English grammar grade 10

Nội dung text: English grammar grade 10

1. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 B: I was doing my homework then. b) Moät haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra bò 1 bò haønh ñoäng khaùc laøm giaùn ñoaïn. – When the light went out, we were watching TV. – While I was walking along the street, I saw a terrible accident c) Hai haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ñoàng thôøi trong quaù khöù – While I was reading, my wife was cooking in the kitchen. V) PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH) 1) FORM HAVE SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE HAS (V+ ED / V3) HAVE SUBJECT NOT PAST PARTICIPLE HAS (V+ ED / V3) HAVE SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE? HAS (V+ ED / V3) 2) USE a) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi gian. Noù ñöôïc duøng vôùi caùc traïng töø sau ñaây: ever? (coù bao giôø) ,never (chöa bao giôø), yet (?) (chöa), not yet (chöa), before (tröôùc ñaây), lately= recently (môùi ñaây, gaàn ñaây), just (vöøa môùi), already (roài) – A: Have you ever been to England? B: No, I’ve never been there. – Have you finished work yet? – I haven’t found him yet. – I haven’t met him before. – He has just gone out. – She’s already had dinner. – I haven’t heard from Ann lately. 39
2. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 b) Haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quaù khöù tieáp tuïc ñeán hieän taïi. Noù ñöôïc duøng vôùi: for + khoaûng thôøi gian, since + moác thôøi gian , so far= up to the present = up till now (cho ñeán nay), In the last few days / weeks / months . (trong moät vaøi ngaøy / tuaàn / thaùng vöøa qua) , all my / his / her/ their life / lives (caû cuoäc ñôøi cuûa toâi / anh aáy / coâ aáy / hoï) – I’ve been here since Monday. – He’s known her for 2 years – So far we have studied 4 tenses. – In the last few days I have met a lot of interesting people. – I have worked hard all my life. c) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra 1 hoaëc nhieàu laàn trong quaù khöù. Noù ñöôïc duøng vôùi once, twice, three/ four / five times – I’ve seen that film three times. d) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong moät khoaûng thôøi gian chöa hoaøn thaønh. Noù ñöôïc duøng vôùi caùc traïng töø sau ñaây: today, this week, this month, this year – I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today. – Have you had a holiday this year? e) Sau nhöõng cuïm töø sau ñaây This Time that is the first / second + noun (beer, It / third / fourth cigarette, coffee) This that is the only + noun It The + superlative adjective noun + S + have / has (The + short adj + est ) + ever + p. p (the + most + long adj) – This is the first time he has driven a car. – That’s the seventh beer (that) you’ve drunk this evening. 40
3. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 – This is the only party I’ve really enjoyed in my life. – It’s the most interesting film I’ve EVER seen. f) Phaân bieät giöõa Subject +have / has been to (ñi veà roài) – Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy. Subject + have / has gone to (ñi chöa veà) – Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain. VI) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH TIEÁP DIEÃN) 1) FORM HAVE SUBJECT BEEN + VERB+ ING HAS HAVE SUBJECT NOT BEEN + VERB+ ING HAS HAVE SUBJECT BEEN + VERB+ ING? HAS 2) USE Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù tieáp tuïc ñeán hieän taïi nhaán maïnh tính lieân tuïc – I’ve been working here for five years. – He’s been learning English since 1990. – She’s been typing letters all day. VII) PAST PERFECT (QUAÙ KHÖÙ HOAØN THAØNH) 1) FORM SUBJECT HAD PAST PARTICIPLE (V+ ED / V3) SUBJECT HAD NOT PAST PARTICIPLE (V+ ED / V3) HAD SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE (V+ ED / V3)? HAD NOT = HADN’T 2) USE a) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù vaø chaám döùt tröôùc 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc. – When I arrived at the station, the train had just left. 41
4. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 b) Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh laø quaù khöù cuûa thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh. – I’m not hungry. I’ve already had lunch. (present perfect) – I wasn’t hungry. I’d already had lunch. (past perfect) VIII) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (THÌ QUAÙ KHÖÙ HOAØN THAØNH TIEÁP DIEÃN) 1) FORM SUBJECT HAD BEEN + VERB+ ING SUBJECT HAD NOT BEEN + VERB+ ING HAD SUBJECT BEEN + VERB+ ING? 2) USE Haønh ñoäng ñaõ ñang xaûy ra lieân tuïc tröôùc 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù. – When she arrived, I had been waiting for 3 hours. EXERCISES ON TENSES I) Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. 1) Jane (not drink) coffee very often. 2) What you (do) ? I’m an electrical engineer. 3) Mr. Green always (go) to work by bus. 4) Mary (wash) her hair three times a week. 5) How often you (play) tennis? 6) The sun (rise) .in the East. 7) He (be) very tired. He (want) to go to bed. 8) Vegetarians (not eat) meat. 9) Excuse me! What time this train (get) to London? 10) Water (boil) at 100 degrees centigrade. 11) Ann (fly) to Spain every summer. 12) Where are Ken and Kate?” “They (wait) outside” 13) The president of the USA (live) in the White House. 42
5. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 14) You (not watch) the TV at the moment. Why don’t you switch it off? 15) I was in a hurry, so I (not have) time to phone you. 16) Prices (rise) all the time. Everything (get) more and more expensive. 17) “George (work) this week? “– “No, he’s on holiday”. 18) In summer John (play) tennis once or twice a week. 19) Why you (look) at me like that? What’s the matter? 20) I want to lose weight so this week I (not eat) lunch. 21) She (work) from Mondays to Fridays. She (not work) at weekends. 22) We can go out now. It (not rain) any more. 23) I (know) Sarah was very busy so I (not disturb) her. 24) Mary (watch) television every night. 25) What do you do? I (be) a policeman. 26) Listen! I think the telephone (ring) 27) She (not have) a meal yesterday evening. 28) At present they (travel) in South America. 29) The cost of living (rise) Every year things are more expensive. 30) I was very tired so I (go) to bed early. 31) I see that you (wear) your new suit today. 32) We went to Kate’s house but she (not be) at home. 33) Sue wasn’t hungry so she (not eat) anything. 34) Please be quiet! The baby (sleep) 35) The window was open and a bird (fly) into the room. 36) Ann (spend) a lot of money yesterday. She (buy) a dress which (cost) $100. 43
6. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 37) Mozart (write) more than 600 pieces of music. 38) We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we (sell) it. 39) The River Amazon (flow) .into the Atlantic Ocean. 40) You (hear) from her lately? 41) What time you (come) home last night? 42) I (meet) Ann in the street three days ago. 43) A: Mike was late for work again today? B: Again? He (be) late every day this week 44) It was warm so I (take) off my coat. 45) Susan really loves that film. She (see) it eight times! 46) When you come back I (finish) all the housework. 47) I (read) an interesting article in the newspaper last night. 48) When I introduced Tom to Ryan, they (shake) hands and (smile) at each other. 49) A: Is Sally here? B: No, she (just go) out. 50) I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 51) I (buy) some books yesterday. 52) John (see) that film twice. 53) Sue (drink) a cup of coffee before class this morning. 54) He (watch) television at 9.30 last night. 55) Ken (just come) home from work. 56) We (work) in the office at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 57) I (see) Sue in town yesterday but she (not see) me. She (look) the other way. 58) You (ever leave) a restaurant without paying the bill? 59) Jane (wait) for me when I (arrive) 44
7. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 60) A: What’s in the newspaper today? B: I don’t know. I (not read) .it yet. 61) A: Was Carol at the party last night? B: Yes, she (wear) a really nice dress. 62) When the ambulance (come) , we (carry) him into it. 63) You (do) your homework yet? 64) How did you learn to drive? My father (teach) me. 65) I (already clean) the windows. 66) A: Do you know where Julia is? B: Yes, I (just see) her. 67) When I (find) my purse, someone (take) the money out of it. 68) Everything is going well. We (not have) any problems so far. 69) I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last (see) him, he (try) to find a job in London. 70) Up to the present we (write) almost every lesson in the book. 71) I (not eat) anything since breakfast. 72) I (meet) a lot of people in the last few days. 73) A: Are you hungry? B: Yes, I (not eat) much today. 74) A: Can you play chess? B: Yes, but I (not play) it for ages. 75) A: Did you enjoy your holiday? B: Yes, it’s the best holiday I (ever have) for a long time. 76) This is the first time he (drive) a car. 77) Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this (happen) 78) When we (leave) the beach, the rain (already start) 79) I (not attend) any parties since I came here. 80) I (know) Greg Adams for 10 years. 45
8. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 81) So far this week, I (have) two tests and a quiz. 82) She (be) ill for several months. 83) This is the nicest restaurant I (see) 84) I (make) cakes. That is why my hands are all covered with flour. 85) He (overwork) That’s why he looks so tired 86) Have you seen my bag anywhere? I (look) for it for ages. 87) A: Would you like something to eat? B: No, thanks. I (just have) lunch. 88) We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We’re still waiting now. We (wait) for 20 minutes. 89) We (play) tennis for half an hour when it started to rain. 90) They (play) football at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 91) Bill (be) here since the 22nd. 92) I started Spanish classes in December. I’m still learning Spanish now. I (learn) Spanish since December. 93) I (drink) four cups of coffee today 94) He (be) a newspaper reporter before he (become) a businessman. 95) The rain started two hours ago. It’s still raining now. It (rain) for 2 hours. 96) They (eat) everything by the time I (arrive) at the party. 97) He (speak) for an hour now. I expect he’ll soon be finished. 98) Up to now professor Williams (give) our class five tests. 99) The patient (already die) by the time I (see) her. 100) The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I wish someone would turn it off. 46
9. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 101) When I (get) . to the station, the train (leave) 102) I was very tired when I arrived home. I (work) hard all day. 103) At the time the factory closed down, Sarah (work) there for 5 years. 104) It was midnight. I (study) for five straight hours. No wonder. I was getting tired 105) When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me 106) She (study) English for 5 years before she visited Canada. 107) You were out of breath when you came in this morning. You (run) ? 108) A: What you (do) this time yesterday?” B: I was asleep 109) We (wait) for three and a-half hours when John finally arrived. 110) A) Why are you turning on the television? B) I (watch) the news. II) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it. 1) He was last in touch with me three weeks ago. He hasn’t 2) I last went to the dentist six months ago. The last time 3) He last spoke to me about his plans a year ago. He hasn’t 4) It last rained three weeks ago. It hasn’t 5) I last smoked a cigarette four days ago. It’s 6) It’s two years since I had a puncture. I haven’t 7) It’s two months since he earned any money. He hasn’t 8) It’s years since Mary last spoke French. 47
10. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 Mary hasn’t 9) I saw Tom last on his wedding day. The last time 10) He last paid taxes in 1970. He hasn’t 11) I haven’t drunk champagne since my brother’s wedding. I last The last time 12) I haven’t seen Sarah for about a month. It’s 13) I last saw him when I was a student. I haven’t 14) He hasn’t been to the cinema for a long time. It’s 15) I haven’t eaten this kind of food before. This is 16) I haven’t seen that man here before. It’s 17) I’ve never met such a famous person before. It’s 18) I started work for the company a year ago. I’ve been 19) Samuel started keeping a diary five years ago. Samuel has 20) Sebastian’s career as a television presenter began five years ago. Sebastian has 21) Mary started working in London on 18 January. Mary has 22) She started working as a secretary five years ago. She has 23) He learned to drive when he was 18. He has 24) The plane took off before he got to the airport. By the time 25) Mackenzie wrote four books before he was twenty. By the age of twenty 48
11. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 IX) FUTURE SIMPLE (THÌ TÖÔNG LAI ÑÔN) 1) THE FUTURE with WILL a) FORMS SUBJECT + SHALL / WILL + BARE INFINITIVE SUBJECT + SHALL / WILL + NOT + BARE INFINITIVE SHALL / WILL + SUBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE? SHORT FORMS I shall / will = I’ll We shall / will = We’ll You will = You’ll He will = He’ll She will = She’ll It will = It’ll They will = they’ll will not = won’t shall not = shan’t b) USE a) Suy ñoaùn 1 söï vieäc coù theå xaûy ra trong töông lai. – You will pass the test. Don’t worry. – I shall be rich one day. b) Söï saún loøng hoaëc khoâng saún loøng – I’ll lend you the money that you need. (= I’m willing to lend you the money you need.) – A: Who will do the washing-up? B: I will – The doctor won’t come at this time of night. c) Quyeát ñònh ngay luùc noùi – A: It’s very hot B: Is it? I’ll open the window. d) Höùa heïn , ñe doaï. – (I promise) I’ll lend you some money. – Give me all the money or I’ll kill you. 2) THE FUTURE with BE GOING TO a) FORMS SUBJECT + AM IS + GOING TO + BARE INFINITIVE ARE 49
12. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 SUBJECT + AM IS NOT+ GOING TO + BARE INFINITIVE ARE AM / IS / ARE + SUBJECT + GOING TO + BARE INF? b) USE a) Keá hoaïch töông lai – quyeát ñònh tröôùc luùc noùi. – There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? b) Keát quaû töông lai xuaát phaùt töø tình traïng ôû hieän taïi. – Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain EXERCISES ON THE FUTURE TENSES Complete the sentences using “will” or “going to” 1) A) Why are you turning on the television? B) I (watch) the news. 2) A) Oh, I’ve just realised. I haven’t got any money. B) Haven’t you? Well, don’t worry. I (lend) you some. 3) A) I’ve got a headache. B) Have you? Wait there and I (get) an aspirin for you. 4) A) Why are you filling that bucket with water? B) I (wash) the car. 5) A) I’ve decided to repaint this room. B) Oh, have you? What colour you (paint) it? 6) A) Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B) Yes, I (buy) something for dinner. 7) A) I don’t know how to use this camera. B) It’s quite easy. I (show) you. 8) A) What would you like to eat? B) I (have) a sandwich, please. 9) A) Did you post that letter for me? B) Oh, I’m sorry, I completely forgot. I (do) it now. 10) A) The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it? B) No, it looks as if it (fall) down. 11) A) Has George decided what to do when he leaves school? B) Oh yes. Everything is planned. He (have) a 50
13. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 holiday for a few weeks and then he (do) a computer programming course. 12) There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the hole. The boat (sink) 13) Emma is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. She (run) out of petrol. 14) A) The phone’s ringing. B) OK, I (answer) it. 15) A) He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg. B) I’m sorry to hear that. I (send) him some grapes. X) NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS (CAÙC ÑOÄNG TÖØ KHOÂNG DUØNG THÌ TIEÁP DIEÃN) hear: nghe believe: tin own: laøm chuû; need: caàn see: thaáy think: nghó have: coù want; muoán be: thì, laø understand: possess: sôû prefer: thích exist: toàn taïi hieåu höõu hôn seem: döôøng nhöknow: bieát belong; thuoäc like: thích realize: nhaän veà love: yeâu thaáy forget: queân hate: gheùt contain: chöùa remember: nhôù wish: muoán ñöïng – I need some money now. – He is in London at the moment. – We’ve known each other for 5 years. EXERCISES ON NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets 1) Are you hungry? You (want) something to eat? 2) Don’t put the dictionary away. I (use) it 3) Don’t put the dictionary away. I (need) it. 4) Who is that man? What he (want) ? 5) Who is that man? Why he (look) at us? 6) He (have) his car since 1998. 7) How long you (know) Jane? 51
14. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 8) How long you (wait) for me? 9) I (not see) Tom for three years. 10) I can’t afford that ring. It (cost) too much. XI) PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE 1) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi gian vaø ñaõ hoaøn gian coù keát quaû ôû hieän taïi. thaønh. – I have cleaned the floor. – I cleaned the floor It’s clean now. yesterday. It’s dirty 2) Haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quaù now. khöù tieáp tuïc ñeán hieän taïi. – We have lived here for – We lived there for 10 5 years (and we still live years. (We don’t live here now.) there any more) – I’ve typed 3 letters this – I typed 3 letters this morning. (It’s still morning (It’s later in morning.) the day.) NOTES: Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh ñöôïc duøng ñeà ñöa ra moät maãu tin. Thì quaù khöù ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeà ñöa ra chi tieát cuûa maãu tin. : A: Ow! I’ve burnt myself B: How did you do that? A: I picked up a hot dish A: Look! Somebody has spilt milk on the carpet. B: Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do that. A: I wonder who it was then. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple 1) A) Where’s your key? B) I don’t know. I (lose) it. 2) I (be) very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep. 52
15. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 3) Mary (go) to Australia for a while but she’s back again now. 4) A) Where’s Ken? B) He (go) out. He’ll be back in about an hour. 5) I did German at school but I (forget) most of it. 6) I meant to phone Diane but I (forget) 7) Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There (be) an accident. 8) Where’s my bike? It (be) outside the house. It (disappear) 9) What do you think of my English? Do you think I (improve) ? 10) A) Ben (break) his leg. B) Really? How that (happen) ? A) He (fall) off a ladder. XII) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS OR PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1) Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra qua moät 1) Haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn taát. khoaûng thôøi gian. – We’ve finished our – We’ve been touring tour of Scotland. Scotland. – I’ve written an essay. – I’ve been writing an I can hand it in now. essay. I’m tired now. 2) Nhaán maïnh khoaûng thôøi gian. 2) Nhaán maïnh soá löôïng – Rachel has been playing – Rachel has played at music all day. I’ve least twenty CDs been ironing shirts since – I’ve ironed eight 10:30 shirts. – How long have you been – How many driving learning to drive? lessons have you had Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense 53
16. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 1) Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. He (read) 53 pages so far. He (read) for 2 hours. 2) Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. She (travel) for 3 months. She (travel) to six countries so far. 3) Mary (write) ten letters today. She (write) letters all day. 4) They (play) tennis since 2 o’clock. They (play) tennis three times this week. 5) Where have you been? You (play) tennis? 6) You (ever play) tennis? 7) How much you (save) ? 8) How long they (know) each other? 9) A) You (hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged. B) That’s not new. I (know) it for ages. 10) He (cough) a lot. He should give up smoking. 54
17. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 8:THE PATTERN: IT TAKES IT + TAKE + OBJECT + A PERIOD OF TIME + TO –INF Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it. 1) She walked to work in ten minutes. It took 2) I finished my work in an hour. It took 3) She learned how to speak English in only one year. It took 4) I wrote my paper in 30 minutes. It took 5) The train went round the mountain in three hours. It took 6) They finished the bridge in one year. It took 7) The cable reached him in two days. It took 8) We walk to school every morning in about fifty minutes. It takes 9) You’ll get there in about an hour. It’ll take 10) We’ll paint the bathroom in two hours. It’ll take 11) You’ll paint the kitchen in only 1.5 hours. It’ll take 12) I wash and dress each morning in less than fifteen minutes. It takes 13) The clown put on his makeup in half an hour. It took 14) He learned to swim in just a few days It took 15) She recovered from her illness in two months. 55
18. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 It took 16) I’ll run to the corner store and get what you need in just two or three minutes. It’ll take 17) I spent an hour doing this exercise last night. It took 18) John spent three hours repairing the car this morning. It took 19) John wrote that letter in an hour. It took 20) Mary prepares breakfast in half an hour. It takes 56
19. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 9: PASSIVE VOICE TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Present S + verb / verb +s / es S + am / is / are + P. P simple + O English is spoken all over People speak English the world all over the world. Past Subject + V+ ed / V2 + S + was / were + P.P simple O Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet Present S + have / has + p.p + S + have / has + been + P. P perfect O The house has been They have cleaned the cleaned. house. Past S + had + p.p + O S + had + been + P. P perfect They had cleaned the The house had been house. cleaned. Present S + am / is / are + verb Subject + am / is / are + continuous +ing + O being + P. P They are cleaning the The house is being cleaned. house. Past Subject + was / were+ Subject + was / were + continuous verb +ing + object being + P. P They were cleaning The house was being the house. cleaned. Modal S + modal verb + verb S + modal verb + be + P.P verbs + o A new hospital will be built They will build a new next year. hospital next year. MODAL VERBS & RELATED STRUCTURES can / could / may / might / shall / should / will / would / ought to / needn’t / used to / have to / be going to / had better NOTES 57
20. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 1) Trong caâu bò ñoäng by people, by them, by someone, by somebody, by no one, by nobody ñöôïc boû ñi. – People speak English all over the world. – English is spoken all over the world by people 2) Trong caâu bò ñoäng traïng töø chæ nôi choán ñöùng tröôùc BY + OBJECT – Mr. Brown grows vegetables in the garden. – Vegetables are grown in the garden by Mr. Brown 3) Trong caâu bò ñoäng traïng töø chæ thôøi gian ñöùng sau BY + OBJECT – Mr. Brown took me to the cinema last night. – I was taken to the cinema by Mr. Brown last night. 4) Trong caâu bò ñoäng traïng töø theå caùch thöôøng ñöùng tröôùc past participle (quaù khöù phaân töø) – They prepare their lessons carefully. – Lessons are carefully prepared 5) ACTIVE VOICE: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE => SUBJECT + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE + TO- INF – They made me work all day. (active) => I was made to work all day. EXERCISES ON TENSES AND PASSIVE VOICE I) Put the verb into the correct form: active or passive 1) Computers (sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. 2) Much progress on computers (make) .since 1950 3) Computers (can buy) . much more cheaply. 4) It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there. 5) Somebody (clean) . the room yesterday. 6) Water (cover) most of the earth’s surface. 58
21. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 7) Richard’s parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) up by their grandparents. 8) I was born in London, but I (grow) up in Canada. 9) While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) . from my hotel room. 10) The kitchen (paint) . now. 11) They (just build) a new primary school in my village. 12) The floor (not clean) yet. 13) The television (repair) .It’s working again now. 14) This road (not use) very often 15) If I didn’t do my job properly, I (sack) II) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it: 1) They serve dinner at eight. Dinner 2) When did someone invent the radio? When was ? 3) People leave a lot of things in the subway every day. A lot of things 4) They don’t sell pens at the bookstore. Pens 5) Columbus discovered America in 1492. American 6) Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb. The electric bulb 59
22. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 7) Artists don’t create great paintings overnight. Great paintings 8) They speak Portuguese in Brazil. Portuguese 9) Someone robbed the bank. The bank 10) Someone discovered gold in California in 1848. Gold 11) Someone has asked me to join the English Conversation Club I 12) People didn’t pollute the air years ago. Air 13) Who invented the radio? Who was ? 14) They are televising the World Cup soccer games all over the world this year. The World Cup soccer games 15) No one has solved that problem yet. That problem 16) They are building a new block of houses down the street. A new block 17) They lock the building at seven o’clock. The building 18) How many languages do they speak in Switzerland? How many languages are 19) The police caught those men stealing a car. Those men 20) Someone’s interviewing Dr. Johnson at the moment. Dr. Johnson 21) Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen. The coffee 22) Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon. The farmer’s wagon 23) When I arrived, they were repairing the road. When I arrived, the road 24) Has anyone ever invited you to a surprise birthday party? 60
23. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 Have ? 25) They have to repair the machine. The machine 26) No one has rented the apartment next to mine yet. The apartment 27) You ought to keep the flowers in a warm sunny place. The flowers 28) Someone had better return this book to the library before Friday. This book 29) They haven’t found the jewellery. The jewellery 30) People can pick tomatoes before they are completely ripe. Tomatoes 31) Someone has broken into his room three times. His room 32) Somebody has cleaned the room. The room 33) They will give all the children a present. All the children . 34) They will pay Mrs. Jenkins five hundred pounds. Mrs. Jenkins . 35) You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel. Your bill 36) They are going to widen the road next year. The road . 37) They can’t do the job. The job 38) People must obey all traffic laws. All traffic laws 39) The teacher is giving a test in the next room right now. A test 40) I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn’t realize that our conversation 61
24. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 10: THE PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS Reporting verbs: say (noùi), believe (cho raèng), think (nghó), consider, (cho raèng) understand(hieåu), know (bieát) , report (baùo caùo), expect (mong ñôïi), allege (cho raèng), claim (tuyeân boá) , acknowledge (thöøa nhaän) PATTERN 1 ACTIVE Subject + verb + (that) + subject + verb People say that Mr. Ross is a millionaire. PASSIVE It + be + past participle + that + subject + verb It is said that Mr. Ross is a millionaire. PATTERN 2 ACTIVE PASSIVE S + V (present) + (that) + S* + S* + am / is / are + past verb (present / future) participle + to – infinitive People say that Mr. Ross is a Mr. Ross is said to be a millionaire. millionaire. People expect that the strike will The strike is expected to end end soon soon. ACTIVE PASSIVE S + V (present) + (that) + S* + S* + am / is / are +p p + to – Verb (past) prefect infinitive People believe that the fire The fire is believed to have started late last night. started late last night. Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it: 1) It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. The thieves 2) They report that many people are homeless after the flood. Many people 3) It is thought that the prisoners escaped by climbing over a wall. The prisoners 62
25. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 4) It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. The man 5) It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. The building 6) It is said that the company is losing a lot of money. The company 7) It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year. The company 8) It is thought that the company will lose a lot of money this year. The company 9) People think that someone started the fire deliberately. The fire 10) People expect that taxes will be reduced soon. Taxes 11) It is thought that he acted very foolishly. He 12) People think that eating an apple a day is good for you. Eating an apple 13) It is thought the driver had both legs broken in the crash. The driver 14) It is believed that the explosion has been caused by a miner The explosion 15) They think the owner of the house is abroad. The owner 16) People say that nuclear energy has caused lots of problems. Nuclear energy is 17) He is said to have been in the French Foreign Legion. People 18) It is said that he escaped to a neutral country. He is said 19) It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error. The accident is 20) Experts think that all dogs evolved from wolves. All dogs are 63
26. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 11:CAUSATIVE FORM ACTIVE Subject + have + object + bare infinitive Subject + get + object + to-infinitive Object → people Mary had John wash the car. Mary got John to wash the car. PASSIVE Subject + have + object Past participle Subject + get + object Object→ things Mary had / got the car washed by John. EXERCISES ON CAUSATIVE FORM I) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) Somebody repaired her car yesterday. She 2) The mechanic serviced my car last week. I 3) Mr. Dryden mended the washing machine for me. I had 4) Jack got someone to paint the house while he was away. Jack had 5) The clown asked someone to paint his face. The clown had 6) All his clothes were made in London. He had 7) Someone delivers the newspapers. We have 8) My camera’s being repaired at the moment. I’m 9) An artist is painting her portrait. She is 10) We have just had someone take our suitcases upstairs. 64
27. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 We have just had our suitcases II) Use the suggested words to make complete sentences 1) We / have / the house / paint / at the moment. 2) When / be / last time / you / have / hair / cut? 3) I / take / my car / garage / have / it / service. 4) Julia / just have / central heating / install / in her house. 5) Jim / have / the roof / repair / yesterday. 65
28. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 12: USED TO & BE / GET USED TO I) USED TO Subject + used to + verb 1) Thoùi quen trong quaù khöù baây giôø Subject + didn’t use to + khoâng coøn nöõa. verb – He used to play football Did + subject + use to + when he was young but he verb? doesn’t any more 2) Tình traïng trong quaù khöù baây giôø khoâng coøn nöõa. – He used to be a famous singer but he isn’t any more. II) BE / GET USED TO BE USED + TO + NOUN QUEN GET USED + TO + GERUND LAØM / TRÔÛ NEÂN QUEN – He isn’t used to English food. – I haven’t got used to my new computer yet. – I’m used to driving my new car now, but I found it very strange at first. – Jane had to get used to driving on the left. Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) I walked to work. I used 2) He no longer lives there. He used . 3) I never made so many mistakes. I never used 4) I don’t go to the cimena any more. I used to 5) The accounting department was on the 18th floor. The accounting department used 66
29. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 6) Tom was a good employee and worked hard. Tom used 7) I bought all my clothes in that store. I used 8) There were some trees in this field. There used 9) He never did his work poorly. He never used 10) He took a great interest in his piano lessons. He used 11) Mr. Brown worked in this office. Mr. Brown used 12) I never caught a cold. I never used 13) She doesn’t usually stay up late. She’s not used 14) They don’t usually drink beer. They aren’t used 15) My brother quickly adapted to his new job at the bank. My brother quickly got used 16) My French friend finds driving on the left difficult. My French friend isn’t 17) Hard work doesn’t bother me. I’m used 18) Driving on the left is strange to me. I’m not used 19) He gets up early in the morning and he’s used to it. He’s used 20) Getting up early doesn’t suit me at all. I’m not used 67
30. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 13: RELATIVE CLAUSES (MEÄNH ÑEÀ QUAN HEÄ) I) DEFINING OR RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES (MEÄNH ÑEÀ COÙ GIÔÙI HAÏN) WHO / noun + who / which / that + finite verb. WHICH / – I thanked the woman who / that helped me THAT – The book which / that is on the table is mine. (CHUÛ NGÖÕ) WHOM / noun + (whom / which / that) + subject + verb WHICH / – The movie (which / that) we saw last night THAT wasn’t very good (TAÂN – The man (whom / that) I saw was Mr. Jones. NGÖÕ) WHOSE Noun + whose + noun + verb / subject + verb (SÔÛ HÖÕU) – I know the man whose bicycle was stolen NOUN + noun + prep + whom / which + S + V PREP + – She is the woman about whom I told you. WHOM / – She’s the woman that I told you about. WHICH – She’s the woman Þ I told you about. – The music to which we listened last night was good WHERE – The building where he lives is very old. (NÔI – The building in which he lives is very old. CHOÁN) – The building (which) he lives in is very old. II) NON-DEFINING OR NON- RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES (MEÄNH ÑEÀ KHOÂNGÙ GIÔÙI HAÏN) Trong meänh ñeà tính töø.khoâng giôùi haïn that khoâng ñöôïc söû duïng, whom / which laøm taân ngöõ khoâng ñöôïc boû ñi. Meänh ñeà khoâng giôùi haïn ñöôïc ngaên caùch vôùi meänh ñeà chính bôûi daáu phaåy 68
31. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 Meänh ñeà tính töø khoâng giôùi haïn ñöôïc söû duïng khi – Khi danh töø ñöùng tröôùc ñaïi töø quan heä laø danh töø rieâng – Khi danh töø ñöùng tröôùc ñaïi töø quan heä ñöôïc boå nghóa bôûi töø chæ höõu (my, his . Peter’s ) hoaëc töø chæ ñònh (this that, these, those) – My brother, Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor. – Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much. – We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us. III) WHICH referring to a whole clause. Which coù theå ñöôïc duøng thay theá cho caû caâu. – Jim passed his driving test. This surprised everybody – Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES I) Fill each blank with a relative pronoun 1) A blind person is the one cannot see anything. 2) The man you visited last month is a famous scientist. 3) Please think of a word comes from a foreign language into Vietnamese. 4) A clock is an instrument . tells you the time. 5) A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh. 6) These are the pictures . my son drew when he was young. 7) Can you help me find the man saved the girl? 8) Mr. Brown, . owns the hardware store, comes from my father’s hometown. 9) I argued with the woman dog bit me. 10) The house was built last year was damaged by the storm last night. 69
32. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 11) The building I work isn’t properly air-conditioned. 12) Mr. Ross, I have known for a long time, has just become the president of a very large international company. 13) I don’t know the name of the woman to I spoke on the phone. 14) He’s the man wallet was stolen in Cambridge 15) Alan and Jackie, did not come to class yesterday, explained their absence to the teacher. 16) My sister, . wasn’t feeling very hungry, didn’t want to go to the restaurant. 17) Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, surprised everyone. 18) The match will take place in the stadium has just been rebuilt. 19) This is Henry, sister works for my father. 20) The Mississippi River, .flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. is the major commercial river in the United States. 21) This boy, lives in Church Road, broke one of the school windows yesterday. 22) Neil has passed his examination, is good news. 23) Mary has three brothers, all of .are married. 24) Dr. Stanton, .is the president of the university, will give a speech at the commencement ceremonies. 25) Glasgow, my brother lives, is the largest city in Scotland. II) Combine these pairs of sentences. Use the second sentence as an adjective clause. Add commas where necessary 1) That’s the restaurant. It served local food. 2) These are the letters. You asked me to post them. 3) The old man has just died. He lives next door. 4) The street is very wide. It leads to the school. 70
33. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 5) Professor Johnson is to visit the university next week. I have long admired him. 6) Those are the astronauts. They were in orbit for six months. 7) He must be the boy. We saw him running away. 8) The music was good. We listened to it. 9) That block has been empty for years. It costs £ 5 million to build. 10) The factory produces shoes. We visited it last week. 11) That’s the hotel. I’ve often stayed in it. 12) They’re the people. I live near them. 13) This boy broke one of the school windows yesterday. He lives in Church Road. 14) That’s the chair. I sat on it. 15) The people were very friendly. We met them at the party. 16) Mr. Davies was the man. His wife drank 2 litres of wine 17) Ann is very friendly. She lives next door. 18) The student writes well. I read her composition. 19) I recently went back to the town. I was born there. 20) Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. My brother lives there. 21) Mr. Mason apologized for the mistake. We complained to him. 22) The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there. 23) We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ann recommended it to us. 24) We went to Sandra’s party. We enjoyed it very much. 25) John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for a very long time. 71
34. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 26) Sheila is away from home a lot. Her job involves a lot of travelling. 27) We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away. 28) Maria speaks excellent English. She has only been in Britain for a few weeks. 29) My sister didn’t want to go to the restaurant. She wasn’t feeling very hungry. 30) The house is unoccupied. Its windows are broken. 72
35. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 14: ADVERB CLAUSES AND PHRASES (MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TRAÏNG TÖØ) I) ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT (MEÄNH ÑEÀ TRAÏNG TÖØ CHÆ KEÁT QUAÛ) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ keát quaû baét ñaàu SO THAT vaø SUCH THAT. SO + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB + THAT + CLAUSE – The weather was so nice that we went to the zoo. – He spoke so fast that nobody understood him SO MANY + PLURAL NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE SO FEW + PLURAL NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE – She made so many mistakes that she failed the exam. – He has so few friends that he is always lonely. SO MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE noun + THAT+ CLAUSE SO LITTLE + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE – She has so much money that she can buy whatever she wants – He had so little trouble with the test that he left twenty minutes early. SUCH + A / AN + ADJ + SINGULAR NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE SUCH + ADJ + PLURAL NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE SUCH + ADJ + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE – It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down – They were such beautiful flowers that I wanted to buy some for my wife. – It was such nice weather that we went to the cinema. SO MANY / MUCH + NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE SUCH A LOT OF + NOUN + THAT+ CLAUSE – David has so many girlfriends that he can’t remember all of their names. 73
36. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 – David has such a lot of girlfriends that he can’t remember all of their names. – He had spent so much money that he couldn’t buy a ticket. – He had spent such a lot of money that he couldn’t buy a ticket REDUCTION OF RESULT CLAUSE (RUÙT GOÏN MEÄNH ÑEÀ KEÁT QUAÛ) Ñeå ruùt goïn meänh ñeà chæ keát quaû chuùng ta söû duïng caáu truùc TOO TO. ENOUGH TO S + VERB + TOO + ADJ / ADV + FOR + OBJECT + TO-INF S + VERB + ADJ / ADV+ ENOUGH + FOR + OBJECT + TO-INF – I’m so tired that I can’t go to the cinema this evening. – I’m too tired to go to the cinema this evening. – The children are so short that they can’t reach that shelf. – The children are too short to reach that shelf. – The children aren’t tall enough to reach that shelf. – The car was so expensive that we couldn’t buy it. – The car was too expensive for us to buy. – The car wasn’t cheap enough for us to buy. EXERCISES ON RESULT CLAUSES &PHRASES Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) The book was very interesting. She couldn’t stop reading it. The book was so 2) We couldn’t stop laughing because the play was very funny. It was such 3) Monique dances so well that she’s sure to win the prize. Monique is such 4) I couldn’t finish my homework last night because I was very sleepy. I was so 5) She sings so well that she has been asked to make a record. She is such 74
37. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 6) It was such a warm evening that we had dinner outside in the garden. The evening was so 7) Our neighbour’s party was so noisy that we couldn’t sleep. Our neighbour’s party was too 8) He was very nervous. He couldn’t eat anything. He was too 9) The trip was so exciting that he’s going again. It was 10) I couldn’t finish my homework last night because I was very sleepy. I was too 11) The weather was so warm that I spent the day in the garden. It was 12) The evening was very warm. We had dinner outside in the garden. The evening was so 13) The weather was so nice that we went to the zoo It was 14) The flowers were so beautiful that he bought some for his wife. They are 15) The article was so difficult that I couldn’t understand it. The article was too 16) The news was so bad that Helen burst into tears. It was 17) The fridge was so heavy that we couldn’t move it. The fridge was too 18) The traffic was so heavy that the coach arrived late. It was 19) The coffee was so hot that I had another cup. It was 20) The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it. It was 21) Sally didn’t finish the exam because she worked very slowly. Sally worked so 22) The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it. 75
38. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 The water was not 23) The restaurant was so crowded that we couldn’t find anywhere to sit down The restaurant was too 24) John was too ill to go to work. John wasn’t 25) Ted couldn’t get to sleep last night. He was worried about the examination. Ted was too 26) Clive can’t play basketball because he is very short Clive is too 27) The programme was too complex for me to understand. The programme was so 28) Judy won’t pass the exam because she isn’t good enough. Judy isn’t good enough 29) Mark is too young to cycle to school. Mark is not 30) The exercise is so difficult that the students can’t do it. The exercise is too 31) I have many problems. I can use all the help you can give me. I have so I have such 32) David has too many girlfriends. He can’t remember all of their names. David has so David has such 33) They closed the shop because there weren’t many customers. There were so 34) It took us only ten minutes to get there. There was little traffic. There was so 35) There were few people at the meeting. It was cancelled. There were so 76
39. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 II) ADVERB CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONTRAST (MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TRAÏNG TÖØ CHÆ TÖÔNG PHAÛN) CONJUNCTION + PREPOSITION + VERB + ING CLAUSE NOUN PHRASE (ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, (DESPITE, IN SPITE OF) EVEN THOUGH) – Although the weather – I went swimming in spite of the was cold, I went bad weather. swimming. – He went to school despite his – He went to school illness. though he was ill. – People continue to smoke – People continue to despite knowing the dangers smoke even though they know the dangers. III) ADVERB CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON (MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TRAÏNG TÖØ CHÆ LYÙ DO) CONJUNCTION + PREPOSITION + VERB + ING CLAUSE NOUN PHRASE BECAUSE OF, DUE TO, ON BECAUSE, SINCE, AS ACCOUNT OF – Mary didn’t go to – Mary didn’t go to school because school because she was of her illness. ill. – Due to the cold weather, we stayed – Because the weather at home. was cold, we stayed at – On account of the heavy rain, they home. stayed at home – Because it rained heavily, they stayed at home. I) Fill in the blanks with BECAUSE, BECAUSE OF, ALTHOUGH or DESPITE / IN SPITE OF 1) She was absent yesterday her mother was sick. 77
40. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 2) He walked out in the middle of the film it was so long and boring. 3) We couldn’t go to the cinema the heavy rain. 4) She was tired her long walk. 5) her poor health, Ann works very hard for the exam. 6) There have been a lot of accidents on this road the dangerous potholes on it. 7) the multilane highways, traffic jams seldom occur in this part of the town. 8) his successful business, he encourages his children to work hard and earn their own living. 9) Mrs. Brown is very happy her son’s success in the exam. 10) his low income, Mr. Ba tried to send his four children to university. 11) . she smoked, drank, and never took exercise, she lived to be 100. 12) Radio communication has changed the rapid development of other communication media, such as television. 13) it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat. 14) . the extremely bad weather in the mountains, my friends decided not to cancel their trip across the mountain pass. 15) I went to the movie I wanted to see John Wayne. 16) Janet called the security guard someone had taken her briefcase while she was making a call at the public phone. 17) Some English words have the same pronunciation . they are spelled differently, for example, dear and deer. 18) They reached the village before sunset the road was flooded. 19) there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle. 20) . all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong. 78
41. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 II) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) Mary didn’t go to school because she was ill. because of 2) The car crashed because the driver was careless. because of 3) We respected Mr. Lung because he was honest. because of 4) English is learnt by millions of students because it is important. because of 5) Mr. Brown can’t work because he is quite old. because of 6) They live unhappily because they are poor. because of 7) Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children. Although 8) We fell asleep in front of the TV because of our tiredness. Because 9) I couldn’t concentrate on studying last night because of the noise in the next flat. because 10) Mary went to work though she was ill. in spite of 11) I like living in the dorm even though it is noisy. in spite of 12) They wanted to climb the mountain even though it was dangerous. in spite of 13) The field trip was cancelled because of the heavy rain Because 14) They live happily in spite of their poverty. Although 15) In spite of his age Mr. Benson runs seven miles before breakfast. Although 79
42. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 16) He went to school although he was sick. In spite of 17) They worked very hard in spite of their old age. Although 18) Many people refused to do Paula’s job because of the danger. because 19) He agreed to play tennis in spite of his tiredness. Although 20) In spite of the heat in the afternoon, we decided not to go for a swim. Although 21) He was chosen as the best student in this school because he worked hard and behaved well. Because of 22) We couldn’t go out because the weather was bad. Because of 23) Our bus arrived late because the traffic was heavy. Because of 24) The ferry couldn’t sail because the sea was rough. Because of 25) Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident. Because 26) We couldn’t cross the road because of the heavy traffic. Because 27) Because of the cold weather she wore a coat. because 28) She felt sleepy because of the long performance. Because 29) We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy. In spite of 30) We got lost despite knowing the area well. Even though 31) She managed to write even though her hand was injured. In spite of 32) Despite the slippery roads, he drove his car today. Although 80
43. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 33) In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday. Although 34) In spite of the high cost of living here there are many advantages. Although 35) People continue to smoke even though they know the dangers. In spite of 36) Because it rained heavily, they stayed at home. because of 37) The roads are bad because of the recent heavy snow. Because it 38) Although it was raining heavily, we decided to go to the cinema. In spite of 39) Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports. In spite of 40) Because the computer was invented, pupils no longer spend much time calculating. Because of 41) Our life is becoming more comfortable because the national economy is developing steadily. Because of 42) The flight was cancelled because of the fog. because 43) May looks happy because she has got good marks. because of 44) Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. In spite of 45) I catch a cold now because I went out in the rain yesterday. because of IV) ADVERB CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF PURPOSE (MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TRAÏNG TÖØ CHÆ MUÏC ÑÍCH) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ muïc ñích baét ñaàu baèng: SO THAT, IN ORDER THAT (ÑEÅ) 81
44. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 – He rang the bell so that he could tell us that the dinner was ready – He turned out the lights so that he would not waste electricity Cuïm töø traïng töø chæ muïc ñích baét ñaàu baèng 1) TO/ IN ORDER TO/ SO AS TO+ VERB – He rang the bell to/in order to/so as to tell us that the dinner was ready. 2) IN ORDER NOT TO/ SO AS NOT TO + VERB – He turned out the lights in order not to /so as not to waste electricity. Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it S + V (PRESENT) SO THAT S + CAN/WON’T + V S + V (PAST) IN ORDER S+ COULD / WOULDN’T + V THAT Reduction of purpose clauses S + VERB + TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + VERB S + VERB + IN ORDER (NOT) TO / SO AS (NOT) TO + VERB 1) She got up early. She didn’t want to be late for work. so that in order 2) He switched on the light. He wanted to see what he was doing. so that to 3) I’m learning English because I want to get a better job. so that in order 4) I turned down the music. I didn’t want to disturb the neighbours. so that in order 5) She’s saving money. She wants to buy a new car. 82
45. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 so that in order 6) She locked the door. She didn’t want to be disturbed. . so that in order 7) The little boy pretended to be sick. He wanted to stay home from school. so that in order 8) I turned on the TV. I wanted to listen to the news while I was making dinner. so that in order 9) I unplugged the phone. I didn’t want to be interrupted while I was working. so that in order 10) They got up early because they wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. so that in order SO S1 + V (PRESENT) THAT S2 + CAN / WILL+ VERB S1 + V (PAST) IN S2 + COULDN’T / WOULDN’T + V ORDER THAT 11) I whispered. I didn’t want anybody else to hear our conversation. so that 12) I slowed down. I wanted the car behind to be able to overtake. so that 13) He wore a false beard. He didn’t want anyone to recognize him. so that 83
46. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 14) She built a high wall round her garden. She didn’t want her fruit to be stolen. so that 15) They talked in whispers. They didn’t want me to overhear them. so that 16) We built the roof with a steep slope. We wanted the snow to slide off easily. so that 17) The burglar cut the telephone wires. He didn’t want me to call the police. so that 18) The policeman stopped the traffic every few minutes. He wanted the pedestrians to be able to cross the road. so that 19) He telephoned from a public call- box. He didn’t want the call to be traced to his own address. so that 20) I am insuring my life. I want my children to have something to live on if I am killed. so that 84
47. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 15: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN) WISH SENTENCES (CAÂU ÖÔÙC) I) CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN) TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Coù theå xaûy S + verb Subject + will / can + bare inf ra ôû hieän taïi (present simple) Imperative sentences hoaëc töông Verb = haõy lai) Don’t + verb = Ñöøng Khoâng theå Subject + verb Subject + would / could + bare inf xaûy ra ôû (past simple) hieän taïi (TO BE: Were hoaëc töông ñöôïc duøng cho lai) taát caû caùc ngoâi) Khoâng theå S + verb (past S + would / could + have + p.p xaûy ra ôû perfect) quaù khöù Hoån hôïp S + verb (past Subject + would / could + bare inf perfect) 1) UNLESS = If NOT – Unless you start at once you’ll be late. (= If you don’t start at once you’ll be late.) 2) IN CASE = because it is / was possible that will / would (British English) / = If (American English) – Ann might phone tonight. I don’t want to go out in case she phones (= because it is possible she will phone) (British English) – In case you need any help, let me know. (= If you need any help ) 3) AS (SO) LONG AS = PROVIDED (THAT) = PROVIDING (THAT) = ON CONDITION THAT = mieãn laø – You can use my car as long as you drive carefully. 85
48. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 – Provided (that) she studies hard, she’ll pass her exam II) WISH SENTENCES (CAÂU ÖÔÙC) TYPES MAIN CLAUSE NOUN CLAUSE Future Subject + wish + Subject + would + verb wish (that) Present Subject + wish + Subject + verb (past simple) wish (that) (TO BE: Were ñöôïc duøng cho taát caû caùc ngoâi) Past wish Subject + wish + Subject + verb (past perfect) (that) NOTES IF ONLY = I WISH . EXERCISES ON CONDITIONAL SENTENCES& WISH SENTENCES I) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. 1) If I find your passport, I (telephone) you at once. 2) If I had a typewriter. I (type) it myself. 3) If he (wash) my car, I’ll give him $10. 4) If he (be) late, we’ll go without him. 5) If you come late, they (not let) you in. 6) Unless I have a quiet room, I (not be) able to do any work. 7) If I (know) his address, I’d give it to you 8) She won’t open the door unless she (know) who it is. 9) If I see him I (give) him a lift. 10) He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often. 11) If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes. 12) More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate. 13) I wish they (stop) making so much noise so that I can concentrate. 14) What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 86
49. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 15) I wish it (be) a little warmer in this room. I feel very cold. 16) If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police 17) I could tell you what this means if I (know) 18) He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. 19) I wish I (have) more time now to help you with your lesson. 20) If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come) 21) If he (eat) all that, he will be ill. 22) What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors? 23) I’d climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on top of it. 24) You wouldn’t have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly. 25) I wish my uncle (be) here now to give us some advice. 26) If you (paint) the walls white, the room would be much brighter. 27) If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it? 28) I wish I (have) a car. It would make life so much easier. 29) If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job. 30) I wish it (rain) tomorrow in order to cool the air a little. 31) If he had asked me, I (accept) 32) If I (have) a map I would have been all right. 33) If I (know) that they were coming I’d have baked a cake. 34) I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 35) If I (realize) what a bad driver you were, I wouldn’t have come with you. 87
50. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 II) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) The weather is too cold so they can’t go swimming. If If 2) The questions are too difficult so they can’t answer them. If If 3) I can’t buy the house because it is too expensive. If the house If the house 4) He is too short so he can’t become a policeman. If 5) The weather is bad so we can’t go camping. If If 6) He doesn’t have enough money so he can’t buy a watch. If 7) I don’t have a watch so I can’t tell you what time it is. If 8) She has to go to class this afternoon so she can’t go downtown with you. If 9) I can’t speak English so I can’t apply for that job. If 10) He eats so much so he is overweight. If If he ate 11) He doesn’t know her address so he can’t write to her. If 12) I don’t know anything about the computer so I can’t apply for the job. If 13) He speaks English fast so they can’t understand him. If If he spoke 14) You work too fast so you make so many mistakes. 88
51. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 If If you worked 15) People drive very fast, that’s why there are so many accidents. If If people drove 16) He doesn’t take any exercise. That’s why he is so unhealthy. If 17) He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn so much as I do. If 18) He doesn’t speak very clearly. That’s why people don’t understand him. If he 19) It is raining so we can’t have lunch in the garden. If 20) I have to work tomorrow evening so I can’t meet you. If 21) We got a lift so we reached the station in time. If 22) It rained all the time. Perhaps that’s why he didn’t enjoy his visit. If 23) I didn’t work hard at school, so I didn’t get a job when I left. If 24) Mary didn’t wear the raincoat. She got a cold. If 25) You weren’t at the party last night. You didn’t have a good time. If 26) She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money. If 27) She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you. If 28) We only came by bus because there were no taxis. 89
52. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 If 29) You got into trouble because you didn’t listen to me. If 30) I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. If 31) I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t ring you. If 32) We didn’t listen carefully. That’s why we made this mistake. If 33) We didn’t go by air because we didn’t have enough money. If 34) The bus didn’t stop because you didn’t put your hand up. If 35) The examiner read the passage very quickly, so the candidates didn’t understand it. If 36) Peter failed the examination because he didn’t study hard. If 37) He didn’t get to the top of his profession, perhaps because his wife didn’t encourage him. If 38) The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor. Unless 39) We won’t play football unless the weather is beautiful. If 40) If we don’t leave now, we’ll miss the start of the film. Unless 41) He’ll be cold if he doesn’t wear his coat. Unless 42) I won’t go to school unless I feel better. If 43) You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa. If you 44) Unless someone has a key we can’t get into the house. We can only get 45) Unless he phones immediately he won’t get any information. If 90
53. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 46) I’m sorry I can’t speak English perfectly. I wish 47) I’m sorry I can’t do this exercise. I wish 48) Are you ever sorry that you aren’t rich? Do you ever wish ? 49) I’m sorry I can’t answer that question. If only 50) It’s a pity the weather isn’t better today. If only 51) I’m sorry you don’t love me. If only 52) It’s a pity you can’t understand how I feel about you. I wish 53) I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night. I wish 54) What a pity you failed your driving test! I wish 55) He is sorry that he didn’t invite Molly to his party. He wishes 56) It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice. I wish 57) Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him £20. Alan wished 58) Henry regrets buying the second-hand car. Henry wishes 59) It would be nice to be able to understand the language when I go to France. I wish 60) He’s sorry he bought a calculator. He wishes 61) He’s sorry he had to wear a uniform to school. He wishes 62) I’d like you to drive more slowly. I wish 63) I’d like you to keep quiet. I wish 91
54. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 64) I’m sorry we accepted the invitation. I wish 65) I would like every country to stop killing whales. I wish 92
55. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 16: QUESTIONS I) YES –NO QUESTIONS YES –NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS (1) Be + subject? Yes, subject pronoun + be (Be: am, is, are, was, were) No, subject pronoun + be + not (2) Do / Does + subject + verb? Yes, subject pronoun + do / does Did + subject + verb? No, subject pronoun + don’t / doesn’t Yes, subject pronoun + did No, subject pronoun + didn’t (3) Modal verb + subject + Yes, s pronoun + modal verb verb? No, s pronoun + modal verb + not (4) Have / Has + subject + p. p? Yes, subject pronoun + have / has Had + subject + p. p? No, subject pronoun + haven’t / hasn’t Yes, subject pronoun + had No, subject pronoun + hadn’t (1) Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not Is your father friendly? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t. Were you born in London? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t (2) Do you like films? Yes, I do / No. I don’t Does your mother work in a bank? Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t Did they go out last night? Yes, they did / No, they didn’t (3) Can I go out? Yes, you can / No, you can’t (4) Have you ever been to England? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t 93
56. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 II) INFORMATION QUESTIONS / WH-QUESTIONS A) QUESTION WORDS QUESTION VIETNAMESE QUESTION VIETNAMESE WORDS MEANING WORDS MEANING Who / Ai What time maáy giôø Whom What caùi gì What colour maøu gì How nhö theá naøo, What kind loaïi gì baèng caùch naøo (of) nhö theá naøo What like When khi naøo Which + naøo (noun) Where ôû ñaâu Whose + cuûa ai (noun) Why taïi sao How many + bao nhieâu countable noun How old bao nhieâu tuoåi How much + bao nhieâu How tall cao bao nhieâu uncountable How high cao bao nhieâu noun How long daøi bao nhieàu How wide roäng bao nhieâu bao laâu how deep saâu bao nhieâu How fast toác ñoä bao How far bao xa nhieâu B) MAKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS ª Word Order in Information Questions INTERROGATIVE 1) be + subject? (Be: am, is, are, was, were) QUESTION WORD 2) do / does + subject + verb? did + subject + verb? 3) Modal verb + subject + verb? 94
57. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 4) have / has + subject + p. p? had + subject + p. p? (1) Where is he now? He is in London. What are you doing now? We’re doing our homework. When was Mary born? She was born in 1970. (2) Where do you work? I work in a bank. Where does she live? She lives in London. How do your children go to school? They go to school by bus. Who did you go out with last night? I went out with Mary. When did you buy it? I bought it yesterday. (3) How many languages can you speak? I can speak 4 languages. When will you come back? I’ll come back next week. (4) What have you bought? I‘ve bought a fridge. How many times has he been to the United States? Twice ª Word Order with Question Word as Subject What / Who singular verb? How many + plural noun plural verb? How much + uncountable noun singular verb? Which + singular noun singular verb? Which + plural noun plural verb? – What lives in those holes? Rabbits (do) – Who is working tomorrow? Phil, Lucy and Peter (are) – Who wants to come with me? We do. – Which costs more – the blue one or the grey one? The blue one. – Which car goes the fastest? The Mercedes. – Which coats are yours? Those coats are ours. – How many people work in your office? Ten people. – How much sugar is needed? A kilo III) TAG QUESTIONS AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE TAG (1) Subject + be be + not + subject pronoun (2) Subject + verb / v +s /es do / does + not + subject 95
58. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 pronoun Subject + v +ed / verb 2 did + not + subject pronoun (3) Subject + modal verb + modal verb + not + subject verb pronoun (4) Subject + has / have + p. p have / has + not + subject pronoun Subject + had + p. p had + not + subject pronoun (1) Mary is here, isn’t she? You were born in London, weren’t you? (2) You like tea, don’t you? Mr. Brown works in a bank, doesn’t he? Mary went to the cinema last night, didn’t she? (3) You’ll be there, won’t you? (4) They have come, haven’t they? NEGATIVE SENTENCE AFFIRMATIVE TAG (1) Subject + be + not be + subject pronoun (2) Subject + don’t / doesn’t + v do / does + subject pronoun Subject + didn’t + verb did + subject pronoun (3) Subject + modal verb + not + v modal verb + subject pronoun (4) Subject + has / have + not + p. p have / has + subject pronoun Subject + had + not + p. p had + + subject pronoun (1) It isn’t cold, is it? (2) You don’t like football, do you? (3) He can’t swim, can he? (4) He hasn’t been waiting long, has he? NOTES 1) Ñaïi töø cho caâu hoûi ñuoâi this / that laø it – This /that is your book, isn’t it? 2) Ñaïi töø cho caâu hoûi ñuoâi these / those laø they – These / Those are yours, aren’t they? 96
59. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 3) Ñaïi töø cho caâu hoûi ñuoâi everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody laø they – Everyone took the test, didn’t they? 4) Ñaïi töø cho caâu hoûi ñuoâi everything, something, nothing laø it – Everything is okay, isn’t it? 5) Caâu coù töø phuû ñònh duøng caâu hoûi ñuoâi khaúng ñònh. – You’ve never been there, have you? 6) Caâu hoûi ñuoâi cuûa I am laø aren’t I? – I’m right, aren’t I? 7) Caùc caâu coù there + be, there ñöôïc duøng trong caâu hoûi ñuoâi – There is a meeting tonight, isn’t there? 8) Sau lets laø shall we? – Let’s have a party, shall we? 9) Caâu hoûi ñuoâi cho caâu meänh leänh dieãn taû lôøi yeâu caàu laø will you – Give me a hand, will you? EXERCISES ON QUESTIONS (I) Write positive or negative short answers. 1) Are you married? Yes, 2) Are you tall? No, 3) Is it cold today? Yes, 4) Are your hands cold? No, 5) Are you hungry? No, 6) Am I late? Yes, 7) Are you doctors? Yes, 8) Is your father tall? Yes, 9) Is the weather nice today? No, 97
60. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 10) Is your sister on holiday? No, 11) Are they American? No, 12) Are the people friendly? Yes, 13) Do you like films? Yes, 14) Does your father work in a bank? No, . 15) Does she have a good job? Yes, 16) Do they live in London? Yes, 17) Do your friends live near here? No, . 18) Does this bicycle belong to you? Yes, 19) Does it rain much in your country? Yes, 20) Do the banks close late in Britain? Yes, 21) Were you here last week? Yes, 22) Was the weather cold yesterday? Yes, 23) Were the people friendly? Yes, 24) Were the books yours? Yes, 25) Was your watch expensive? No, 26) Did your brother study hard last year? No, 27) Did they have a party last night? Yes, 28) Did your mother make a cake yesterday? 98
61. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 Yes, 29) Did they play football yesterday? No, 30) Did the letter arrive half an hour ago? Yes, 31) Have you ever seen a ghost? Yes, 32) Will his mother be there? No, 33) Can I take it? Yes, 34) Was that Bill on the phone? Yes, 35) Can you speak English? Yes, (II) Make the questions replacing the underlined parts 1) .? I saw Tom yesterday. 2) .? They went to New York. 3) .? It takes four hours to get there. 4) .? He earns a hundred pounds a week. 5) .? They left the country ten years ago. 6) .? He met her in a coffee bar. 7) .? He got in by climbing over a wall. 8) .? I smoke forty cigarettes a day, 9) .? We were talking about Margaret. 10) .? He bought a car because the local railway station closed down. 11) .? 99
62. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 They liked Ann’s idea best. 12) .? In the mornings I have to get the breakfast, make the bed and take Mrs.White’s children to school. 13) .? He is going to Paris because he wants to learn French. 14) .? She got the job because she had the best qualifications. 15) .? He comes to London about once a month 16) .? You’d better take a taxi because it’s raining heavily. 17) .? I’ve been teaching English for over 20 years 18) .? Tom drove 60 miles an hour on the highway 19) .? Someone gave me a key 20) .? Diane told me something 21) .? This book belongs to Mary, 22) .? Mrs. Hong worries about her son’s schoolwork 23) ? My father drives to work every day. ? It takes 15 minutes to go to school by bike 24) .? It will be rainy tomorrow morning 25) ? He studies at Trung Phu High School 26) ? Mr. Brown and Ms. Green teach us English. 27) ? I can speak 5 languages 28) ? 100
63. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 He used to work hard when he was young 29) ? The news of his girlfriend’s death made him sad (III) Add the correct tag ending to the following sentences 1) Mr. Brown doesn’t like films, ? 2) She works very hard ? 3) You haven’t found the matches, ? 4) It usually snows here in the winter. .? 5) He’s very tired. .? 6) He’s missed his train ? 7) They have two children, ? 8) He’s working in his office, ? 9) He was on holiday last January, ? 10) They were at home last night, ? 11) I was late for work yesterday, ? 12) He didn’t come home late last night, ? 13) You are busy, ? 14) I’m late, ? 15) They woke up at 5:30 this morning, ? 16) He arrived here ten minute ago., .? 17) The film doesn’t start very early, ? 18) You have seen him lately 19) He can’t speak English, .? 20) That is Mr. Kennedy’s car, ? 21) Your guests had a good time, ? 22) That isn’t Mr. Johnson’s briefcase, ? 23) You enjoy your computer science class, ? 24) They will be at your house tonight, ? 25) Your friend didn’t see you yesterday, ? 26) Open the door, ? 27) The bus doesn’t stop near here, .? 28) You won’t mention this to anyone, ? 29) He wasn’t driving fast at the time, ? 30) You live in Manchester, ? 101
64. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 17: REPORTED SPEECH (CAÂU GIAÙN TIEÁP) I) REPORTED STATEMENTS (CAÂU KEÅ TÖÔØNG THUAÄT) Xem nhöõng ví duï sau ñaây: Direct speech: He says, “ I’m trying to get a taxi.” He says to me, “ I’m trying to get a taxi.” Indirect speech: He says (that) he is trying to get a taxi. He tells me (that) he is trying to get a taxi. SAY, TELL: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) SAY& TELL ôû thì hieän taïi khoâng coù thay ñoåi veà thì. I’m trying he is trying) Direct speech: He said, “ I’m trying to get a taxi.” He said to me, “ I’m trying to get a taxi.” Indirect speech: He said (that) he was trying to get a taxi. He told me (that) he was trying to get a taxi. SAY, TELL: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) SAY& TELL ôû thì quaù khöù coù thay ñoåi veà thì. I’m trying he was trying Caáu truùc sau SAY vaø Tell laø: Subject + say + (that) + subject + verb Subject + tell + object + (that) + subject + verb 1) CHANGES IN TENSES (THAY ÑOÅI VEÀ THÌ) DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH 1) Present simple (hieän taïi 1) Past simple (quaù khöù ñôn) ñôn) – He said (that) he – He said, “ I work in a worked in a bank. bank.” 2) Present continuous (hieän taïi 2) Past continuous (quaù khöù tieàp dieãn) tieàp dieãn) – He said to me, “ I’m – He told me (that) he waiting for Ann.” was waiting for Ann. 3) Present perfect (hieän taïi 3) Past perfect (quaù khöù hoaøn 102
65. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 hoaøn thaønh) thaønh) – “ I have found a flat,” – She said (that) she had she said. found a flat 4) Present perfect continuous 4) Past perfect continuous (quaù (hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieàp khöù hoaøn thaønh tieàp dieãn) dieãn) – “I’ve been waiting for – He said (that) he had ages,” he said. been waiting for ages. 5) Past simple (quaù khöù ñôn) 5) Past perfect (quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh) – “ I took it home with – She said (that) she had me,” she said. taken it home with her. 6) Past continuous (quaù khöù 6) Past perfect continuous (quaù tieàp dieãn) khöù hoaøn thaønh tieàp dieãn) – “ I was lying,” he said. – He said (that) he had been lying. 7) Can 7) Could – “I can speak French,” – He said (that) he could he said. speak French. 8) Will 8) Would – “ I will get it,” she said. – She said (that) she would get it. 9) May 9) Might – He said, “ I may be – He said (that) he might late.” be late.” 10) Must 10) Had to / would have to – “I must go,” he said. – He said (that) he had to go. 2) CHANGES IN PERSONAL PRONOUNS AN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. Ñaït töø nhaân xöng vaø tính töø sôû höõu thay ñoåi nhö sau: Ngoâi thöù nhaát trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp (I, me, my, mine, myself / we. us, our,ours, ourselves.) ñoåi theo chuû ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà chính. (ngöôøi noùi) – He said, “I’m going home.” He said (that) he was going home. 103
66. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 – She said, “I’m doing my homework.” She said that she was doing her homework. – They said, “we are going to spend our holidays in Spain.” They said (that) they were going to spend their holidays in Spain. Ngoâi thöù hai trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp (you, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves) ñoåi theo taân ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà chính. (ngöôøi nghe) – He said to me, “ You must do your homework carefully.” He told me (that) I had to do my homework carefully. He said to them, “ You are fools.” He told them (that) they were fools. Ngoâi thöù ba trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp (he, him, his, himself / she, her, herself / it, its, itself / they, them. their, theirs, themselves) giöõ nguyeân khoâng ñoåi – My teacher said, “She is a good student.” My teacher said (that) she was a good student. 3) CHANGES IN TIME AND PLACE WORDS (THAY ÑOÅI VEÀ TÖØ CHÆ THÔØI GIAN VAØ NÔI CHOÁN) DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH. today that day tonight that night tomorrow the day after / the next day / the following day. yesterday the day before / the previous day the day before yesterday two days before / two days earlier Two days ago two days before / two days earlier last night (week / the night (week/ month / year month / year before / the previous night (week/ month / year) next week (month the week (month / year ) after / / year ) the following week (month / year ) / the next week (month / year ) ago before ago before 104
67. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 here there this that / the these those / the now then – He said, “I went to the cinema with my girlfriend last night.” He said (that) he had gone to the cinema with his girlfriend the night before. II) REPORTED QUESTIONS (CAÂU HOÛI TÖÔØNG THUAÄT) Caùc qui luaät veà söï thay ñoåi thì cuõng aùp duïng ñoái vôùi caâu hoûi gioáng nhö aùp duïng ñoái vôùi caâu keå 1) YES-NO QUESTIONS (CAÂU HOÛI YES / NO) He says to me, “Do you like your job?” He asks me if I like my job. ASK / KNOW / WONDER: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) ASK ôû thì hieän taïi khoâng coù thay ñoåi veà thì He said to me, “Do you like your job?” He asked me if I liked my job ASK / KNOW / WONDER: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) ASK ôû thì quaù khöù coù thay ñoåi veà thì Caáu truùc sau ASK / KNOW / WONDER laø: Subject + ask + (object) + if / whether + subject + verb Subject + know / wonder + if / whether + subject + verb 2) WH- QUESTIONS / INFORMATION QUESTIONS (CAÂU HOÛI LAÁY THOÂNG TIN) He says to me, “Where do you live?” He asks me where I live. ASK / KNOW / WONDER: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) ASK ôû thì hieän taïi khoâng coù thay ñoåi veà thì He said to me, “Where do you live?” He asked me where I lived. ASK / KNOW / WONDER: reporting verbs (ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät) 105
68. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 ASK ôû thì quaù khöù coù thay ñoåi veà thì Caáu truùc sau ASK / KNOW / WONDER laø: Subject + ask + (object) + question word + subject + verb Subject + know / wonder + question word + subject + verb Trong caâu hoûi töôøng thuaät traät töï töø thöôøng gioáng nhö caâu keå. I asked Mary when she had lunch. (NOT I asked Mary when she did have lunch.) NOTE Khi töø ñeå hoûi laøm chuû ngöõ, traät töï töø khoâng thay ñoåi. He said to me, “ Who gave you this book?” He asked me who had given me that book. Subject + ask + (object) + question word + verb Subject + know / wonder + question word + verb III) REPORTED COMMANDS and REQUESTS (RA LEÄNH VAØ YEÂU CAÀU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT) Ra leänh vaø yeâu caàu coù theå ñöôïc dieãn taû baèng IMPERATIVE. Verb Don’t + verb Open the door. Don’t hurry! Söû duïng PLEASE seõ chuyeån caâu ra leänh thaønh caâu yeâu caàu “Don’t make so much noise, please.” Chuùng ta töôøng thuaät caâu ra leänh, yeâu caàu vaø caûnh baùo söû ñuïmg caáu truùc sau ñaây. Subject + tell / ask / order / warn etc. +object + (not) + to- infinitive – He said, “ Lie down, Tom” He told Tom to lie down. – “Don’t spend too much money on your holiday,” my father said to me. My father told me not to spend too much money on my 106
69. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 holiday. – The teacher said to us, “Don’t make so much noise, please.” The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it 1) “I’m very busy,” she said. She said 2) “I’ll see you soon,” he said to me. He told 3) She said to me, “I see the children quite often.” She told 4) “I’m having a bath,” she said. She said 5) “I must do my homework tonight,” he said to me. He told 6) “I walked home after the party,” he said. He said . 7) “I’m going away tomorrow, mother,” he said. He told . 8) “I enjoyed myself at the party last night,” Ann said. Ann said . 9) “I spoke to Jane last week,” she said. She said 10) “I’ll phone the office from the airport,” she said. She said . 11) “They were here three months ago,” he said. He said 12) “I don’t like this film,” she said. She said 13) “I haven’t been waiting long,” she said to me. She told . 14) “I’m going to work in Spain next year,” Mary said. Mary said . 15) Tom said to me, “I work for a small publishing company.” Tom told 16) He said to me, “Are you a teacher?” 107
70. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 He asked 17) “Do you like your job?” he said to me. He asked . 18) Peter said to Susan, “Have you ever been to Paris?” Peter asked 19) “Did you go out with your boyfriend last night?” I said to her. I asked 20) “Do you play football?” she said to us. She asked 21) “Must I stay in my room?” she said to him. She asked 22) “Are you studying as well as working?” said Bill. Bill asked me . 23) “Can you speak English?” I said to them. I asked . 24) “Does this train stop at York?” asked Bill. Bill asked 25) “Did you enjoy your trip?” Asked Mrs. Brown Mrs. Brown asked them . 26) “Is there anything I can do to help?” said Sally. Sally wanted to know . 27) “What country do you come from?” said Bill. Bill asked me . 28) “Where did you spend your holiday last summer?” he said to her. He asked 29) “What are you going to study?” he said to Mary. He asked 30) “What do you think of the canteen coffee?” asked Peter. Peter asked me . 31) “Where were you last night?” he said to her. He wanted to know . 32) Tom said to the girl, “When did you have this picture taken?” Tom asked 33) “When did you begin working here, Susan?” said John. John asked 34) “What’s your job?” he said to me. 108
71. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 He asked 35) “ What happened to Mr. Budd?” said one of the men. One of the men asked 36) “Who is going to live in the big house?” he said to her. He asked her 37) “What will happen to his racehorses?” She said to us. She asked 38) “Who is playing next week?” he asked me. He asked me 39) “Which team has won?” asked Ann. Ann asked 40) “Who went to the party last night?” he said to me. He asked me 41) “Switch off the television,” he said to her. He told her . 42) “Shut the door, Tom,” she said. She told . 43) “Lend me your pen for a moment,” he said to Mary. He told . 44) “Don’t believe everything you hear,” he warned me. He warned me 45) “ Please fill up this form,” the secretary said to the man. The secretary asked the man 46) “Think well before you answer.” the detective warned her. The detective warned her 47) “Make a list of what you want,” she said to us. She told . 48) “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said. She told 49) The teacher said to us, “Write the next two exercises.” The teacher told 50) “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks,” the man said. The man told me 109
72. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 18: THE INFINITIVE (ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU) I) TO- INFINITIVE (ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ TO) A) VERB + TO-INFINITIVE Afford (coù ñuû khaû naêng), agree (ñoàng yù) , appear (döôøng nhö), begin (baét ñaàu) , decide (quyeát ñònh) , fail (khoâng), expect (mong ñôïi), help (giuùp ñôõ) , hope (hy voïng), know how (bieát) , manage (tìm moïi caùch) , learn (hoïc) , offer (ngoû yù, ñeà nghò) need (caàn), plan (coù keá hoïach) , pretend (giaû vôø) tend (coù khuynh höôùng) promise (höùa) , refuse (töø choái) , seem (döôøng nhö) start (baét ñaàu), threaten (ñe doïa) , want (muoán),, volunteer (tình nguyeän) help (giuùp ñôõ), try (coá gaéng) B) VERB + O + TO-INFINITIVE Allow (cho pheùp), permit (cho pheùp), advise (khuyeân), ask (yeâu caàu), enable (laøm coù theå), encourage (ñoäng vieân) expect (mong ñôïi), persuade (thuyeát phuïc) invite (môøi), want (muoán), remind (nhaéc nhôû) , tell (baûo) , order (ra leänh) , get (nhôø, yeâu caàu) , recommend (ñeà nghò), help (giuùp ñôõ) , warn (baùo tröôùc) II) ADJECTIVE + TO –INFINITIVE A) It + BE + ADJECTIVE + (FOR + OBJECT) + TO – INFINITIVE: Easy (deã), difficult (khoù), hard (khoù), impossible (khoâng theå ñöôïc), convenient (tieän lôïi), dangerous (nguy hieåm), safe (an toøan), expensive (ñaét tieàn), unsafe (khoâng an toaøn), wonderful (tuyeät vôøi), marvelous (tuyeät vôøi), exciting (tuyeät vôøi), nice (tuyeät vôøi), awful (teä), terrible (khuûng khieáp),, interesting (thuù vò) , great, (tuyeät vôøi) pleasant (thuù vò) , possible (coù theå) B) It + BE + ADJECTIVE + (OF + OBJECT) + TO – INFINITIVE: Nice (töû teá) , kind (töû teá), helpful (saün saøng giuùp ñôõ) ,generous, (roäng raõi) brave (can ñaûm) , honest (chaân thaät) , clever (thoâng minh), intelligent (thoâng minh), C) SUBJECT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO – INFINITIVE: happy (= glad= delighted= relieved), sad (buoàn) , 110
73. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 disappointed (thaát voïng) , surprised (= amazed = astonished = ngaïc nhieân)), able (coù theå) , unable (khoâng theå) , prepared (chuaån bò), ready (saün saøng), willing (saün loøng), unwilling (khoâng saün loøng) , lucky (may maén), slow, (chaäm) quick (nhanh) , curious (toø moø), eager (haêm hôû), Sure= certain = bound (chaéc chaén) , likely (coù theå) , unlikely (khoâng theå) III) BARE INFINITIVE (ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU KHOÂNG TO) A) VERB + O + BARE INFINITIVE: let (cho pheùp) make (laøm) , see (troâng thaáy) , hear (nghe), feel (caûm thaáy), watch (xem). have (nhôø, yeâu caàu),, help (giuùp ñôõ) They made me work all day. I saw him walk in the park. Note : They didn’t let me go out. (active) (To let khoâng ñöôïc duøng trong caâu bò ñoäng.) => I wasn’t allowed to go out. (passive) They made me work all day. (active) => I was made to work all day. B) Sau MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: can / could / may / might / shall / should / will / would / needn’t Chuù yù: ought to, have to, be able, be allowed to vaø be going to You ought to be careful. C) Sau had better (neân), would rather / sooner (thích hôn) 111
74. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 19: -ING FORMS (ÑOÄNG TÖØ DAÏNG ING) A) THE GERUND USED AS SUBJECT Gerund (verb + ing) + singular verb. – Swimming is my favourite B) VERB + VERB + ING admit (thuù nhaän) ,avoid (traùnh neù) begin (baét ñaàu), discuss (thaûo luaän) , like (thích), dislike (gheùt) , hate (gheùt), enjoy (thích) , imagine (töôûng töông) , give up (töø boû) , feel like (muoán), mind (phieàn), miss (boû lôõ) , keep (tieáp tuïc), postpone = put off (= hoaõn laïi) , can’t help (khoâng theå khoâng) , recommend (ñeà nghò) , risk (lieàu lónh) can’t stand (khoâng theå chòu ñöïng) start (baét ñaàu), suggest (ñeà nghò) finish (laøm xong) , practise (thöïc haønh) ,allow (cho pheùp), permit (cho pheùp) prefer (thích hôn ) , look forward to (mong ñôïi) , deny (phuû nhaän) C) VERB + O + VERB + ING: see (troâng thaáy), hear (nghe), notice (= see), listen to (laéng nghe), look at (nhìn), smell (ngöûi), watch (xem),, spend (söû duïng) waste ( laõng phí) D) PREPOSITION + VERB + ING He is interested in watching television E) SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY – ING EXPRESSIONS EXAMPLE SENTENCES To have trouble I had finding his house To have + -ing trouble difficulty I had difficulty Be busy + -ing She is busy cooking in the kitchen. 112
75. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 To go + -ing I’d like to go skiing. go swimming / When did you last go go sailing / go shopping? fishing / go climbing / go shopping / go jogging / go skiing / go hunting / go sightseeing / go camping etc. EXERCISES ON INFINITIVES, V-ING FORM I) Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1) I can’t imagine (live) . in the country. 2) I stopped (play) tennis when I got married. 3) We’ve decided (go) to the beach. 4) Did you promise (take) . the children to the zoo? 5) Have you finished (repair) the roof yet? 6) You shouldn’t avoid (talk) . about your problems. 7) Peter refused (help) us. 8) I couldn’t afford (live) in London. 9) Why does Peter keep (talk) about his mother? 10) Today many Vietnamese women prefer (wear) the ao dai at work 11) I can’t help (wonder) why Larry did such a foolish thing. 12) I was tired, so I just watched them (play) volleyball instead of joining them. 13) We spent the entire class period (talk) . about the revolution. 14) You shouldn’t let children (play) with matches 15) Toshi was allowed (renew) . his student visa. 16) John hoped (go) to China next year. 17) You should plan (arrive) . at the stadium early or you won’t be able to get good seats. 113
76. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 18) Liz encouraged me (throw) . away my old running shoes with holes in the toes and (buy) a new pair. 19) Most people enjoy (travel) to different parts of the world. 20) My lawyer advised me (not say) anything further about the accident. 21) She doesn’t allow (smoke) in the house. 22) The film was very sad. It made me (cry) 23) There are people who can’t help (laugh) when they see someone (slip) on a banana skin. 24) Did you advise him (go) to the police? 25) They need (study) hard for that test. 26) His mother makes him (study) English harder. 27) “Would you like a cigarette?” – “No, thanks. I’m trying (stop) 28) When a student asks a question, the teacher tries (explain) the problem as clearly as possible. 29) I tried (reach) the shelf but I wasn’t tall enough. 30) He spends most of his time (play) computer games. II) Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence 1) It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. It’s better to avoid 2) Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? Shall we postpone until ? 3) Please don’t interrupt me all the time. Would you mind ? 4) Could you please open the windows? Would you mind ? 5) May I borrow your pen? Would you mind ? 6) I’d be happy to give you a lift. I don’t mind 7) Please write your name and address on the back of the cheque. Would you mind ?. 8) “ Shall we go to the theatre?” said Peter. 114
77. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 Peter suggested 9) Don’t ask so many questions. Please stop 10) They haven’t played chess for a long time. They stopped 11) He has been working in that firm for many years He began 12) I have been teaching science since 1978. I started 13) The waiter has been talking to the girl for 20 minutes. The waiter started 14) Everyone was able to escape from the burning house. Everyone managed 15) The firemen succeeded in putting the fire out. The firemen managed 16) “I’ll leave unless you lower your voice,” she said to him. She threatened 17) “ If you like, I’ll help you do the decorating, Bob,” said Ann. Ann offered 18) “I’ll lend you some money if you like,” she said to me. She offered 19) The old man said, “ Certainly not. I won’t sell it at that price.” The old man refused 20) “No, I won’t give you any more money,” his father said His father refused 21) “ I’ll help you with some money,” he said to Mary. He promised 22) “I’ll tell you the truth,” he said to Joe. He promised 23) “You’d better apologize for being late,” said my mother. My mother advised 24) “ If I were you I wouldn’t buy that car,” he said to me. He advised 25) “I think you shouldn’t drink wine,” the doctor said to him. The doctor advised 26) “ Remember to phone Chris,” she told Peter. 115
78. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 She reminded 27) “ Don’t forget to turn off the lights and lock the door, Tom,” he said. He reminded 28) “ Why don’t you have a holiday in my country cottage?” He said to us. He invited 29) “Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?” he said to me. He invited 30) I expect that he will get there by lunchtime. I expect him 31) “ Listen to what I’m saying,” he said to her. He told 32) My father said I could use his car. My father allowed 33) I think you should learn English I want 34) He looks older when he wears glasses. Glasses 35) Thank you for allowing me to use your dictionary. Thanks for letting 36) The teacher gave me no opportunity to explain why I was late. The teacher didn’t let 37) We had to wait two hours for Donald. Donald kept 38) They fell asleep because of the boring film. The boring film 39) It took me hours to get the car started. I spent 40) We worked on the garden the whole week. We spent 116
79. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 UNIT 20:PREPOSITIONS (GIÔÙI TÖØ) I) Prepositions of time (giôùi töø chæ thôøi gian). 1) At + giôø (= luùc) At 2 o’clock; at 3.30 2) On + ngaøy (= vaøo) On Sunday; On January 15th, on Sunday morning 3) In + thaùng/ naêm (= vaøo) In January; in 1980 NOTES – In the morning (afternoon, evening), at night. II) Prepositions of place (giôùi töø chæ nôi choán) 1) At + 1 ñieåm – at the door , at my desk, at home (school/ work) at the cinema (super market / party / wedding) 2) ON: . ñöôøng thaúng / maët phaúng – on the border (treân ñöôøng bieân giôùi); on the table (treân baøn) . taàng laàu – on the first floor (ôû taàng 1); on the second floor (ôû taàng 2) 3) IN . Vò trí coù khoâng gian 3 chieàu (daøi, roäng, cao) – in the telephone box; in the classroom; in the garden; in the field; in the sea; in the river . thaønh phoá / quoác gia – in London; in England . ñöôøng: – in Le Lôi street III) Other prepositions of place. outside (beân ngoaøi), inside (beân trong) into (ngoaøi vaøo trong) out of (trong ra ngoaøi), in front of (phía tröôùc), behind (phía sau), up (leân), down (xuoáng), across (ngang qua) along (doïc theo), under (döôùi), through (xuyeân qua), between (ôû giöõa), in 117
80. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 the middle of (ôû chính giöõa), by (beân caïnh) from (töø), to (tôùi), next to (beân caïnh). – He is standing behind me. (prep) IV) USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Useful Vietnamese Useful Vietnamese expression meaning expressions meaning According to Theo in time kòp giôø at first luùc ñaàu in a hurry voäi vaõ at last cuoái cuøng by oneself moät mình at the moment baây giôø In stead of thay vì at once ngay laäp töùc by car / bus / baèng xe hôi / plane / taxi etc xe buyùt / maùy bay / taxi at times thænh thoaûng on holiday nghæ maùt out of work thaát nghieäm on time ñuùng giôø out of order hö hoûng on foot (ñi) boä for example ví duï nhö on business ñang coâng taùc V) ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION Adjective + of Vietnamese Adjective + in Vietnamese meaning meaning afraid of Sôï interested in say meâ capable of coù theå successful in thaønh coâng fond of Thích Adjective + Vietnamese about meaning full of Nay excited about phaán khôûi veà proud of töï haøo veà sad about buoàn veà aware of yù thöùc (veà) sorry about xin loãi veà Tired of Chaùn worried about lo aâu veà Adjective + Vietnamese for meaning famous for noåi tieáng Adjective + Vietnamese from meaning late for Treã absent from vaéng maët ready for saün saøng different from: Khaùc 118
81. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 useful for coù ich cho Adjective + on Vietnamese meaning well known for noåi tieáng dependent on leä thuoäc veà Adjective + at Vietnamese Adjective + at / Vietnamese meaning by meaning bad at dôû, teä veà amazed at / by ngaïc nhieân veà good at gioûi veà astonished at / ngaïc nhieân veà by present at coù maët shocked at / by bò soác veà surprised at / by ngaïc nhieân veà VI) VERB + PREPOSITION Verb + to Vietnamese Verb + at Vietnamese meaning meaning listen to laéng nghe arrive at ñeán (1 toøa nhaø) write to vieát (thö) cho laugh at cheá gieãu speak to noùi chuyeän vôùi look at nhìn talk to noùi chuyeän vôùi smile at mæn cöôø Verb + Vietnamese Verb + on Vietnamese about meaning meaning care about quan taâm veà depend on leä thuoäc hear about ñöôïc noùi veà insist on khaêng khaêng ñoøi talk about noùi veà knock on goõ (cöûa) rely on döïa vaøo live on soáng baèng go on tieáp tuïc Verb + of Vietnamese Verb + from Vietnamese meaning meaning consist of bao goàm escape from thoaùt khoûi die of cheát vì hear from nhaän tin töùc cuûa suffer from ñau ñôùn / bòå VERB VIETNAMESE VERB + IN VIETNAMESE +AFTER MEANING MEANING look after chaêm soùc arrive in ñeán (1 thaønh 119
82. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 phoá / quoàc gia) take after Gioáng participate in tham gia succeed in thaønh coâng VERB + FOR VIETNAMESE VERB + FOR VIETNAMESE MEANING MEANING apply for noäp ñôn xin search for tìm kieám look for tìm kieám wait for chôø ñôïi VII) VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION VER VERB + O + PREP VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE SENTENCES MEANING ask sb for sth xin I am writing to ask them for some information about courses. borrow sth from sb Möôïn I borrowed some money from David divide sth into sth Chia The teacher divided the class into 4 groups. explain sth to sb giaûi thích It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. leave (one place) for rôøi ñeán He left London for New another York this morning Introduce sb to sb giôùi thieäu He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party pay (sb) for sth traû tieàn I didn’t have enough money to pay the waiter for the meal. Pollute sth with sth laøm oâ nhieåm The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories Prevent sb / sth from Ngaên What prevented him from sth / doing sth caûn khoâng coming to see us? Provide / supply sb cung caáp The school provides all its with sth students with books 120
83. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 protect sb/ sth from baûo veä khoâng Sun oil can protect the sth / sb bòskin from the sun. : khoâng bò receive sth from sb nhaän I received a letter from my brother last week spend (money / time) söû duïng / tieâu How much do you spend on sth xaøi on food each week? thank sb for sth / caùm ôn I must write and thank doing sth Mary for the present. use sth as sth söû duïng People used cattle as money. EXERCISES ON PREPOSITIONS Fill in the blanks with prepositions 1) I explained the problem the police. 2) Hurry or you will be late school. 3) Were they present the meeting? 4) It can be dangerous when the children play the street. 5) The bus was late this morning but it was time. 6) We got to the station just time to catch the train. 7) His book is different mine. 8) The boy was afraid the horse. 9) I borrowed the umbrella a friend of mine. 10) I didn’t see you the party . Saturday. Where are you? 11) What time does the this train arrive London? 12) Mozart was born in Salzburg . 1756. 13) The house was crowded students. 14) Saturday night I went to bed . 11 o’clock. 15) We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived 5 o’clock . the morning. 16) He was successful his job. 17) Are you aware the time? 18) He has been absent school very often lately. 19) The letter I wrote was full mistakes. 121
84. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 20) I don’t like going up ladders. I’m afraid heights. 21) The price of electricity is going up October. 22) Kate is very fond her younger brother. 23) The station platform was crowded people waiting for the train. 24) Paul lives London. 25) Can I speak you for a moment? There’s something I want to ask you. 26) She is a very honest person. I don’t think she is capable telling a lie. 27) You look bored. You don’t seem interested what I’m saying. 28) I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting the rain to stop. 29) She’s very good caring for the sick. 30) I wrote to the company asking them more information about the job. 31) I hope you succeed finding the job you want. 32) She’s capable doing the job. 33) Cricket is quite different baseball. 34) The garden is full roses. 35) Can you tell me how many men were absent work last week? 36) I certainly hope that David is aware all the problems involved. 37) They wore warm clothes to protect themselves the cold. 38) I like to listen the radio while I’m having breakfast. 39) There’s really no need for you to be afraid the examination. 40) That fashion magazine is full advertising for women’s clothes 41) These days everyone is aware the dangers of smoking. 122
85. ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRADE 10 42) Robert has gone away holiday for 2 weeks. 43) I spoke Sue this morning. 44) Could you look the baby while I go out shopping? 45) Smoking is harmful your health. 46) Children are fond sweets. 47) We might have a picnic. It depends the weather. 48) Thank you very much. It was kind you to help me. 49) That hotel is famous its pleasant atmosphere and fine food. 50) We were surprised the way he behaves. It was quite out of character. 51) Instead studying, Margaret went to a ballgame with some of her friends. 52) I’ve lost my keys. Can you help me to look them? 53) We had an enormous meal. It consisted seven courses. 54) I hope you succeed getting what you want. 55) How much money do you spend food each week? 56) We are always proud our country. 57) Sydney in Australia is famous its Opera House. 58) We’re getting really excited our holiday. 59) Scientists are trying to search alternative fuels. 60) We were disappointed the film. 61) We have to provide our children food and clothes. 62) Our flat is the second floor of the building. 63) Jane doesn’t take good care of herself. I’m worried her health 64) I thanked everyone all the help they had given me. 65) I apologized Bridget . the misunderstanding 123
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