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Đề cương ôn tập vào lớp 10 – Tiếng Anh

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  1. ĐỀ CƢƠNG ÔN TẬP VÀO LỚP 10 – TIẾNG ANH TENSES (Thì) TENSES USE SIGNAL WORDS EXAMPLES SIMPLE PRESENT - thói quen ở hiện tại - always, usually, often, - She often goes to (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) - sự thật, chân lí. sometimes, seldom, rarely, school late. +: S + V1 / V(s/es) never, every, normally, - The sun rises in the regularly, occasionally, as a east. -: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 rule ?: Do / Does + S + V1 ? - hành động đang diễn ra - at the moment, now, right - I can‟t answer the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE vào lúc nói. now, at present phone. I’m having a (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) - dự định sẽ thực hiện - Look! bath. trong tương lai gần. - Listen! - She is going to the +: S + am/is/are + V-ing - hành động có tính chất - Be quiet! cinema tonight. tạm thời. - Keep silence! - He often goes to work -: S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing Note: một số động từ by car, but today he is thường không dùng với thì taking a bus. ?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, . PRESENT PERFECT - hành động bắt đầu trong - lately, recently (gần đây) - I have learnt English (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện - so far, up to now, up to for five years. tại và có thể tiếp tục trong the present (cho tới bây +: S + has / have + P.P tương lai. giờ) - hành động vừa mới xảy - already, ever, never, just, - She has just received -: S + has / have + not + P.P ra. yet, for, since. a letter from her father. - how long ?: Has / Have + S + P.P? - this is the first time/second time - many times / several times SIMPLE PAST - hành động xảy ra và - yesterday, last week, last - She went to London (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) chấm dứt ở một thời điểm month, ago, in 1990, in last year. xác định trong quá khứ. the past, +: S + V2 / V-ed - một chuỗi hành động - The man came to the xảy ra liên tục trong quá door, unlocked it, -: S + didn’t + V1 khứ. entered the room, went - một thói quen trong quá to the bed and lay down ?: Did + S + V1 .? khứ on it. - When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 1
  2. PAST PROGRESSIVE - hành động đang xảy ra - at that time, at (9 o‟clock) - He was doing his (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) tại một thời điểm xác last night, at this time (last homework at 8 o‟clock định trong quá khứ week), last night. +: S + was / were + V-ing - hai hành động cùng xảy - The children were ra đồng thời trong quá playing football while -: S + was / were + not + V-ing khứ their mother was cooking the meal. ?: Was / Were + S + V-ing ? PAST PERFECT - hành động xảy ra trước - already, ever, never, - When I arrived at the (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH hành động khác hoặc before, by, by the time, party, they had already trước một thời điểm trong after, until, when, . left. +: S + had + P.P quá khứ - I had completed the English course by -: S + hadn’t + P.P 1998. ?: Had + S + P.P ? SIMPLE FUTURE - hành động sẽ xảy ra - tomorrow, next, in 2012, - He will come back (TƢƠNG LAI ĐƠN) trong tương lai . tomorrow. - một quyết định được - I think / guess - The phone is ringing. +: S + will / shall + V1 đưa ra vào lúc nói - I am sure / I am not sure I will answer it. -: S + will / shall + not + V1 (won’t / shan’t + V1) ?: Will / Shall + S + V1 ? Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V1 - diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trước Ex: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year) - diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ Ex: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. Note: - hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: . hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school. . hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework. She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends. Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: Main clause Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) Present tenses Present tenses Past tenses Past tenses Future tenses Present tenses 1.TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back. 2. TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 2
  3. 3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend. 4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It (start) to rain while the boys (play) football. 5. QKTD + while + QKTD Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games. 6. HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) here since I (graduate) . 7. After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) to bed. 8.Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) dinner, she (write) letter. PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động) I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Active: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT Passive: SUBJECT + BE + P.P + BY + OBJECT II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.P Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P Simple past V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P Past perfect Had + P.P Had + been + P.P Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P Note: - Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O - Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định. - Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ƣớc) Có 3 dạng câu mong ước: - Mong ƣớc không thật ở hiện tại: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren‟t) PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn‟t + V1 Ex: Ben isn‟t here. I wish Ben were here. I wish I could swim. - Mong ƣớc không thật ở quá khứ: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn‟t + V3/-ed Ex: She failed her exam last year. She wishes she hadn‟t failed her exam. - Mong ƣớc không thật trong tƣơng lai >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 3
  4. KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1 PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn‟t + V1 Ex: I wish you would stop smoking. Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If only Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat. = If only I weren’t so fat. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN 1. AT: vào lúc - dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày At + giờ At midnight nừa đêm At night buổi tối At lunchtime vào giờ ăn trưa At sunset lúc mặt trời lặn At sunrise lúc mặt trời lặn Dawn lúc bình minh At noon giữa trưa (lúc 12 giờ trưa) - dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đó At the weekend (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend) At Easter vào lễ phục sinh At Christmas vào lễ Giáng sinh At New Year At present, At the moment At this / that time At the same time cùng thời gian At the end / beginning of this month / next month 1 At the age of ở lứa tuổi Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five. Tom and Peter arrived at the same time. 2. ON: vào - dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day - dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày On Sunday evenings On Christmas Day, On New Year‟s Day, On my birthday 3. IN: trong - dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày nói chung, một kỳ nghỉ, một học kỳ In the morning / afternoon / evening In the Easter holiday In the summer term trong học kỳ hè In the summer holiday trong kỳ nghỉ hè - dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ, thời đại và thiên niên kỷ In August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19th century In the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium - dùng trong một số cụm từ để chỉ thời gian trong tương lai In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months In the end cuối cùng * Note: On time đúng giờ (không trễ) In time đúng lúc, kịp lúc In the end ≠ at first >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 4
