cut my hair. I have my hair cut (by Tom). My mother gets me to bring the chair into the room. My mother gets the chair brought into the room. Với “Make” (bắt buộc ai làm gì): S + (make) + O + V + So + (be) + made + to V Ex: He makes me work harder. I am made to work harder. Với “ let” (để ai làm gì/ cho phép ai làm gì): S + (let) + O + V So + (be) + allowed + to V Ex: He lets me drive his car. I am allowed to drive his car. Bị động đối với động từ chỉ ý kiến, thông báo: Các động từ : Say, think, believe, suppose (giả sử), report (thông báo), suspect(nghi ngờ), rumor (đồn), consider (băn khoăn, cho rằng) (V1) S1 + (V1) + that + S2 + (V2) +  Cách 1: It + (be) + P2 (V1) + that + S2 + (V2)  Cách 2: to V ( nếu V1, V2 cùng thì, hoặc V2 xảy ra sau V1 ) S2 + (be) + P2 (V2) + to have P2 (nếu V2 chia ở các thì hoàn thành, hoặc V2 xảy ra trước V1) Ex: People said that she was very kind. -> It was said that she was very kind.-> She was said to be very kind.
3. Bị động với nhóm V chỉ giác quan S + V1 (see / hear/ feel/ watch/ observe/ catch ) + O + V2/ V2-ing (nếu V2 đang xảy ra) → So +( be) + P2 (V2) + to V / Ving Ex: I saw him climbing over the wall.→ He was seen climbing over the wall. I heard her sing a very beautiful song.→ She was heard to sing a very beautiful song. Bị động với động từ 2 tân ngữ (riêng “buy” thì dùng “to”): buy, give, show, tell, ask, teach, send ,bring S + (V) + Ongười + Ovật S(Ongười) + (be) + P2 + Ovật (by + Os) S(Ovật) + (be) + P2 + to Ongười (by Os) Thông thường chủ ngữ hợp lý cho câu bị động là Ovật Ex: My friend gave me a present on my birthday. A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday/ I was given a present on my birthday by my friend. Bị động với cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả : It + (be) + adj + to V + O → It + (be) + adj + for O + to be + P Ex: It's necessary to learn English. → It's necessary for English to be learnt. It's important to prepare the lessons before school. → It's important for the lessons to be prepared before school. Note: Khi trong câu dùng: "possible" hoặc "impossible" → can be done/ can't be done Ex: It's impossible to learn a foreign language in a week. → A foreign language can't be learnt in a week. It's impossible to do this. → This can't be done. Bị động đối với câu mệnh lệnh: V + O Cách 1: S + should/must + be +P2. Cách 2: Let O be P2 Ex: Turn on the lights! The lights should be turned on. Write your name here. Let your name be written here. EXERCISES: A. Mức độ nhận biết: Bài tập 1: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. All bottles ___ before transportation. A. frozen B. is frozen C. was frozen D. were frozen 2. The room ___ once a day. A. should clean B. should be cleaning C. should have clean D. should be cleaned 3. Everything ___. A. were forbidden B. is forbidden C. is forbidded D.are forbidden 4. Everything ___. A. are going to be forgotten B. is going to be forgot C. is going to be forgotten D. were going to be forgotten 5. It must ___ without delay. A. be done B. have been done C. do D. be doing 6. It ___ for years. A. has not be known B. had not been known C. had not be known D. have not been known 7. It ___ that learning English is easy. A. are said B. said C. is said D. is sayed 8. John and Ann ___.
