Tiếng Anh 8 - Gerund and infinitive

Nội dung text: Tiếng Anh 8 - Gerund and infinitive

1. GERUND AND INFINITIVE I. FUNCTIONS OF GERUND (Chức năng của Gerund): 1. Subject for a verb : (Làm chủ ngữ cho động từ ) . EX: Swimming is good for your health. Smoking is not good for your health. 2. Object for some verbs (Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ) : admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, resent, suggest, hate, love, like, start, begin, forget, remember, stop, regret, continue, acknowledge, endure(chịu đựng, cam chịu), imagine, justify, resist(kháng cự, chống lại), feel like, forgive, risk, tolerate. * Công thức: S + V+ GERUND (V-ING) + O. Ex: I like playing football. She admited stealing a bike. Nam can’t stand living alone. 3. Object for preposition (Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ): tobe interested in: thích, quan tâm tobe fond of: thích tobe bored with: buồn chán tobe fed up with: thích tobe afraid of: sợ tobe surprised at: ngạc nhiên về tobe worried about: lo lắng về tobe amused at: thích tobe amazed at: kinh ngạc về tobe famous for: nổi tiếng về tobe different from: khác với tobe good/ bad at: giỏi/ tệ về tobe excited at/ about: thích thú, hào hứng tobe frightened of: sợ hãy tobe keen on: thích tobe pleased with: hài lòng với tobe relaxed with: thư giản tobe exhausted at: mệt tobe busy with: bận rộn với tobe absent from: vắng mặt từ to rely on: trông cậy vào tobe present at: có mặt, hiện diện tobe tired of: mệt mõi tobe terrified of: khiếp sợ, kinh hãi tobe nervous of: hồi hộp, lo lắng tobe successful in: thành công về to be used to: quen với to get used to: quen với to think of/ about: suy nghĩ về to give up: từ bỏ to depend on: phụ thuộc vào to insit on: khăng khăng * Công thức: S + cụm giới từ + GERUND + O. EX: I am interested in playing football. They are fond of watching films. Gerund Gerund 4. Object for some phrases and expressions (Làm tân ngữ cho một số cụm từ và thành ngữ): to look forward to, It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have difficulty + gerund. EX: I am looking forward to seeing you again. It’s no use/ It’s no good asking him for help. It’s worth buying that book. I have difficulty finding a job in this city. 5. Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghĩa: begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt. EX: I hate to see you = I hate seeing you. 6. Một số động từ theo sau dùng Gerund nghĩa khác dùng To infinitive nghĩa khác: stop , remember, forget, regret, try. a. Stop + to Vo: dừng việc này để làm việc khác. Stop + Ving : dừng hẳn việc đang làm EX: My father stopped to help me with the housework. My father stopped smoking 3 years ago. b. Remember + to Vo: Nhớ để làm điều gì như là một bổn phận, trách nhiệm. Rember + Ving: Nhớ là đã có làm gì trong quá khứ. EX: We always remember to turn off the lights before going out. I remember meeting you somewhere already. c. Forget + to Vo : quên không làm việc gì. 1
2. Forget + Ving : quên là đã có làm việc gì. đó. Ex: Oh, I forgot to send your letter. I am sorry. I forget lending you my dictionary yesterday. d. Regret + to Vo: Lấy làm tiếc để thông báo cho ai một tin không vui,không may. Regret + Ving:Hối tiếc vì đã làm gì đó trong quá khứ. EX: I regret to tell you that you have failed the exams. I regret lending him some money. He will never pay me back. e. Try + to Vo : Cố gắng làm việc gì. Try + Ving: thử EX: I try to study hard to pass the exams. He tried eating the food I cooked. It was terrible. 7. Sau các động từ allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend dùng được Gerund khi không có túc từ. S + allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend + O + TO Vo S + allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend + VING EX: Sorry, we don’t allow smoking in this room. I wouldn’t advise taking the car. II. INFINITIVE WITH TO: 1. Làm chủ ngữ: Eg: To love is to give. To find my house is easy. To save money now is necessary. 2. Bổ ngữ của động từ: Eg: Our duty is to study harder. 3. Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.(Theo sau một số động từ quy định) afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, decide, demand, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish. * Công thức: S + V quy định + to Vo EX: I agreed to help him. He threatened to call the police. 