  5. In the end cuối cùng Ex: He got more and more angry. In the end, he walked out of the room. ADVERBS CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả bắt đầu bằng các từ so, therefore (vì vậy, vì thế) Lưu ý dấu chấm câu. Của so và therefore Ex: He is ill so he can‟t go to school. / He is ill, so he can‟t go to school. He is ill. Therefore, he can‟t go to school. / He is ill; therefore, he can‟t go to school. Một số liên từ khác cần lưu ý: and, but, however, because, since, as CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) 1. Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tƣơng lai If clause Main clause S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (don’t / doesn’t + V1) (won’t / can’t + V1) 2. Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại If clause Main clause S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V1 (didn’t + V1) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1) To be: were / weren’t 3. Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ If clause Main clause S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P (hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P) 4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: a. Unless = If .not If you don’t work hard, you can‟t earn enough money for your living. = Unless b. Without: không có = if not Without water, life wouldn‟t exist. = If Note: 1. Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ. Were I rich, I would help you. = If I were rich, I would help you. Had I known her, I would have made friend with her. = If I had known her, I would have made friend with her. If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me. = Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me. 2. Có thể kết hợp điều kiện 2 và điều kiện 3 trong một câu. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 5
  6. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning. 3. Đôi khi thì hiện tại đơn được dùng cho cả hai mệnh đề của câu điều kiện để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên; nó được gọi là zero conditional. If we don’t water these flowers, they die. 4. Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời. If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book. If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me. 5. Đổi từ if sang unless: IF UNLESS Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi) Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. Unless If she doesn‟t work harder, she will fail the exam. Unless 6. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + , Clause Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself. If Go away or I will call the police. If REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tƣờng thuật) Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp. a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ. b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn. I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xƣng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu) 1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her We → They us → them our → their 2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your) - Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật 3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu: DIRECT INDIRECT Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Simple past – V2 / V-ed Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Present perfect – have / has + P.P Past perfect – had + P.P Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Simple past – V2 / -ed Past perfect – had + P.P Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Simple future – will + V1 Future in the past - would + V1 Future progressive will be + V-ing Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn: DIRECT INDIRECT Now Then Here There This That >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 6
  7. These Those Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last year The year before / the previous year Tomorrow The following day / the next day / the day after Next month The following month / the next month / the month after Ago Before BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ Subject Object Adjective possessive I me My You you your He him his She her her It it its We us our They them their CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP 1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O ” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + . Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her - Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + ” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 . Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don‟t talk in the class.” → The teacher 2. Câu trần thuật Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause” Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause Note: said to → told Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” → She told me (that) 3. Câu hỏi a. Yes – No question Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O .?” Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O . Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan b. Wh – question Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O. Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. → He asked me TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi) 1. Quy tắc chung: >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 7
  8. - Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định? câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định? Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they? They can‟t swim, can they? - Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she? - Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they? - Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it” Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it? - Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng “they” Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they? - Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they” Ex:That is his car, isn’t it? These are your new shoes, aren’t they? - “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi Ex: There aren‟t any students in the classroom, are there? - Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are ): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi Ex: You will come early, won’t you? - Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it? She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she? - Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng đ5nh Ex: He never comes late, does he? Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn. 2. Một số trƣờng hợp đặc biệt: - Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I? - Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE Ex: Let‟s go out tonight, shall we? - Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: + dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời + dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự Ex: Have a piece of cake, won‟t you? Close the door, will you? - Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự Ex: Please don‟t smoke her, will you? - Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she? INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (To-inf và V-ing) 1. To-infinitive - Sau các động từ: Agre , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten, - Trong các cấu trúc: + It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 8
  9. + chỉ mục đích (để) + sau các từ hỏi: what, where, when, how, + It + be + adj + to-inf: thật để Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-inf Ex: I‟m happy to receive your latter. + S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf + S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf + S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary. - Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how , (nhưng thường không dùng sau why) Ex: I don‟t know what to say. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 9