4. A. were not misleed B. were not misleeded C. was not misled D. were not misled 9. Our horses___. A. are well feeded B. are well fed C. is well fed D. is well feeded 10. Peter and Tom ___ in an accident yesterday. A. is hurt B. is hurted C. were hurt D. were hurted 11. South Florida and Hawaii ___ by a hurricane A. is hit B. have been hit C. have are hit D. has been hit 12. The battles for liberation ___. A. had be fought B. had been fighted C. had been fought D. has been fought 13. The room ___every day by Tommy. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. cleaned 14. Joe’s leg ___while he was playing football. A. broke B. was breaking C. was broken D. was being broken 15. When the accident happened, the police ___immediately. A. were called B. called C. were calling D. had called 16. Nobody ___in the accident, so the ambulance___ A. was injured / wasn’t needed B. was injured / not needed C. injured / wasn’t needed D. injured / needed 17. Her purse___from her handbag, although she had put it there a moment before. A. is disappeared B. disappeared C. was disappearing D. disappears 18. That book ___by a famous author. A. wrote B. was written C. is writing D. has written 19. The children’s song ___ by one of the parents. A. is taping B. are being taped C. are taping D. is being taped 20. A few days ago, Tom’s car ___ by one of the teenagers in his neighborhood. A. was stealing B. was stole C. has been stolen D. was stolen Bài tập 2: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. “Can’t we do something about the situation?” “Something ___ right now” A. is doing B. is done C. is being done D. has been doing 2. The academic year in England ___ into three terms. A. divides B. is divided C. are divided D. divide 3. Vietnamese goods ___to many European countries. A. have exported B. have been exported C. have been exporting D. have being exported 4. This kind of cloth___in warm water only. A. must wash B. must be washing C. must be washed D. must washed 5. When we talked about the accident, no names ___ A. were mentioning B. to be mentioning C. were mentioned D. to be mentioned 6. “Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they___in Russia.” A. were painted B. were paint C. were painting D. painted
5. 7. “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from the ballroom.” “Don’t worry. They ___ them before the dance begins.” A. will have been moved B. will have moved C. were moved D. moved 8. Gold___in California in the 19th century. A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discovered 9. All planes ___ before departure. A. will checked B. will have checked C. will be checked D. will been checked 10. “Are we about to have dinner?” “Yes, it___in the dining room.” A. is serving B. serves C. is being served D. served 11. The music at the party was very loud and ___ from far away. A. can hear B. could hear C. can be heard D. could be heard 12. Mark ___ a lot by his friends, isn’t he? A. is influenced B. is influencing C. isn’t influenced D. isn’t influencing 13. My wedding ring___ of yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. maked 14. If your brother ___, he would come. A. invited B. was invited C. were inviting D. invite 15. Mr. Wilson is ___as Wilie to his friend. A. knowed B. knew C. known D. is known 16. References ___ in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 17. Laura___in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 18. My nother is going___ this house. A. sold B. to be sold C. to sold D. to sell 19. There’s somebody hehind us. I think we are___ A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 20. Have you ___by a dog? A. bite B. ever been bit C. ever been bitten D. bit Bài tập 3: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. The room is being ___at the moment. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 2. The road to our village ___widened next year. A. is B. will C. can D. will be 3."What a beautiful dress you're wearing!" "Thank you. It ___ especially for me by a French tailor". A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made 4. "Where's the old chicken coop?" "It ___by a windstorm last year" A. destroy B. is destroyed C. was destroyed D. destroyed
6. 5."We're still looking for Thomas". "Hasn't he___ yet?" A. been found B. to find C. found D. being found 6. The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long". "It___by Thelma Rivers" A. was catching B. caught C. was caught D. catch 7. The word “jeans” comes from a kind of material that___ in Europe. A. made B. had made C. was made D. are made 8. The application form___ to the university before May 31st. A. must send B. sent C. must be send D. must be sent 9. Traffic rules___ strictly. A. followed B. must followed C. must be followed D. must follow 10. Students___ to participate in the after school activities. A. encourage B. is encouraged C. are encouraged D. encouraged 11. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle___last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 12. Today many serious childhood diseases___by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 13. “When___?” “In 1928” A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover 14. Vitamin C___ by the human body. It gets into the blood stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing. C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily 15. About 15,000 years ago, that region ___under ice a mile deep. A. buried B. was burying C. was buried D. had buried 16. All the homework___ at home. A. should do B. should done C. should be done D. should be doing 17. Different styles of jeans___ to match the 1960’s fashions. A. designed B. have designed C. were designed D. had designed 18. The ao dai___ for years. A. is modernized C. have been modernized B. was modernized D. has been modernized 19. Food___ direct to the market by trucks. A. delivered B. deliver C. can be delivered D. delivers 20. The house has___ after the fire. A. to rebuild B. to be rebuilt C. be to rebuilt D. rebuilt Bài tập 4: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. A new hospital___ next year. A. is built B. will be built C. has been built D. will build 2. ___ to you yet? A. Are the book been giving back B. Was the book been given back
7. C. Has been the book given back D. Has the book been given back 3. Renoir’s paintings ___ masterpieces all over the world. A. had considered B. are considered C. are considering D. consider. 4. This house is going___next week. A. sold B. to be sold C. to sold D. to sell 5. This lamp___. A. was made in Korea last year. B. made in Korea last year. C. was made last year in Korea. D. last year was made in Korea. 6. ___every day? A. Does the room clean B. Is the room cleaned C. Does the room cleans D. Is the room being cleaned 7. "Why is Stanley in jail?" "He___of robbery". A. has been convicted B. has been convicting C. has convicted D. convicted 8. Our children ___to school by bus every morning. A.take B. are taken C. have taken D. are taking 9. The house ___by the thief yesterday. A. broken B. were broken C. was broken D. is broken 10. Education ___ to be the most important element to develop a country. A.often be considered B. can be often considered C. can often considered D. can often be considered 11. The refreshments___by Karen. A. are going to be prepared B. are going to prepare C. are preparing D. are to prepare 12. Japanese___at the meeting. A.will speak B. will spoken C. will be spoken D. will be speaking 13. ___in that company? A. Do shoes make B. Are shoes be made C. Shoes are made D. Are shoes made 14. Harvard University ___as one of the best universities in the world for hundreds of years. A. has regarded B. is regarded C. has been regarded D. regards 15. About 15,000 years ago, northern Wisconsin ___ under ice a mile deep. A. buried B. was burying C. was buried D. had buried Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning. 1.People know that cars pollute the environment. Cars are known 2.People believe that the robber has worked in the bank. The robber is believed 3.Many people believe that she is an honest person. She is 4.They think that the president will arrive soon. The president is 5.It is reported that many passengers died in the crash. Many passengers are 6.It is expected that the prices will rise again this month. The prices are 7.It is proved that life doesn‟t exist on the moon. Life is proved not
8. 8.They said that he has passed the final exam with the best result. He is 9.People sais he was in the army. He 10.It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car. The man 11.People say that he has been all over the world. He is 12.It is believed that the man is 108 years old. The man is believed to 13.People believe that Omachi is from Quangnam. Omachi 14. They think that Danny can clean the floor. Danny 15. They thought that Nha had had her photos taken. Nha 16. People think that Omachi has been punished by the teacher. Omachi 17. They think Benam will attend the party. Benam 18. They said that Junbi found sick 2 weeks ago. It Junbi 19. People believe that Leanh is suffering from something serious. Leanh 20. People say that four members have been dismissed from the class Four members EXERCISES I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice. 1. They grow rice in tropical countries.→ ___ 2. Mr. Green loves his children very much. → 3. People don‟t speak French here.→ ___ 4. Someone broke his windows last night. → 5. The police didn‟t find the lost boy yesterday. → 6. About thirty million people are watching this live show now. → 7. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time. → 8. Jack has typed the article recently.→ ___ 9. The police haven‟t found the murderer yet. → 10. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time. → 11. They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it. → 12. Children should treat old men with respect. → 13. The computer can do all the accounts.→ ___ 14. They are going to build a new school.→ ___ 15. He isn‟t going to buy that house.→ ___ 16. They will pull down that building→ ___ 17. The teacher won‟t correct the exercises tomorrow. → 18. You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place.
9. → 19. Police had to break the meeting up. → 20. She used to pull my hat over my eyes. →