Tiếng Anh 10 - Chuyên đề 20: Multiple choice reading

Nội dung text: Tiếng Anh 10 - Chuyên đề 20: Multiple choice reading

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: MULTIPLE CHOICE READING 1. Reading for gist a. Tips - Finding the tittle, heading, sub-headings (if any), key content, key words first (which word is more repeated) - Paying attention to topic sentence (often in the first/last sentence of each passage) - Grasping the transition words (first, next, furthermore, besides, ) - Taking notice of organization + Chronological/Time order (History, the development of , century, the inventor, ) + Cause-effect(caused by, lead to, effect, be blamed for, be attributed to) + Problem-solution ( should/ can be done to solve ) + Compare and contrast (same, similar, similarity, difference, different, alike, while, whereas, - Matching passage info with answer options (synonyms, paraphrases) b. Question format Identifying the text structure + What is the organization/structure of the passage? Identifying the source of text + The passage can be found in Identifying targeted readers + What kind of reader does the passage aim at? + Who is the targeted reader of the passage? Reading for gist - What is the passage mainly about? - What does the author/passage mainly discuss? - Which of the following can be the tittle of the passage? - What’s the writer main purpose? - The passage mainly discuss the following EXCEPT c. Practice Type 1: Identifying text structure Passage 1 Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution. Pollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the environment. The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken. The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear accidents These can have terrible consequences
2. on people and the planet where they live: destruction of the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air Preventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate the application of the principles of sustainable development. we have to consider to satisfy the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should remedy existing pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to protect the environment and public health. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment. Passage 2: A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one-to-eight people, have four wheels and mainly transport people rather than goods. Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts. In Europe and other parts of the world, demand for automobiles did not increase until after World War II. [ ] Passage 3: Though it’s sometimes hard to believe, our modern canine friends are related to wolves—most closely to the gray wolf. The two animals are thought to share a common, extinct wolf ancestor. But dogs and wolves are very different in terms of evolution and behavior. So, what are the major differences between wolves and dogs? Read on for all the reasons that these animals are distinct from one another, and why we should appreciate them both. First: same species or not? This question is a bit complicated, actually. For years, wolves and dogs were considered separate species: canis familiaris and canis lupus. However, more recently, scientists generally agree they are both a sub-species of canis lupus. Unlike dogs and foxes, wolves and dogs can reproduce, creating the controversial wolf-dog. When two animals can create a fertile offspring, they’re considered to be of the same species. You can read an excellent in-depth analysis of the question of wolf vs. dog species classification here. And for further understanding about the dog genome, this is a dense, yet fascinating, breakdown from Nature. [ ] Type 2: Identifying text’s source Passage 1:
3. Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war. Substantial progress was achieved from l986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty. Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US- Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime. Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003. Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade long negotiation process. This should provide an important boost to the economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms. Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal policies to stem high inflation. Hanoi is targeting an economic growth rate of 7.5-8% during the next five years. 1. The passage can be found in A. newspaper B. geography lesson C. magazines D. tourist brochure Passage 2: UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its full name United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Almost all countries in the world - and nearly all UN members - belong to UNESCO. Nations belong to UNESCO provide most of the agency's funds. UNESCO was founded in 1964 and has headquarters in Paris. UNESCO seeks to increase respect for justice, law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms for all people. The agency carries out programmes to promote these aims only at the request of its members. Many of the agency's decisions can be carried out in a particular country only if the government of the nation agrees. UNESCO stresses the development and quality of education, the sharing of cultures, and the increase and peaceful use of scientific knowledge. The organization encourages artists, scientists, students, and teachers to travel, study, and work in other countries. It focuses on the use of the social sciences to help solve problems as discrimination and violence. UNESCO stimulates scientific research on such issues as energy use and environmental protection. It works with other UN agencies to help developing countries.