  10. * Note: - allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf - allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She allowed me to use her pen. She didn‟t allow smoking in her room. 2. Bare infinitive (V1) Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng: - Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would, - Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had better Ex: They made him repeat the whole story. - Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework. He usually helps his sister do her homework. He usually helps his sister with her homework. II. GERUND (V-ing) - Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), . - Sau các cụm động từ: cant‟ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá) - Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about - Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since, Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room. - S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise. III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND 1. Không thay đổi nghĩa: - begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V- ing Ex: It started to rain / raining. 2. Thay đổi nghĩa: + remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ) + remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chƣa, sắp xảy ra (trong tƣơng lai) Ex: Don‟t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed. I remember meeting you some where but I can‟t know your name. Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday. + stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì + stop + to-inf: dừng để Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health. On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper. + try + V-ing: thử + try + to-inf: cố gắng + need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần đƣợc (bị động) + need + to-inf: cần (chủ động) Ex: I need to wash my car. My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed. + Cấu trúc nhờ vả: S + have + O ngƣời + V1 + O vật S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O ngƣời) S + get + O ngƣời + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O ngƣời) ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Tính từ và trạng từ) >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 10
  11. 1. Tính từ: - Đứng trƣớc danh từ: adj + N - Sau động từ to be - Sau các động từ liên kết như: become, get, feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound, - Sau các đại từ bất định: something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anything, - Trƣớc enough - Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that 2. Trạng từ: - Đứng sau động từ thƣờng - be + adv + V3/-ed Note: trạng từ well đứng sau độn từ to be để chỉ sức khỏe - Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ) 3. Tính từ + Mệnh đề Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác như: glad, happy, pleased, delighted, excited, sorry, disappointed, amazed, có thể có một mệnh đề theo sau Ex: We are happy that you won the scholarship. Adj (Mệnh đề chỉ lý do) ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON 1. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do: Because / As / Since + S + V 2. Cụm từ chỉ lý do Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun 3. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý do sang cụm từ chỉ lý do a. . because + đại từ + be + adj . → because of + tính từ sở hữu + N b. because + N + be + adj → because of + the + adj + N c. . because + S + V + O → because of + V-ing + O (2chủ từ phải giống nhau) CONNECTIVES (Từ nối) 1. and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung 2. or (hoặc): diễn tả sự lựa chọn 3. but (nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản nhau 4. so (vì thế, do đó): diễn tả hậu quả 5. therefore (vì thế, do đó): đồng nghĩa với so, chỉ hậu quả 6. however (tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản, đồng nghĩa với but PHRASAL VERBS (Động từ kép) - Động từ kép là động từ được cấu tạo bởi một động từ với một tiểu từ hay một giới từ hay cả tiểu từ và giới từ. 1. Một số động từ kép thƣờng gặp: - turn on: bật, mở - turn off: tắt - turn down: vặn nhỏ - turn up vặn lớn - look for tìm kiếm - look after chăm sóc = take care of - go on tiếp tục = continue - give up từ bỏ = stop - try on mặc thử - put on mặc vào - wait for chờ, đợi - depend on dựa vào >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 11
  12. - escape from thoát khỏi - go out đi chơi - go away đi xa - lie down nằm xuống - come back quay về - throw away quăng, ném - take off cất cánh, tháo ra - break down hư hỏng - run out (of) cạn kiệt 2. Một số tính từ có giới từ đi kèm: - interested in thích, quan tâm - bored with chán - fond of thích thú - afraid of sợ - full of đầy ấp, nhiều - capable of có khả năng - next to kế bên - accustomed to quen với - famous for nổi tiếng về - sorry for lấy làm tiếc - late for trễ - good at giỏi về - surprised at ngạc nhiên về - popular with phổ biến với - busy with bận rộn - worry about lo lắng về - succeed in thành công - different from khác với - belong to thuộc về - borrow from mượn từ - It‟s very kind of you to-inf bạn thật tốt bụng khi . - good for / bad for tốt / xấu cho MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đƣa ra lời đề nghị) * Các mẫu câu đề nghị: - Let‟s + V1: - Shall we + V1 ? - How about / What about + V-ing .? - Why don‟t we + V1 .? Để trả lời cho câu đề nghị ta dùng: - Đồng ý: + Yes, let‟s. + OK. Good idea. + Great. Go ahead. + Sounds interesting. + That‟s a good idea. + All right. - Từ chối / Không đồng ý: + No, let‟s not. + I don‟t think it‟s a good idea. + No. Why don‟t we + V1 .? + No. I don‟t want to. + I prefer to . * Câu đề nghị với động từ suggest: S + suggest + V-ing . S + suggest + that + S + should + V1 (từ that không được bỏ) (Mệnh đề quan hệ) RELATIVE CLAUSES * Đại từ quan hệ: 1 1. WHO: chủ từ, chỉ ngƣời N (ngƣời) + WHO + V + O . 2. WHOM: - làm túc từ, chỉ người N (ngƣời) + WHOM + S + V 3. WHICH: - làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ, chỉ vật >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 12
  13. .N (thing) + WHICH + V + O .N (thing) + WHICH + S + V 4. THAT: - có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trƣờng hợp thƣờng dùng “that”: - khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất - khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last - khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. - khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật * Các trƣờng hợp không dùng that: - trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - sau giới từ 5. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V . 6. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason. N (reason) + WHY + S + V 7. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there .N (place) + WHERE + S + V . (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) 8. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then .N (time) + WHEN + S + V (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) * Mệnh đề quan hệ 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng khi danh từ không xác định, không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính. 2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng khi danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhƣợng bộ) 1. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhƣợng bộ: Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: mặc dù 2. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhƣợng bộ: Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: mặc dù 3. Rút gọn mệnh đề chỉ sự nhƣợng bộ thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhƣợng bộ: a. Though / although + đại từ + be + adj. → Despite / In spite of + tính từ sở hữu + N b. Though / although + N + be + adj. Despite / in spite of + the + adj. + N c. Though / although + S + V + O >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 13