4. Verbs followed by a pro(noun) + an infinitive: advise, allow, ask, arrange, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, tell, urge, want, warn, teach, instruct (dạy, hướng dẫn, thông báo), get, would like, would prefer. * Công thức: S + V quy định + O + to Vo EX: I advised me to study hard. He allowed his son to go out . 5. Dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ: unable, afraid, amused, annoyed(làm bực mình,chọc tức), anxious, astonished(làm ngạc nhiên), certain, delighted, determined(xác định), eager, easy, good, glad, grateful, happy, hard, fortunate(may mắn, đem lại vận may), pleased, prepared, ready, safe, surprised, wonderful, worry Eg: I’m glad to see you again. We are unable to solve the problem. 6. Chỉ mục đích: EX: We study hard to pass the exam. We go to school to widen our knowledge. III. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO: Động từ nguyên mẫu không TO được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: 1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may,must, will, shall, could, should, might, ought to, would Eg: He can speak 3 languages. 2
3. 2. Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: feel, hear, see, watch, let, perceive = notice(nhận thấy), mark (để ý thấy), observe (chú ý thấy), beheld (trông thấy), hard at (lắng nghe) Eg: I saw him unlock the door. He made me study hard. (câu chủ động) She let the ball fall onto the floor. * Feel, hear, see, watch thường được thêo sau bởi V-ING khi đề cập đến sự tiếp diễn của hành động. Eg: I hear someone knocking at the front door. I saw the man walking down the street. 3. Sau các động từ như: had better, would rather, have to, used to. Eg: We would rather wait till tomorrow. You had better put your money in the bank. 4. NEED (cần) , NEEDN’T (không cần thiết) Sngười + need + toVo S vật + need + VING/ TO BE VED/ V3 S + NEEDN”T + Vo EX: Mai needs to buy some salt and sugar. This car needs repairing/ to be repaired. She needn’t walk to work, she has a bike. 5. Sau các động từ như: make, help, let: a. Cấu trúc với make: S+ MAKE/MADE + O + Vo . (Câu chủ động) S + BE + MADE + TO Vo + BY O. (Câu bị động) EX: What makes you laugh? She made me cry. I was made to study hard. She is made to be sad. b. Cấu trúc với HELP: S + HELP + O + Vo EX: Please help me carry this heavy bag. C. Cấu trúc với LET: S + LET + O + Vo (Chủ động) S + BE + LET + Vo (Bị động) LET’S + Vo (Chúng ta hãy ) EX: We let him go. He lets me sit down. Let’s go out for a walk. * Choose the best answer: 1. I have difficulty and English. A. speaking – writing B. speak – writing C. to speak – to writeD. speak - write 2. They offered her but she refused. A. to help B. helping C. help D. being helped 3. I don’t mind you the washing up. A. help – do B. helping – doing C. helping – do D. to help- to do 4. I’d like when I am sixty years old. A. to rest B. to stop C. to retire D. to relax 5. We hope the students themselves will enjoy taking in outdoor activities. A. part B. note C. notice D. advantage 6. The children are looking forward to on holiday. A. go B. going C. be going D. have gone 7. You must try not to so many mistakes again. A. make B. do C. say D. tell 8. Her advice made him his mind. A. change B. to change C. changing D. changed 9. Ms. Lan enjoys because she loves working with children. A. to teach B. to be taught C. teaching D. teach 3
4. 10. My father doesn’t allow me in his room. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. not smoke 11. It’s very me with money. A. kind for you to help B. kind to you helping C. kind of you helping D. kind of you to help 12. It’s better to avoid during the rush hour. A. travelling B. to travel C. travel D. travelled 13. It was a nice day, so we decided for awalk. A. to have B. to go C. going D. having 14. Would you looking after my children for a while? A. mind B. agree C. stand D. care 15. Students should encourage questions in class. A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. being raised 16. It is compulsory for students in shools uniforms. A. to wear B. wear C. wearing D. worn 17. This class needs . It’s very dirty. A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned 18. At school, students usually take part in money for charity. A. raised B. to raise C. raising D. raise 19. May I in? A. to come B. coming C. came D. come 20. Let’s for a walk. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 21. Do you enjoy cartoon? A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watched 22. They want by air because it is much faster than other means of transfort. A. travel B. travelling C. travelled D. to travel 23. Why don’t you consider me? I really look forward to you. A. visiting – seeing B. to visit – to see C. to be visited – sawD. visit – see 24. It’s impolite people about their salary. A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. ask 25. Don’t in class, students! A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked 26. Who you English? A. do teach B. teaches C. teach D. does teach 27. You had better harder. A. to work B. working C. worked D. work 28. is my hobby. A. Playing B. Play C. Played D. To play 29. We should read different kinds of books our general knowledge. A. to widen B. widen C. widened D. widening 30. It’s not good to avoid the teacher’s questions in class. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 31. Students are interested in a party. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 32. the exams, students have to learn hard. A. To pass B. Passed C. Pass D. Passing 33. The girl denied the news. A. tell B. told C. to tell D. telling 4
5. 34. I can’t bear people at me. A. shout B. shouting C. shouted D. to shout 35. Would you like your holiday with my family in Brazil? A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent 36. My father is very keen classical music. A. to listen B. to listen to C. on listening to D. on listening 37. I remember next door to you when we were in Australia. A. to live B. living C. live D. have lived 38. My sister is good at tennis. A. play B. playing C. to play D. staying 39. Do you hope your father again this weekend? A. meet B. meeting C. met D. to meet 40. Never let children alone in the street. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 41. Have you promised with me ? A. to go B. going C. went D. gone 42. I am bored with computer games now. A. playing B. to play C. played D. plays 43. Susan is looking for something A. eating B. eat C. to eat D. to eating 44. My parents are interested in football matches on TV. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 45. She used as a typist. A. to working B. work C. working D. to work 46. stamps is my hobby. A. collecting B. collect C. collected D. collection. 47. I remember you about this before. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 48. He let the letter on to the floor. A. fall B. falls C. falling D.fell 49. I can’t stand on underground when it is busy. A. travel B. travelling C. to travel D. to travelling 50. She hates housework at weekends. A. doing B. do C. to be doing D. being done 51. I had a headache, and the doctor asked me some aspirin. A. took B. to taken C. take D. to take 52. She is keen on with a doll. A. plays B. to play C. player D. playing 53. Every day I spend two hours English . A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 54. I don’t mind if you are tired . A. driving B. to be driven C. to drive D. drive 55. I don’t remember the front door when I left home. A. to lock B. lock C. locked D. locking 56. Children enjoy to ghost stories on Halloween night. A. telling and listening B. tell and listen C. to tell and listen D. to tell and to listen 57. Have you finished the table ? A. set B. setting C. to set D. to be set 5
6. 58. Mr Smith decided a new TV. A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. to be bought 59. I can’t help him in spite of his faults. A. admire B. admired C. to admire D. admiring 60. Don’t forget home as soon as you arrive at your destination. A. to call B. calling C. having called D. to be called 61. Jack made me him next week . A. to promise to call B. to promise calling C. promise to call D. promise calling 62. If we want to get to the station on time, we’d better avoid the highway. A. having taken B. take C. to take D. taking 63. Tommy admitted the rock through the window. A. throwing B.being throwing C. to throw D. to be thrown 64. He suggested a double railway tunnel. A. to build B. built C. building D. that building 65. What makes you so ? A. think B. to