4. 2. The passage can be found at A. newspaper B. encyclopedia C. magazines D. tourist brochure Type 3: Identifying targeted readers Passage 1: JOB INTERVIEW - SELLING YOURSELF When you apply for a job, one of the most important things is job interview. In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself for the interview carefully. Punctuation is very necessary. You should arrive in plenty of time so that you have a little of time to relax and keep calm before the interview. You should be well dressed. Do not wear a skirt which is too short or jeans. You also need to plan what you are going to say. You have to answer a lot of questions about your education and experience. You may be asked many things about yourself, and especially about the reason why you decide to apply for the job. You can ask the interviewer about the salary you expect, the position you are applying and the duties you have to do in the job. You also must try to find out as much as possible about the Company you want to work for. 1. Who are the targeted readers of the passage? A. employers B. job seekers C. businessperson D. environmentalist Passage 2: To lose weight and not regain it, your body needs to be healthy, well nourished. You shouldn’t feel that eating is a problem, that is, you should make peace with food. Have you noticed that those who live on a diet are always worried about what they will eat, what they would like to eat but “cannot”, and with the amount of calories from each leaf of lettuce on the plate ?!? No one should be forced to go through this type of stress just because they’re overweight. Avoid restriction I like to reinforce this always – if you deprive your body of eating, it will understand that something isn’t right and will send the following message to your brain: “we’re experiencing a shortage and we need to store fat!” Yes, fat is the body’s defense mechanism. Look for moderation Try to satisfy your desires without overdoing it. When going out to eat at a pizzeria, for example, there’s no need to eat four slices in less than ten minutes. If you eat slowly, taste the flavor of each ingredient, enjoy the moment and the company, chew slowly, give time for the feeling of satiety to
5. arrive, you’ll notice that you feel satisfied with less. If you give yourself the permission to eat, you will not overeat. 2. Who are the targeted readers of the passage? A. Those who want to gain weight B. Those who are overweight C. Those who want to take up a new kind of sport D. People who want to do dietary research Type 4: Idetifying the gist of the passage Passage 1: At first glance, there is little in Horton to attract people. The other nearby towns have much more to offer: Bradfield has its river and historic buildings, while Newtown has shops and entertainment. The buildings of Horton look dirty and unloved. For shops, there is a small supermarket, a few bargain shops, a bakery which, strangely, does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sad-looking flowers. Even so, Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns. Firstly, it has a country park. Four thousand years ago, this was an important fort. There are no historic remains here now, but there are wonderful views over the countryside. On sunny weekends you can often see kids out with their parents, kicking balls or flying kites. There aren’t many job opportunities in Horton, and the roads to nearby cities aren’t really fast, but there are excellent rail links. You can be in London in an hour and a half, and other cities are less than an hour away. That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families. Houses in Horton aren’t pretty, but they’re functional and cheap. The streets are quiet and safe, and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds. It has a library, three primary schools and a secondary school, St. Mark’s. It’s not as academically brilliant as other schools in the area, but it is friendly and offers a wide range of subjects and activities to children of all abilities and backgrounds. The town also has a swimming and a sports centre, and the community halls hold regular clubs and events for people of all ages. Question: What is the writer’s main purpose? A. To explain what tourists can do in Horton B. To explain why Horton is a good place to live C. To explain why Horton is not as pleasant as other towns D. To describe the history of Horton Passage 2
6. Passage 3
7. Type 5: Determining the best tittle Reading 1: Music is a very important part of our lives. Music is for dancing, drinking, loving and communicating. Some songs remind US of our childhood or youth. Others remind US of the people we love. Many important occasions, like weddings and funerals have, special musiC. Every’ nation has a national song like the American “The Star-Spangled Banner”. In the U.S., high schools and colleges have school songs, too. Music is a part of the history of America. It expresses the problems and feelings of its people. As the years pass, the music grows and changes. Modem science has also changed musiC. Inventions like records, radio, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders and videos have changed the way we play and listen to musiC. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication. American music, from the earliest folk songs to modern “pop”,, is known around the world. Music is one of America’s most important exports. It brings people together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same musiC.