  14. Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O (2 chủ từ phải giống nhau) MODALS (Động từ khiếm khuyết) 1. May / might KĐ: May / Might + V1: PĐ : May / Might not + V1: diễn tả - sự suy đoán (không chắc chắn) - sự xin phép, cho phép 2. Must / mustn’t Must +V1: (phải), diễn tả điều bắt buộc (có tính chủ quan) Mustn’t + V1: (không được), diễn tả một sự cấm đoán. 3. have to + V1: phải, (có tính khách quan) Note: Quá khứ của have to là had to + V1 Phủ định của have to là don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1 4. should + V1 = ought to + V1: nên CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả) 1. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả: a. so .that (quá đến nỗi) S+ be + so + adj. + that + S + V S+ V thƣờng + so + adv. + that + S + V a. such . that (quá đến nỗi) S+ V + such (a/an) + N + that + S + V 2. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả: a. enough .to (đủ để có thể) S + be + adj. + enough (for O) + to-inf. (dùng for+ O khi 2 chủ từ khác nhau) S + V thƣờng + adv. + enough (for O) + to-inf. S + V + enough + N + to-inf. b. too .to (quá .không thể) S + be (look / seem / become / get) + too + adj. (for O) + to-inf. S + V thƣờng + too + adv. (for O) + to-inf. (So sánh) COMPARISONS 1. So sánh bằng: S + be + as + adj. + as + . S + V thƣờng + as + adv. + as+ . 2. So sánh hơn: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + adj. / adv. + ER + THAN + b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + MORE + adj. / adv. + THAN + 3. So sánh nhất: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + THE + adj. / adv. + EST + b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + adj. / adv. + 4. Một số tính từ, trạng từ bất qui tắc >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 14
  15. Good / well better the best Bad / badly worse the worst Far further the furthest farther the farthest Much / many more the most Little less the least Happy happier the happiest Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest Narrow narrower the narrowest TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƢỢNG - many + N đếm đƣợc số nhiều: nhiều - much + N không đếm đƣợc: nhiều - few + N đếm đƣợc số nhiều: ít (không đủ để dùng) - a few + N đếm đƣợc số nhiều: ít (đủ để dùng) - some + N đếm đƣợc, không đếm đƣợc: một vài, một ít - a lot of + N đếm đƣợc, không đếm đƣợc: nhiều - little + N không đếm đƣợc: ít (không đủ để dùng) - a little + N không đếm đƣợc: ít (đủ để dùng) HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ VÀ QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (-ing and –ed participles) - Hiện tại phân từ: thường dùng miêu tả vật, mang ý chủ động - Quá khứ phân từ thường dùng miêu tả ngƣời, mang ý bị động * Một số hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ thƣờng gặp Ex: suprise surprising surprised ngạc nhiên 1. bore boring bored chán, dở 2. excite exciting excited hào hứng, phấn khởi 3. interest interesting interested thú vị, hứng thú 4. amuse amusing amused buồn cười, vui nhộn 5. disappoint disappointing disappointed thất vọng 6. tire tiring tired mệt mỏi MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC 1. Lối nói phụ họa: a. Đồng ý theo một câu khẳng định, dùng: - S + V trợ + too. - So + V trợ + S. b. Đồng ý theo câu phủ định, dùng: - S + V trợ (phủ định) + either. - Neither + V trợ (khẳng định) + S. 2. Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing .? Do you mind if I + V (Hiện tại đơn) .? Would you mind if I + V (Quá khứ đơn) .? 3. Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago. - S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian - It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn. - The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago. Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago. - I - It - The >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 15
  16. This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định - S + HTHT never + before Ex: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi. - I 4. used to KĐ: S + used to + V1 (đã từng) PĐ: S + didn’t use to + V1 (không từng) NV: Did + S + use to + V1 ? (có từng .không) 5. be used to / get used to + V-ing: quen với 6. It takes / took + O + time + to-inf . 7. S ngƣời + spend + time + V-ing 8. It is + adj. + to-inf → V-ing + be + adj. : thật để . 9. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích: S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1: để S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1: để không PRONUNCIATION I. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES - Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng. * đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, d / * đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, t, k, f, θ / * đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại II. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED - Có 3 cách phát âm –ed tận cùng. * đọc thành âm /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d / * đọc thành âm /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ / * đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại III. TRỌNG ÂM - Danh từ tận cùng –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt trên vần này Ex: after‟noon, bam‟boo, bal‟loon - Những từ có hậu tố là: -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain thì trọng âm chính rơi vào ngay âm tiết đó Ex: lemo‟nade, ciga‟rette, Vietna‟mese, - Âm tiết liền trƣớc các hậu tố -tion, -ical, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logy thường nhận trọng âm Ex:, trans‟lation, eco‟nomic, uni‟versity, poli‟tician, soci‟ology, mathe‟matics - Đặt ở âm thứ 2 trước các hậu tố -ize, -ary Ex: „modernize, „dictionary, i‟maginary THÀNH LẬP TỪ, TỪ LOẠI 1. Cách nhận biết từ loại: a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau: - tion / ation invention, information -ment development, instrument - ence / ance difference, importance - ness happiness, business - er (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer - or (chỉ người) inventor, actor - ist (chỉ người) physicist, biologist - age teenage, marriage - ship friendship, championship b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau: - ful useful, helpful, beautiful >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 16
  17. - less (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless (noun) - al (thuộc về) natural, agricultural - ous dangerous, famous - ive expensive, active - ic electric, economic - able fashionable, comfortable c . Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lƣu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu nhƣ không 2. Chức năng của một số từ loại: a. Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books. Sau - mạo từ: a /an / the He is a student. - từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, These flowers are beautiful. - từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several She needs some water. - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books. She meets a lot of people. Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music. Trƣớc V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived. Sau enough (enough + N) I don‟t have enough money to buy that house. b. Tính từ (Adj) Trƣớc N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books. Sau TO BE I am tired. Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem It becomes hot. She feels sad. Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) It is extremely cold. I‟m terribly sorry. She is very beautiful. Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small. Trƣớc enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn‟t large enough. Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can‟t speak. A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, + (Adj) + My new car is blue. Noun c. Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thƣờng He drove carefully. Trƣớc Adj I meet an extremely handsome man. Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job. Đầu câu hoặc trƣớc dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn‟t come the party. Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus. Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. Trƣớc enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to read. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 17