think C. thinking D. having thought 66. Some people are used to in crowded buses and don’t mind it at all. A. ride B. ridden C.to ride D. riding 67. If you see Nisson, you mind him to get in touch with me ? A. will-reminding B. will- to remind C. would- to remind D. would- reminding 68. Please let me when you can come . A. to know B. knowing C. know D. have known 69. I regret you that I am unable to come tomorrow. A.to tell B. telling C. tell D. told 70. Workers began a number of wooden boxes . A. unloading B. unload C. to unloading D. unloaded 71. Would you mind the phone number ? I didn’t hear properly. A. to repeat B. repeat C. repeating D. for repeating 72. What would you like for your breakfast ? A. eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D. to have eaten 73. in the country is something he loves. A. Travelling B. Travel C. The travelling D. To travelling 74. I was reading my books, but I stopped a programme on TV. A. reading to watch B. to read to watch C. to read for watching D. reading watching PHẦN TỰ LUẬN 1. He wanted (see) ___the house where the president was born. 2. He is expected (arrive) ___in a few days. 3. I would like him (go) ___ to a university but I can’t (make) him go. 4. I am looking forward (see) ___ you. 5. I arranged (meet) ___them there. 6. He urged us (work) ___faster. 7. I wish (see) ___the manager. 8. It is no use (wait) ___him. 9. He warned her (not touch) ___the wire. 10. Don’t forget (clock) ___the door before (go) ___to bed. 11. My mother told me (not speak) ___too anyone about it. 12. He tried (explain) ___but she refused (listen) ___. 13. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) ___between the courses. 14. He decided (disguise) ___ himself by (dress) ___as a women. 15. I am prepared (wait) ___here all night if necessary. 16. Would you mind (show) ___me how (work) ___the lift. 6
7. 17. After (walk) ___three hours we stopped (rest) ___and let the others (catch) ___up with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) ___what you mean. 19. The boy likes (play) ___games but hates (do) ___exercises. 20. I regret (inform) ___you that your application has been refused. 21. I don’t allow (smoke) ___in my drawing-room. 22. I don’t allow my family (smoke) ___at all. 23. He surprised us all by (go) ___away without (say) ___‘Good-bye’. 24. Please go on (write) ___; I don’t mind ___ (wait). 25. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) ___recognized. 26. Before (give) ___evidence you must swear (speak) ___the truth. 27. I tried (persuade) ___him (agree) ___with your proposal. 28. Your windows need (clean) ___.Would you like me (do) ___them for you. 29. Would you mind (shut) ___the window? I hate (sit) ___in a draught. 30. I can’t help (sneeze) ___; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) ___in a draught. 31. Stop (talk) ___; I am trying (finish) ___a letter. 32. His doctor advised him (give) ___up (jog) ___. 33. My watch keeps (stop) ___. 34. People used (make) ___fire by (rub) ___two sticks together. 35. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 36. If you go on (let) ___your dog (chase) ___cars he will end by (be) ___run over. 37. I prefer (drive) ___to (be) ___driven. 38. I advise you (start) ___ (look) ___for a flat at once. 39. Would you mind (lend) ___me some money? I forgot (cash) ___ a cheque. 40. (Lie) ___on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) ___in the office. 41. She like her children (go) ___to the dentist every six months. 42. An instructor is coming (show) ___us how (use) ___the machine. 43. I have no intention of (go) ___to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) ___my favorite actress in such dreadful part. 44. I suggest (telephone) ___the hospitals before (ask) ___the police (look) ___for him. 45. After (hear) ___the conditions I decided (not enter) ___for the competition. 46. Some people seem (have) ___the passion for (write) ___to the newspapers. 47. He expects me (answer) ___by return but I have no intention of (reply) ___at all. 48. He postponed (make) ___a decision until it was too late (do) ___anything. 49. Try (forget) ___it; It isn’t worth (worry) ___about it. 50. There is no point in (remain) ___in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) ___the people who have (stay) ___ there. 7