8. Many people learn and practise English by singing songs. Understanding American music can help you understand American people, their history and culture. Q: What can be the best title for this passage? A. An Introduction to American Music B. The Development of American Music C. The History of American Music D. The Future of American Music Reading 2 Q: Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Travel procedures B. Travel advice C. How to adjust travel dates D. Protect your luggage 2. Reading for specific information a. Tips - Read the question first then undeline key words - Find key words and similarly expressed information in the text b. Question formats - What does the passage mention about ? - What/when/why/how? - What does the author say about ? c. Practice Reading 1
9. Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. There are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very well is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill - one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of languages, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place. Q: What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages? A. Only a few people are really proficient. B. No one is really an expert in the skill. C. There aren’t many people who are even fairly good. D. There are a lot of people who are moderately proficient. Reading 2 Music is a very important part of our lives. Music is for dancing, drinking, loving and communicating. Some songs remind US of our childhood or youth. Others remind US of the people we love. Many important occasions, like weddings and funerals have, special musiC. Every’ nation has a national song like the American “The Star-Spangled Banner”. In the U.S., high schools and colleges have school songs, too. Music is a part of the history of America. It expresses the problems and feelings of its people. As the years pass, the music grows and changes. Modem science has also changed musiC. Inventions like records, radio, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders and videos have changed the way we play and listen to musiC. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication. American music, from the earliest folk songs to modern “pop”,, is known around the world. Music is one of America’s most important exports. It brings people together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same musiC. Many people learn and practise English by singing songs. Understanding American music can help you understand American people, their history and culture. Q: What is the earliest form of music in America? A. school music B. national music C. pop music D. folk music 3. Reading for untrue/not mentioned information
10. a. Tips - Read each options and compare it with the passage, omit it if it is wrong - Pay a close attention to quantifiers (some, most, none) b. Question format - Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? - Which one of these is NOT according to the passage? - According to the passage, EXCEPT c. Practice Reading 1 As the years pass, the music grows and changes. Modem science has also changed musiC. Inventions like records, radio, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders and videos have changed the way we play and listen to musiC. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication. American music, from the earliest folk songs to modern “pop”,, is known around the world. Music is one of America’s most important exports. It brings people together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same musiC. Many people learn and practise English by singing songs. Understanding American music can help you understand American people, their history and culture. Q1:According to the passage, music is changed thanks to the invention of the following EXCEPT A. international communication B. electric instruments C. tape recorders D. radio and movies Q2: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Every nation has a national song. B. Music expresses American people’s feelings. C. People in the world share the same music. D. We can practise English by singing songs. Reading 2: The price of holidays can fluctuate a great deal throughout the year, so you can save a lot if you are flexible with your travel dates and avoid peak holiday times. It can be also cheaper if you book well in advance. Before your departure, make sure you get as much information about your destination as you can. Find out if you require any special visas or permits to travel there. Think about spending money as well. Will you be able to access your own money easily enough or will you need to take cash with you? Think about eating larger lunches and smaller evening meals to help your money go further, as lunch is generally cheaper. Make sure that you keep sufficient identification with you at all times. It may also help to email a copy of your passport details to yourself, in case it is lost or stolen. Label your suitcases clearly so that they can be easily identified as yours. It can be useful to store a copy of your itinerary in a prominent place in your suitcase so that the airline will know where to find you if your luggage gets lost. Be sure to pack any medication or other essential items in your hand luggage. If your flight is delayed, or your luggage is lost, these can be difficult to obtain in an airport or foreign country.