  18. III. BÀI TẬP: EXERCISES TENSES 1. He was writing to his friend when he ___a noise. A. was hearing B. heard C. had heard D. hears 2. I ___many people since I came here in June. A. met B. has met C. was meeting D. have met 3. We ___ maths at this time last week. A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt 4. She was playing games while he ___a football match. A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching 5. She ___to Ho Chi Minh city last year. A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went 6. Since we came here, we ___ a lot of acquaintances. A. have had B. had C. have D. are having 7. ___he playing football now? A. Will B. Does C. Was D. Is 8. Every morning, I often sit in my garden and___ to my nightingale sing. A. listening B. listen C. listened D. listens 9. She ___school when she was six. A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting 10. I. ___TV when the telephone rang. A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched 11. I will contact you as soon as I ___the information. A. will get B. get C. got D. had got 12. If he's late again, I___ very angry. A. am going to be B. will be C. would be D. am 13. A: “The phone is ringing” B. “ I ___it”. A. answer B. will answer C. have answered D. will be answering 14. Yesterday, I ___ for work late because I ___ to set my alarm. A. had left / forgot B. was leaving / was forgetting C. left / had forgot D. had been leaving / would forget 15. By the time we ___ to the train station, Susan ___ for us for more than two hours. A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waiting C. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait 16. While her brother was in the army, Sarah ___ to him twice a week. A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written 17. The Titanic ___ the Atlantic when it ___ an iceberg. A. was crossing / struck B. had crossed / was striking C. crossed / had struck D. is crossing / strikes 18. In the 19th century, it ___ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. A. took B. had taken C. had taken D. was taking 19. Last night at this time, they ___ the same thing. She ___ and he ___ the Newspaper. A. are not doing / is cooking / is reading B. were not doing / was cooking / was reading C. was not doing / has cooked / is reading D. had not done / was cooking /read 20. After he ___ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished 31. When I walk past the park, I saw some children play football. A B C D 32. After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed. A B C D 33. What did you do at 9 o'clock last night? I phoned you but nobody answered. A B C D 34. When I arrived at the station, the train has already left. A B C D >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 18
  19. 35. Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school. A B C D 36. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now. A B C D 37. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner A B C D 38. It‟s the first time I saw this film A B C D 39. After he graduates from university, he joined the army. A B C D 40. Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president. A B C D 41. It‟s a long time since we last went to the cinema. A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven‟t been to the cinema for a long time. C. We don‟t go to the cinema as we used to. D. We wish we went to the cinema now. 42. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago. A. I didn‟t see Rose for three years. B. I haven‟t seen Rose three years ago. C. I haven‟t seen Rose since three years. D. I haven‟t seen Rose for three years. 43. I haven't visited the museum for three months. A. It is three months since I have visited the museum. B. I didn't visit the museum three months ago. C. The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago. D. It is three months since I visited the museum. 44. "John began playing the piano 10 years ago" A.John played the piano 10 years ago. C. John has played the piano for 10 years. B.John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn't play the piano anymore 45. The last time I saw her was a week ago. . A.I haven't seen her for a week. C. I haven't seen her since a week. B.I have seen her for a week. D. I have seen her since a week. 1. Last night we (watch) ___TV when the power (fail) ___. 2. London (change) ___ a lot since we first (come) ___ to live here. 3. I (spend) ___ a lot of time travelling since I (get) ___this new job. 4. She (have) ___a hard life, but she‟s always smiling. 5. He sometimes (come) ___ to see his parents. 6. Last month I (be) ___ in the hospital for ten days. 7. What you (do) ___ when I (ring) ___ you last night? 8. I (not see) ___ him since last Sunday. 9. My mother (come) ___ to stay with us next week. 10. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) ___ in a bank. 11. Columbus (discover) ___ America more than 400 years ago. 12. Listen! The birds (sing) ___. 13. You (receive) ___ any letter from your parents yet? 14. How long Bob and Mary (be) ___ married? 15. She (ask) ___ me to tellabout him several times. 16. John (watch) ___ TV at 8:00 last evening. 17. He (do) ___ his homework before he (go) ___ to the cinema. 18. Hurry up! The train (come) ___. 19. We (not talk) ___ to each other for a long time. 20. He (feel) ___ asleep while he (do) ___ his homework. PASSIVE VOICE Change into passive voice. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 19
  20. 1. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. 2. Alice gave me a wonderful present. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 20
  21. 3. They are building several new schools in our town. 4. We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine. 5. Sam killed a lion last week. 6. You must hand in your report before the end of this month. 7. I had just finished the job when the factory closed. 8. No one has opened that box for the past hundred years. 9. Are you going to mail these letters soon? 10. He should have finished the report yesterday. 11. Scientists began to carry out researches on SIDA two years ago. 12. They say that he is the richest man in our town. 13. I can assure you I will arrange everything in time. 14. We are to pity rather than despise these homeless boys. 15. We haven‟t moved anything since they sent you away to cure you. ___ 16. Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 17. When I came, an experiment in the lab. A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held 18. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It everything in its path. A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed 19. This exercise may with a pencil. A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write 20. This picture by Johnny when I came. A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted 21. They speak much about this book. A. This book is much spoken about. B. This book is much spoken. C. This book is much about spoken. D. This book are much spoken about. 22. My shirt by my sister on my last birthday. A. gave B. was given C. had been given D. was being given 23. Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare. A B C D 24. Daisy's ring is make of gold. A B C D 25. This exercise may with a pencil. A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write 26. The university by private funds as well as by tuition income. A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported 27. He broke my watch. A. My watch were broken. B. My watch be broken. C. My watch is broken. D. My watch was broken. 28. You have to do your homework every day. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 21
  22. A. Your homework has been done every day. B Your homework has to do by you every day. C Your homework has to be done every day. D Your homework have to be done every day. 29. Lots of houses___ by the earthquake. A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroying D. were destroyed 30. The telephone ___ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. invented B. is inventing C. be invented D. was invented WISH CLAUSES 1. I wish I (see) ___ her off at the airport yesterday. 2. Tom wishes he (have) ___ enough money to buy a new car now. 3. Mary wishes she (become) ___ an astronaut someday. 4. He wishes he (not/buy) ___ that old car. 5. I‟m really sorry I didn‟t invite her to the party. I really wish  6. I‟m sorry I can‟t help you do your homework.  I wish  7. She doesn‟t like to work with him. She wishes . 1. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ___ it better. A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understands 2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ___ raining. A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. will stop 3. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ___ here right now. A. were B. would be C. had been D. was 4. I should never have said that. I wish I ___ that. A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. says 5. I speak terrible English. I wish I ___ English well. A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks 6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ___ quiet. A kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep 7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ___ the earlier train. A. caught B. would catch C. had caught D. catches 8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ___ it. A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. seen 9. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ___ out. A. didn't go B. wouldn't go C. hadn't gone D. went 10. This movie is terrible. I wish we ___ to see another one. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. go 11. I wish I ___ more careful with my money in the future A. would be B. should be C. could be D. had been 12. George now wishes he hasn‟t broken his encouragement with Marian A B C D 13. I sometimes wish that I will have another car. A B C D 14. I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday. A B C D 15. I wish I didn‟t say that to him yesterday. A B C D 16. She wishes that we didn‟t send her the candy yesterday because she‟s on a diet. A B C D CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1. She doesn‟t live in London because she doesn‟t know anyone there If . >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 22
  23. 2. I don‟t have a spare ticket. I can‟t take you to the concert If I 3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn‟t grow. If the children 4. They don‟t understand the problem. They won‟t find a solution If they . 5. Carol didn‟t answer the phone because she was studying If Carol 6. Rita is exhausted today because she didn‟t get any sleep last night. If Rita 7. He can‟t park near his office; that‟s why he doesn‟t come by car If he 8. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone. If the flats 9. I don‟t know her e-mail address, so I can‟t tell you  If I . 10. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children  If she . 11. He doesn‟t see the signal so he doesn‟t stop his car  If he . 12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn‟t prepare his lessons well  If Peter  13. Mary doesn‟t have enough money. She can‟t buy a new car. - If Mary 1. I would have visited you before if there ___ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you ___ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn‟t be D. would be 3. If I ___, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 4. If ___ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did 5. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It ___ better if you ___ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we ___ her to. A. wouldn‟t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ___ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he ___ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 11. If I ___ her phone number, I ___ her last night A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone 12. If he ___ the truth, the police wouldn‟t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 13. If you press that button what ___? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 15. I am very thin. I think, if I ___ smoking, I might get fat. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 23
  24. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I ___ that yesterday, I ___ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform 17. If you ___ to the course regularly, they ___ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give 18. I think he is not at home. If he ___ in, he ___ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered 19. If I ___ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be 20. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you ___ more good-looking. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be 21. If your hair ___grey now, what ___ you ___? A. went / would / do B. goes / would /do C. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done 24. If I ___ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children. A. am B. have been C. were D. had been 25. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. 5. What (you / say) ___ if I offered you a job? 6. The children always (get) ___ frightened if they watch horror films 7. If it (not be) ___ for you, I would be late 8. I can‟t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) ___ peace in the world 9. Were I to become president, my first act (be) ___ to help the poor 10. If he (listen) ___ to his father‟s advice, he would still be working here. 11. If she hadn‟t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ___ tired now. REPORTED SPEECH 1. Julia said that she ___ there at noon. A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 2. They asked me when ___ . A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive 3. The farmer said, “ I didn‟t see her.” > The farmer said ___ her. A. he had seen B. I hadn‟t seen C. she didn‟t see D. he hadn‟t seen 4. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” -> Mr Brown said that he ___ TV the night before. A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched 5. The teacher said Columbus ___ America in 1492. A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 6. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that A. she wants to give up her job. C. she wanted to give up my job. B. I wanted to give up her job. D. she wanted to give up 7.Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month .” A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month. B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month . C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month. D. Mary said she doesn‟t see Peter since the previous month 8. “ I want to go on holiday but I don‟t know where to go.” > Tom said that ___ A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn‟t know where to go. B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn‟t know where to go. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 24
  25. C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn‟t know where to go. D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn‟t know where to go. 9. Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?” A. Mary asked John what would he do that evening. B. Mary asked John what John did that evening. C. Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening. D. Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening. 10. He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!” A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense. C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense 11. “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister. A. My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing. B. My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing. C. My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing. D. My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing 12 . “I‟ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said. A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately. B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately. C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately. D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately. 13. The mother asked her son ___. A. where he has been B. where he had been C. where has he been D. where had he been 1) John said, “I want to attend a famous university.”  John said 2) “I‟m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter. Mary told Peter 3) Alfred said to John, “I did not promise to send you a telegram.”  Alfred 4) "I will get myself a drink," she said. She said 5) "I cannot drive them home," he said.  He said 6) "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said.  She 7) "The film began at seven o'clock," he said. He said 8) The father said, “I was on a business trip the whole day yesterday.”  The father 9) “My brother will get married next month,” James said.  James 10) Henry said to his mother, “Come and spend a week with us.”  Henry told 11) He said to me, “Keep a seat for me in the lecture hall.”  He 12) Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.” Mike 13) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.  She 14) He said, "Don't go too far."  He 15) "Don't make so much noise," he said. He >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 25