11. Q: Which one of these is NOT advisable according to the passage? A.Research your destination B.Always bring identification C.Apply for visas if necessary D. Save money by cutting out dinner 4. Reading for vocabulary a. Tips - Read the preceding and following sentence surrounding the underlined/bold words to guess its meaning if you find it unknown to you. b. Question format - The highlighted/underlined/bold/italic/capital word in line has the closest meaning to___ - The phrase “ ” in the passage could be best replaced by ___ - Which of the following is similar in meaning to the word “ ”? c. Pratice Reading 1 Will you be able to access your own money easily enough or will you need to take cash with you? Think about eating larger lunches and smaller evening meals to help your money go further, as lunch is generally cheaper. Make sure that you keep sufficient identification with you at all times. It may also help to email a copy of your passport details to yourself, in case it is lost or stolen. Q: The highlighted word sufficient in line 3 has the closest meaning to A. efficient B. advocate C. enough C. lack Reading 2 Most girls received their education at home. They learned cooking, sewing and other useful skills. Over time education became available to more people, not just the rich and powerful. The governments of some countries set up public systems of education in the 1800s. More schools opened to girls. Q: The phrase “set up” in the passage could be best replaced by . Reading 3 Almost every language in the world has dialects, and American English is no exception. At the present time there is an interesting study on American speech habits. This study has shown that different words are frequently used in different parts of the country to denote the same thing. For example, in the east, Americans use the word “soda” to denote a soft drink. In some parts of the west, a soft drink is “tonic”. Q: The phrase “denote” in the passage could be best replaced by . A. include B. alter C. mean D. promote 5. Reading for reference a. Tips
12. - Replace your answer with the underlined word in the question. If the sentence still makes sense then you are likely to be correct. - Take notice of plural and singular, subject-verb agreement - Common question: pronoun reference b. Question format - The underlined word ‘ ' refers to___ c. Practice Reading 1 Make sure that you keep sufficient identification with you at all times. It may also help to email a copy of your passport details to yourself, in case it is lost or stolen. Label your suitcases clearly so that they can be easily identified as yours Q: The underlined word ‘it' refers to your ___. A. identification B. luggage C. passport D. flight Reading 2 By the late 20 lh century Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish and vegetables, and fewer eggs and less beef. Cooks began to rediscover many world cuisines in forms closer to their original. A. Americans B. American cooks C. American fish D. American meals Reading 3 There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend your holiday with a group of people you have never met before, may not like and have no reasonable excuse for getting away from. As against this, it can be argued that for many people, particularly the lonely or elderly, the feeling of belonging to a group, although for a short period on holiday, is an added bonus. They can sit safely back in their seat and watch the world go by. B. a group of people B. the lonely or elderly C. the lonely and elderly D. holiday makers C. Reading for inference/ author’s viewpoints/attitudes Type 1 : Read for inference a. Tips - Inference: make a guess about something based on the information we have at hand - The information being offered is not explicitly stated. b. Question format - It can be inferred from the passage that ___. c. Practice Reading 1 The price of holidays can fluctuate a great deal throughout the year, so you can save a lot if you are flexible with your travel dates and avoid peak holiday times. It can be also cheaper if you book well
13. in advance. Before your departure, make sure you get as much information about your destination as you can. Find out if you require any special visas or permits to travel there. Think about spending money as well. Will you be able to access your own money easily enough or will you need to take cash with you? Think about eating larger lunches and smaller evening meals to help your money go further, as lunch is generally cheaper. Make sure that you keep sufficient identification with you at all times. It may also help to email a copy of your passport details to yourself, in case it is lost or stolen. Label your suitcases clearly so that they can be easily identified as yours. It can be useful to store a copy of your itinerary in a prominent place in your suitcase so that the airline will know where to find you if your luggage gets lost. Be sure to pack any medication or other essential items in your hand luggage. If your flight is delayed, or your luggage is lost, these can be difficult to obtain in an airport or foreign country. Q: It can be inferred from the passage that ___. A. travelling may cost more in peak season B. you must always take cash with you C. larger lunches cost more than smaller ones D. you can't get back your lost luggage overseas Reading 2
14. Type 2: Read for author’s viewpoints/ attitudes a. Tips - Some common author’s point of views that can be seen through the use of language, rhetorical questions, etc (to persuade, to inform, to argue, to entertain) - Common tone: sarcastic (mỉa mai), neutral (trung lập), pessimistic (bi quan), optimistic (lạc quan), doubtful (ngờ vực) b. Question format - The author's tone in the passage is best described as ___.