  26. TAG QUESTIONS 1. You‟re going to school tomorrow, ___? 2. Daisy signed the petition, ___? 3. There‟s an exam tomorrow, ___? 4. He will be attending the university in September, ___? 5. She‟s been studying English foe two years, ___? 6. It doesn‟t work, ___? 7. Let‟s go fishing, ___? 8. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, ___? 9. You will stay in touch, ___? 10. You didn‟t know I was an artist, ___? 11. It is quite warm, ___? 1. We should call Rita, ___? A. should we B. shouldn‟t we C. shall we D. should not we 2. Monkeys can‟t sing, ___? A. can they B. can it C. can‟t they D. can‟t it 3. These books aren‟t yours, ___? A. are these B. aren‟t these C. are they D. aren‟t they 4. That‟s Bod‟s, ___? A. is that B. isn‟t it C. isn‟t that D. is it 5. No one died in the accident, ___? A. did they B. didn‟t they C. did he D. didn‟t he 6. The air-hostess knows the time she has been here, ___? A. does she B. isn‟t it C. doesn‟t she D. did she 7. This is the second time she‟s been here, ___? A. isn‟t this B. isn‟t it C. has she D. hasn‟t she 8. They must do as they are told, ___? A. mustn‟t they B. must they C. are they D. aren‟t they 9. He hardly has anything nowadays, ___? A. hasn‟t she B. has he C. doesn‟t he D. does she 10. You‟ve never been in Italy, ___? A. have you B. haven‟t you C. been you D. had you TO-INFINITIVE / V-ING 1. Students stopped (make) ___ noise when the teacher came in. 2. She couldn‟t help (shed) ___ tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”. 3. Would you mind (buy) ___ me a newspaper? 4. They postpone (build) ___ an Elementary School for the lack of finance. 5. Are his ideas worth (listen) ___ to? 6. My grandfather is used to (get) ___ up early in the morning. 7. They are looking forward to our (visit) ___them. 8. He used to fall asleep without (take) ___ his shoes off. 9. My watch keeps (stop) ___. 10. I remember (meet) ___ you somewhere last month. 1. It takes me ten minutes ___to school every day. A. walking B. to walk C. walk D. walked 2. We expect him ___ tomorrow. A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive 3. Would you mind not ___ the radio on until I‟ve finished with this phone call? A. turning B. to turn C. being turned D. to be turned 4. Would you like ___to my birthday party? A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 5. I tried ___the bus, but I missed it. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 26
  27. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 6. Everyday I spend two hours ___ speaking English. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 7. Tommy admitted ___ the rock through the window. A. throwing B. being throwing C. to throw D. to be thrown 8. He suggested ___ a double railway tunnel. A. to build B. built C. building D. that building 9. The children stopped ___ games when their mother came home. A. playing B. play C. to play D. played 10. I can‟t go on ___ here any more. I want a different job. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 11. My uncle has given up ___ for 3 years. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked 12. Remember ___Lan a present because today is her birthday. A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent 13. We were allowed ___ photographs in this room. A. sell B. to sell C. selling D. sold 14. It‟s not good to avoid ___ the teacher‟s questions in class. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 15. Does Dr Johnson mind ___ at home if his patients need his help? A. to call B. to be called C. calling D. being called 16. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ___ part in the projects. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken 17. Your house needs ___ . A. redecorate B. redecorating C. redecorated D. to redecorate 18. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy ___ something. A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writing 19. It is no good ___ sorry for yourself. A. to feel B. feeling C. feel D. felt 20. It took me a very long time recovering from the shock of her death. A B C D 21. Remember taking off your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 22. My parents permitted me going out at weekends. A B C D 23. Money is used to buying food and clothes. A B C D 24. He often lets me to use his mobile phone. A B C PHRASAL VERBS 1. Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we ___? A. turn on B. turn off C. go on D. look after 2. Who will ___ the children while you go out to work? A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at 3. Please ___ the light, it‟s getting dark here. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into 4. The nurse has to ___ the patients at the midnight. A. look after B. look up C. look at C. look for 5. There is an inflation. The prices ___. A. are going on B. are going down C. are going over D. are going up 6. Remember to ___ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A. take care B. take on C. take over D. take off >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 27
  28. 7. You can ___ the new words in the dictionary. A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look at 8. It‟s cold outside. ___ your coat. A. Put on B. Put down C. Put off D. Put into 9. 15.If you want to be healthy, you should___ your bad habits in your lifestyles. A give up B call off C break down D get over 10. “Please turn up the radio, I can‟t concentrate on my work” A B C D 11. You can look ___ these new words in the dictionary if you don't know their meanings. A. up B. after C. for D. out 12. We give each other presents . Christmas. 13. Don‟t sit . the floor. 14. I‟m going away . the end of January. 15. I‟m not going out yet. I‟m waiting .the rain to stop. A. for B. away C. from D. up 16. I look stupid with this haircut. Everyone will laugh .me. A. in B. at C. into D. away 17. Tom has gone to France .holiday. A. on B. over C. for D. down 18. Are you interested .art and architecture. A. from B. for C. up D. in 19. Mary is very fond .animals. She has three cats and two dogs. A. about B. since C. of D. between 20. He was proud .himself for not giving up. A. of B. during C. after D. under 21. Are you excited .going on holiday next week? A. into B. about C. above D. over 22. Thank you very much your presence. A. after B. about C. with D. for RELATIVE CLAUSES 1) I couldn't remember the time ___ there was no internet. A. what B. who C. which D. when 2) The restaurant ___ we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city. A. where B. which C. when D. that 3) The top model about ___ I was telling you is on TV now. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 4) Are you the student ___ mother called me yesterday? A. whose B. who C. that D. when 5) Mary, ___ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly. A. that B. whom C. which D. who 6) Who is your daughter? She is the child ___ has long, straight hair. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 7) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day ___ we saw each other for the first time. A. which B. on which C. at which D. why 8) August is the month ___ I always give my birthday parties. A. which B. in which C. what D. why 9) The purse ___ she had lost last week was found yesterday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 10) The old lady ___ we were travelling told us her life story. A. of whom B. with whom C. whose D. whom 11) She says the exam, ___ she took yesterday, was full of hard questions. A. which B. of which C. whom D. of whose 12) I called my cousin, ___ is a mechanic, to fix my car, ___ was broken. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 28
  29. A. who/ which B. that/ all of which C. who/ all of which D. who/ what 13) My only blue tie, ___ Richard wants to wear, is really an expensive one. A. that B. whose C. which D. whom 14) This is the village ___ my family and I lived for six years. A. in which B. that C. on which D. in where 15) She is a famous actress ___ everybody admires. A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. of whom 16) The food ___ I like best of all is pie alamode. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 17) Justine, ___ parents live in Christchurch, has gone to Southampton. A. whom B. which C. to whom D. whose 18) The old building ___ was behind the local church fell down. A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom 19. That is the man who he told me the bad news. A B C D 20. I don‟t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked. A B C D 21. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter. A B C D 22. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D 23. Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets? A B C D 24. I‟ll never forget the day. I met you on that day. 25. The town was small. I grew up there. 26. 1960 was the year. The revolution took place in that year. 27. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee. 28. They‟re the postcards. They arrived yesterday. 29. The children sang aloud all night. This kept their parents awake. 30. Maria is studying in New York City. The city is called the “ Big Apple”. COMPARISONS 1. Mr. Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company. A. big B. more bigger C. bigger D. the bigger 2. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother. A. more big than B. so big than C. as big as D. too big than 3. He is not tall as his father. A. the B. as C. than D. more 4. John‟s grades are than his sister‟s. A. higher B. more high C. high D. the highest 5. Deana is the of the three sisters. A. most short B. shorter C. shortest D. more short 6. She speaks English as . as her friend does. A. good B. well C. better D. the best 7. Of the three shirts, this one is the . A. prettier B. most prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty 8. The baby‟s illness is than we thought at first. A. bad B. worst C. worse D. badly >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 29
  30. 9. Today is the day of the month. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest than 10 He works more than I. A. slow B. slowly C. slowest D. most slowly 11. My book is as . as yours. A. good B. well C. better D. the best 12. I love you than I can say. A. much B. many C. more D. the most 13. It‟s to go by bus than by car. A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper 14. That house is one on the street. A. oldest B. the oldest C. old D. older 15. I can't cook as well as my mother does. A. My mother can cook better than I can. B. My mother can't cook better than I can. C. My mother can cook well than I can. D. I can cook better than my mother can. 16. My interview lasted longer than yours. A. Your interview wasn‟t as short as mine. B. Your interview was shorter than mine. C. Your interview was as long as mine. D. Your interview was longer than mine. BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP Give the correct prepositions: 1. I shall meet you .the corner the street. 2. I always come school . foot 3. It never snows here Christmas. 4. The country looks beautiful . spring. 5. I can see you . Monday. 6. I live . the country, but she lives the seaside. 7. Have you any money . . you? 8. I don‟t like get up the morning. 9. He had learned the whole poem heart. 10. He always comes . bus. 11. This book is Dickens. 12. Is Miss Smith . home? 13. I have breakfast . .7.30 every morning. 14. Can you translate that German? 15. My birthday is .May 5th. 16. My birthday is the 5th. 17. They come the room. 18. I like swimming the summer 19. We get a lot of rain November. 20. He never comes . time for the class. Complete the sentences with because / as / since / if / when / or / so. 1. We decided to go out to eat we have no food at home. 2. He has a very important job he ia particularly well- paid . 3. Can I borrow that book you‟ ve finished it? 4. No one was watching TV I switched the television off. 5. she changed a lot . We didn‟t recognize her. 6. you are ready , we can start now. 7. I am going away for a few days . I‟ll phone you I get back. 8. You should inform the police your bicycle is stolen. 9. Mathew went to bed it was too late to go out. 10. you drive without driving license , you‟re breaking the law. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 30
  31. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using for and since. 1. We‟ve been fishing two hours . 2. I‟ve been working in this office 1970. 3. They‟ve been living in France a month. 4. He has been in prison a year. 5. I‟ve known that a long time . 6. That man has been standing there six o‟clock. 7. She has driven the same car 1975. 8. Things have changed I was a child . 9. The cattle has been boiling a quarter of an hour . 10. The central heating has been on Octocber. Fill : at , in ,between or if necessary. 1. I have to get up .half past 6 Monday and Wednesdays. 2. They usually stay with her family Vietnamese New Year. 3. I went swimming the weekends. 4. They decided to go to the to cinema Saturday. 5. I went to bed early last night. 6. The new college term starts September. 7. She met her boy friend 7 o‟clock the morning. 8. When is your birthday? It‟s 26 March 1993. 9. They went for a walk in the park yesterday evening. 10. Hanoi gets very cold the winter. 11. Tomorrow morning , there will be a meting 7a.m and 11a.m. Give the correct form of the word in brackets: 1. Na is the most in her class. (beauty) 2. She was really by the beauty of the city. (impress) 3. Hanoi people are very . (friend) 4. Their made me happy. (friend) 5. Many come to Ho Chi Minh‟s Mausoleum every day. (visit) 6. We enjoyed the atmosphere in Hue. (peace) 7. Ho Chi Minh City is not from Kuala Lumpur. (difference) 8. The language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation) 9. In Malaysia, is free. (educate) 10. What is the main language of at that school ? (instruct) 11. English is the language in Singapore. (office) 12. Like Vietnam, Malaysia has climate. (tropic) 13. The little girl is dancing (beauty) 14. English people get used to (drive) I5. Watch the news everyday because it's very (inform ) 16. Many Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and . dress. (fashion) *SO / BECAUSE 1-She got up late. She didn‟t go to school on time (because)   .  2-He is tired. He has worked hard overnight (so)  .  3-We decide to stay at home .The weather is bad. (because)   . 4-My child has eaten a lot of candies. She has a toothache (so)   .  5-Mr.Pike has an accident. He drives very carelessly (because)  . *OTHERS 6-Let‟s have a picnic. >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 31
  32.  What do you think about . . .?  7-What do you think about traveling to Dalat?  I think we should .  8-He likes to go for a walk.  He enjoys  9-I love to watch TV.  I am interested in  10-We started playing volleyball 2 months ago.  We have  1. It‟s 2 years since I saw him. I haven‟t 2. Hung is busy. Hung wishes 3. Her daughter cannot speak English. She wishes 4. The weather is too cold, so we can‟t go swimming. If 5. I can‟t buy the house because it is too expensive. If 6. Mary asked, “Tom, who will open the box for me?” Mary 7. The teacher asked him, “Do you think before you answer?” The teacher 8. He said to me, “ Shut the door” He 9. The guide said to us, “Don‟t touch this picture.” The guide 10. She sings beautifully. She is 11. We run fast. We are 12. He is a good dancer. He 13. She is a slow work. She 14. Mary will come. Peter will be happy. If Mary 15. The teacher will correct it. We will understand it. If 16. Ronaldo wins the gold ball of FIFA. The gold ball 17. Mr. Hung keeps a large collection of medals. A large 18. The principle bought many teaching aids for our school. Many teaching aids 19. Minh Quang caught the ball easily. The ball 20. They have just held an English workshop. An English workshop >> Truy cập trang để học Toán - lý – Hóa – Sinh – Văn – Anh tốt nhất! 32